To explore the effect of magnitude and duration on the performance of Cumulative Sum (CUSUM),with simulation method used on the subject after the insertion of 11 outbreak events into baseline data with Poisson distribution.Sensitivity fluctuated from 9.1％ to 100.0％ with specificities higher than 98.6％.Sensitivity was significantly correlated with magnitude,and increased along with the increase of magnitude.However,no significant correlation was observed between sensitivity and duration.A magnitude which was at least 2.6 times higher than that of the mean daily baseline could result in the sensitivity of 100.0％.Time-lag would be improved along with the increase of magnitude.Time between onset and detection of an outbreak was no longer than one day when magnitude was more than 1.8 of the mean daily baseline.In summary,the performance of CUSUM was influenced by magnitude,but not by duration.CUSUM had the advantage of good time-lag and high sensitivity when the outbreak magnitude was more than 2.4 time over the baseline data.

OBJECTIVETo observe Smads protein expression in lung tissue of quartz exposed mice and to explore its association with pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis.

METHODSThe experimental mice were divided into control and quartz groups. 0.2 g/kg weight of quartz was injected intratracheally in quartz group. Samples were collected at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th and 28th day after injection. Immunohistochemical methods with quantitative image analysis were used to assay the protein expression of transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), Smad 2/3, Smad 4, and Smad 7 protein levels. Protein expression level is presented by positive unit (PU).

RESULTSSmad 2/3 protein expression increased from day 3, reaching its peak level in day 14 [(42.2 +/- 2.4) PU], and decreased gradually. The elevation of Smad 4 protein level began from day 5, and the highest degree came into day 14 [(40.0 +/- 1.8) PU], decreased thereafter. The expression of Smad 7 presented a decreasing tendency at the beginning and reaching the lowest level in day 14 [(33.5 +/- 3.3) PU]. It seemed to elevate in day 28, but was still lower than the controls. There were positive correlation between Smad 2/3, Smad 4 and TGF-beta(1) (r = 0.91, r = 0.71, respectively, P < 0.05) and also between Smad 2/3 and hydroxyproline contents of lung tissue (r = 0.85, P < 0.05) except Smad 7.

CONCLUSIONSmad protein may have certain association with pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis.

Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Quartz ; toxicity ; Smad2 Protein ; Smad3 Protein ; Smad4 Protein ; Smad7 Protein ; Trans-Activators ; immunology ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). 40 newly diagnosed MM patients were enrolled, including 9 in stage I, 18 in stage II, 13 in stage III. 25 patients were treated with VAD regimen, and 15 patients with the bortezomib and dexamethasone (BD) regimen. 20 healthy individuals as controls were enrolled in this study. The serum VEGF and IL-17 levels were determined by ELISA. The results indicated that the serum VEGF and IL-17 levels in the patients with MM were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P < 0.01). VEGF and IL-17 levels in stage III was significantly higher than that in stage I and II (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between IL-17 and serum calcium β2-microglobulin or C-reactive protein (P < 0.01), and there was also a positive correlation between VEGF and serum creatinine serum Bene-Jones protein λ or urinary Bene-Jones protein λ (P < 0.01). Serum VEGF and IL-17 levels significantly decreased in MM patients after treatment, and the serum levels of VEGF and IL-17 was much lower in MM patients treated with VAD regimen than those in patients treated with BD regimen. It is concluded that the detection of serum VEGF and IL-17 levels is helpful to evaluation of the clinical stages and the severity of MM.
Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety of remifentanil with fentanyl used for intraoperative anesthesia.

METHODSFifty-four patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy or total hysterectomy were randomly assigned to remifentanil group or fentanyl group with 27 cases in each group. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and either remifentanil (2 micrograms/kg) or fentanyl (2.5 micrograms/kg), and was maintained with inhalation of nitrous oxide in oxygen (2:1) and a continuous infusion of either remifentanil (0.2 microgram.kg-1.min-1) or fentanyl (0.03 microgram.kg-1.min-1). Depth of anesthesia, hemodynamic changes, recovery profile of anesthesia, postoperative analgesia and adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTSThe number of patients exhibited light depth of anesthesia during tracheal intubation and maintenance in the remifentanil group was significantly fewer than that in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05). Hemodynamic changes during intubation, skin incision, maintenance of anesthesia and extubation in the remifentanil group were significantly smaller than those in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The time to opening eyes on command and the time for extubation after surgery were comparable between the two groups. More patients in the remifentanil group required bolus injection of morphine for postoperative pain relief than those in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the aspect of adverse reactions.

