The procedure of routine bacteria-detective methode are very complicated, so are MIC methods for drug detection.The results of drug sensitive test with disk diffusion are not stable.However,the Auto Microbic System VITEK AMS has made it possible to carry out bacterial identification, drug-sensitive test and MIC detection rapidly and accurately. The results of AMS of 382 clinically isolated Gram-negative bacilli showed that the strains contianed P.aeruginosa (32.5%), K. pneumoniae(18.6%), E. coli(16.5%), A.calcoaceticus(13.1%) E.claocae(12%), E. aezogenes(4.2%), Proteus mirabilis(3.1%), and multiresist tstains were common in them. The resistant rate of the above strains to two to six antibiotics were 84.1%~100%, 67.6-100%, 59.2-99.2%, 52.1-95.9%, 40.8-89.5%, respectively. All above strains had the lowest resistance to Amikacin and the highest to Ampicllin. It is significant that clinical doctors should choose right antibiotics according to the accurate results of AMS.

On the basis of assuming that the postgraduate education charge is a fact,this paper at fist studies the theory and realistic basis of postgraduate student charges and then analyzes its profit and fraud. Finally,some constructive suggestions are put forward to protect the enrollment chances of poor students and the development of basic discipline.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of olmesartan on NT-proBNP and high-sensitive C- reactive protein(hs-CRP) and left atrial diameter (LAD) in elderly hypertensive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). METHODS:188 cases of elderly hypertensive patients with PAF from May 2011 to May 2013 were divided into control group(n=94)and observation group (n=94),both groups received the treatment of amiodarone,observation group were additionally given olmesartan on the basis of conventional treatment,the treatment cycle was 12 months in two groups. NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,LAD changes and atri-al fibrillation(AF)recurrence were compared between 2 groups before(T0)and after 1 month(T1),3 months(T2),6 months (T3)and 12 months(T4)treatment;related factors for recurrence of atrial fibrillation were analyzed. RESULTS:NT-proBNP and hs-CRP in observation group were lower than control group at T3-T4,with significant difference(P<0.05);LAD improvement in observation group was better than control group,with significant difference (P<0.05). After treatment,the decent range of NT-proBNP and hs-CRP in observation group were higher than that control group,with significant difference(P<0.05);AF re-currence in observation group were lower than control group at T3-T4,with significant difference(P<0.05);Multiple stepwise re-gression analysis showed that NT-proBNP and hs-CRP were positively related with LAD,with significant difference (P<0.05);multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the NT-proBNP level,hs-CRP,LAD were positively correlated with AF re-currence,NT-proBNP drop and hs-CRP drop were negatively correlated with AF recurrence. CONCLUSIONS:Serum NT-proB-NP and hs-CRP levels are closely related to LAD and AF recurrence in elderly hypertensive patients with PAF,and olmesartan can decrease the plasma NT- proBNP CRP levels,reduce inflammation response and improve left atrial remodeling so as to re-duce the AF recurrence.

In order to evaluate appropriately the role of lipid metabolism by the refined konjac meal (RKM), a new source of dietary fiber, the effects of RKM on the level of serum and liver lipids, hepatic histopathology and on the composition and output of fecal bile acids in comparison with pectin, algin and agar were studied.The RKM contained about 75-80% of glucomannan. All four kinds of dietary fiber "were given at a level of 5% in the diet to the young male Wistar rats fed on a lipid-rich diet containing 5% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.25% chplate. The control group was fed on a lipid-rich diet alone withput fiber. The normal group was fed on a basal diet without extra lipid added. Feeding period was 9 weeks.The results obtained were as follows;1)All the dietary fibers tested have the similar effects on serum lipid composition. At the end of 2-week of the experiment, the serum total cholesterol levels of the four experimental groups were only 62% to 75% of that of the control group, and at the end of 7-week they were lowered to the same level of the normal group. The level of the triglyceride in serum did not change in all groups during the experiment.2)Relative liver weights were lower in four experimental groups than in control group. Hepatic hisiopathological examinations showed lipotropic effect in RKM, pectin and algin groups. Both of the above effects appeared most significantly in RKM group. The concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver in RKM group were lower than those in control group as well as other three experimental groups.3)No harmful effects on the intake of food and growing of rats were found when feeding these four kinds of dietary fiber at the level of 5%.4)The daily output of fecal bile acids (CDCA + GDCA) was significantly increased in four experimental groups.The increase of fecal output of bile acids, especially CDCA, may be one of the mechanisms of hypocholesterola-emic effect of dietary fibers.It could be concluded that RKM has the same significant hypocholestero-lemic effect as the pectin, algin and agar, but its lipotropic effect is more potent.