CONCLUSIONThe anesthetic and analgesic effects of remifentanil are more potent than those of fentanyl. Remifentanil can offer superior intraoperative hemodynamic stability compared with fentanyl without compromising recovery from anesthesia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Fentanyl ; therapeutic use ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; prevention & control ; Piperidines ; therapeutic use

Objective To reveal the characteristics and stability of the system through the analyzing the surveillance data of respiratory-feverous syndrome via the syndromic surveillance system which was established during the Shanghai World Expo in Pudong New District and provide references for the development and operation optimization on this Mass Gatherings Surveillance Systems.Methods Data used was from the surveillance data of respiratory-feverous syndrome collected from Pudong New District Syndromic Surveillance System,through May 1 to October 31,2010.On the basis of description of data characteristics,correlation analyses were conducted,when compared to the surveillance data of respiratory-feverous syndrome and Pudong influenza-like illness (ILI) used as reference.Comparison of variances on the surveillance data and the report lag time of the earlier and later surveillance periods were also carried out to evaluate the quality and stability of data.Results Reports on the respiratory-feverous syndrome showed a peak in late September with day-of-week effects and holiday effects.Correlation between respiratory-feverous syndrome and ILI was the strongest in the same day (r=0.596,P＜0.05).In the earlier surveillance period from 2010-05-01 to 2010-07-31,the correlation between respiratory-feverous syndrome and ILI was not obvious (r=-0.058,P＞0.05) ; however,the two-time series showed consistent trend with the correlation coefficient as 0.798 (P＜0.05),in the later period from 2010-08-01 to 2010-10-31.In addition,variability of the surveillance data on respiratory-feverous syndrome was less in the later period than in the earlier one,with quality of the report on relatcd data better in the later period.Analyses on the correlations of reference sequence,variability and quality of report indicated that the stability of the later surveillance period was better than the earlier one.Conclusion Only with the operation of syndromic surveillance system for a certain period of time,could data in the system maintain stability.Surveillance data showed both day-of-week effects and holiday effects,suggesting that there was a need to choose early warning models with short baseline data.

Objective To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of 10 Chinese patients with 17? hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (17OHD). Methods Clinical features and laboratory data were collected from 7 kindreds with 17OHD. PCR products and subclone sequencing were performed to screen the mutation of CYP17A1 gene. Results All patients had typical clinical presentation of sexual infantilism, hypertension and hypokalemia. The laboratory examinations indicated decreased plasma cortisol, 17-hydroxy progesterone, estradiol and testosterone, and elevated blood adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH), follcie-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH). CT scan showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. 5 CYP17A1 mutations were identified, 4 of which are novel types D487_F489del, the most frequent mutation, was identified in 4 families and 45% alleles. Conclusion Our study indicates that 17OHD should be considered in the diagnosis of patients with sexual infantilism. D487_F489del is the most frequent mutation in Chinese 17OHD patients.

Objective To explore the conception,mechanism,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of ectopic pituitary adenoma. Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with ectopic pituitary adenoma, admitted to our hospital from October 2010 to March 2011, were retrospectively analyzed and discussed by reviewing the relevant literature. Results Clinical manifestations ofectopic pituitary adenoma were as follows:2 had headache,1 had sexual dysfunction and blurred vision, and 1 had acromegalia combined with psychiatric symptom. Endocrinological examination showed that 1 had obviously increased growth hormone (GH) and 1 increased prolactin (PRL).MRI scan indicated that 2 were located in sphenoid sinus and I was located in the sphenoid sinus and clivus.Contrast-enhanced MRI showed enhanced lesions.Total removal was achieved in 2 patients through the trans-sphenoidal approach; partial removal was achieved in the patient with sphenoid sinus and clivus.Pathology examination demonstrated as pituitary adenomas. Conclusion The patients with ectopic pituitary adenoma have neurological dysfunction or/and endocrinological dysfunction; CT and MRI play valuable role in their diagnosis; radical resection of tumor can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer.

METHODSBy the means of immunohistochemistry, COX-2, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and D2-40 were examined in the tissue samples of primary tumors from 94 patients underwent surgical resections for breast cancer from November 1998 to March 2002. Eighty-three patients were followed-up. The expressions of VEGF-C mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot in MDA-MB-231 cell lines by the treatment of selective COX-2 inhibitor Nimesulide at different doses. The expressions of VEGF-C protein were evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells treated by PGE2 (1 microg/ml) and Trastuzumab (1 microg/ml), respectively.

RESULTSCOX-2 over-expression was observed in 46.8% of surgical specimens (44/94), while VEGF-C overexpression occurred in 51.1% of tumor samples (48/94). COX-2 was strongly correlated with VEGF-C expression (P < 0.01), micro-lymphatic vessels (P = 0.032) and metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0. 035). Patients with COX-2 positive tumors had a significant shorter survival time than those with negative tumors did, including disease-free survival (P = 0.010) and overall survival (P = 0.040). Nimesulide could down-regulate the expressions of VEGF-C mRNA and protein in a does-dependent manner, while PGE2 could up-regulate the expressions. The expression of VEGF-C protein up-regulated by PGE2 treatment was decreased by Trastuzumab.

CONCLUSIONSCOX-2 over-expression can up-regulate the expression of VEGF-C. VEGF-C might promote lymph node metastasis by a lymph-angiogenic pathway, then affect the prognosis of the patients with breast cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the main risk factors of low back pain of workers ina foundry factory of the automobile company using cross sectional epidemiological investigation, and to provide scientific base for preventing the disorder.

METHODSThe low back pain and work loads of 1340 workers in a foundry factory of the automobile company were investigated using questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors.

RESULTSThe one-year morbidity of low back pain in workers was 58.9% the morbidities of low back pain in workers engaged in foundry, transportation and modeling were 64.6%, 64.6% and 62.5%, respectively. The lifting with squat postures, bending trunk heavily, bending trunk with twisting and moving the heavy objects were found to be the most dominant risk factors for low-back pain, the OR values were 2.085, 1.961, 1.967 and 1.956, respectively. The distributions of risk factors were different among the different jobs. The logistic regression analysis showed that moving the heavy objects, lifting with squat postures, bending trunk heavily, bending trunk with twisting existed simultaneously, also the work years and gender were the risk factors.

CONCLUSIONThe manual moving heavy objects, awkward working posture or both were the most important risk factors for low-back pain. The intervene ergonomic study should be performed in future to reduce the morbidity of low-back pain.

Adult ; Automobiles ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Industry ; Logistic Models ; Low Back Pain ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effectiveness of using cell saver (CS) during surgery on blood sparing and its impact on patient's hematology and coagulation function.

METHODSOne-hundred and thirty-eight patients undergoing elective surgery were recruited for intraoperative blood salvage using CS. Blood routine, blood chemistry and coagulation function were measured before surgery, after infusion of salvaged blood and postoperative day 1, respectively.

RESULTSIn total, 112,056 ml of packed red blood cells were collected, with a mean value of 812 ml per patient. The percentage of autologous blood transfusion volume to the total blood transfusion volume was from 48% to 89%. Allogenic blood transfusion rate was from 5% to 100%. Compared with the values before surgery, the hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, plasma total protein and fibrinogen concentration decreased significantly after the transfusion of salvaged blood and the first postoperative day (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the prothrombin time was significantly prolonged (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe use of CS during surgery can, to a certain extent, reduce the requirement of allogenic blood. However, reinfusion of large amount of salvaged blood may affect coagulation function.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; methods ; Blood Volume ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prothrombin Time