Objective:To investigate the adverse drug reactions ( ADR) caused by carbapenem antibiotics and discuss the influen-cing factors to provide reference for the rational use of carbapenems in clinics. Methods:The ADR caused by carbapenems from March 1, 2008 to August 1, 2014 in our hospital were statistically analyzed. Results:Totally 73 cases of ADR were caused by carbapenems. The number of ADR for men and women was similar. The ADR occurred in 80-year-old people with more frequency. The incidence of ADR on the first day of administration was relative high. The ADR were mainly manifested as skin and appendages disorders and nerve system damage. Conclusion: Great attention should be paid to the ADR of carbapenems and the state of patients. The medication should be adjusted in the patients with declined renal function and nerve system basic diseases in order to reduce the damage of ADR.

Hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HR + HER2 +) breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, accounting for about 10% of breast cancers. The molecular biological characteristics, therapeutic effect and prognosis of all subtypes have significant differences. This paper reviews the research progress of molecular biological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment condition and single-cell level in HR + HER2 + breast cancer from the perspective of heterogeneity.

Female ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; complications ; drug therapy ; virology ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objectives To investigate the risk factors of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS1) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The medical date of hospitalized patients with AMI from January,2013 to February,2014 in Hunan Provincial People~ Hospital were reviewed.A total of 265 patients with AMI was divided into CRS1 and non-CRS1 groups.The univariate comparison and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to obtain the CRS1 risk factors.Results In the 265 AMI patients,CRS1 was found in 59 patients (22.3％).Age,history of diabetes,Killip classification,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVFF),baseline serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,uric acid,baseline evaluated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),serum sodium,the left anterior descending artery lesion,emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),β-blocker,and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor antagonist (ACEI/ARB) were statistically different between CRS1 and non-CRS1 groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression showed that age,history of diabetes,Killip classification,reduced LVEF,reduced eGFR,hyponatremia,the left anterior descending artery lesionn,emergency PCI non-undergo,and β-blocker non-use were independent risk factors for CRS1 after AMI.Conclusions CRS1 is a common complication in AMI patients,which is associated with many factors.Our data suggest that patients with AMI should be more comprehensively assessed and monitored,thereby preventing the occurrence of CRS1.

Objective To establish a benign esophageal stricture model and observe the effect of 32P radioactive isotopes on benign esophageal stricture scarring with intracavitary irradiation so as to provide experimental evidence for inhibiting scar hyperplasia and preventing esophageal restenosis after endoscopic dilation for benign esophageal stricture.Methods Benign esophageal stricture models were established in 18 healthy adult rabbits by annular incision and anastomosis.Then the rabbits were randomly divided into control group,hormone group and irradiation group,with six rabbits in each group.On day 2 after surgery,we measured inner diameter of the anastomotic stoma;then the control group received saline intervention,the hormone group was given dexamethasone,and the irradiation group was given 32P radioactive isotopes.The rabbits were observed for two weeks for their general condition and weight.After the intervention,we measured inner diameter of the anastomotic stoma.Liver functions (ALT and AST) were tested again before modeling and after intervention.Then the rabbits were put to death and had tissue in the esophageal stricture area removed for pathological examination and esophageal HE staining.We determined hydroxyproline (HYP) content of esophageal tissue around the anastomotic stoma.Restlts Benign esophageal stricture model was established successfully.After 2 weeks,the rabbits' appetite was obviously diminished in control group and relatively poor in hormone group;obviously improved in irradiation group.The rabbits' weight increased in radiation group compared with the other two groups (P＜0.05).The esophageal inner diameter in irradiation group widened obviously compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).In irradiation group,the number of fibroblasts decreased obviously,collagen fiber and granulation tissue were not obvious;HYP content was lower than that in the other two groups,and was close to that in a normal esophagus (P＞0.05).ALT and AST did not differ before and after intervention in all groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion ① We can establish benign esophageal stricture model successfully through the surgery.② 32Pradioactive isotopes radiation therapy can be used to prevent early scar formation in esophageal benign stricture,and is superior to dexamethasone therapy.

Objective:To compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the abdominal visceral fat of obese women.Methods:Sixty-eight obese female college students were randomly divided into an HIIT group ( n=23), an MICT group ( n=22) and a control group ( n=23). The control group was not given any training intervention. The MICT group performed continuous exercise at an intensity of 60% of each person′s maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max) until 300kJ of work had been performed. Those in the HIIT group performed repeated 4-minute bouts of cycling at 90% of their VO 2max with 3-minute intervals until 300kJ of work had been performed. The interventions lasted 12 weeks. The subjects′ visceral fat (AVFA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASFA) were measured using computed tomography. Whole-body fat mass (FM) and FM in the android, gynoid and trunk regions were detected using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 48 hours after the final session. Results:After the intervention, the average AVFA, ASFA, percentage of fat mass (FM%), whole-body FM, and FM in the abdominal, gluteo-femoral and trunk regions of the HIIT group and MICT group were significantly lower than before the intervention, but there was no significant difference between them. No significant differences were observed in any of the control group′s indexes.Conclusions:Both HIIT and MICT can reduce the abdominal visceral fat of obese female college students, and the effects of the two exercise modes are equivalent.