Velocity vector imaging (VVI) can quantitatively detect biomechanical characteristics of myocardium and vascular wall based on the principle of speckle tracking , getting rid of the angular dependence of tissue Doppler ima‐ging (TDI) .It can distinguish myocardial segment movements ,observe cardiac twisting motion and discover early e‐lastic changes of vascular wall and evaluate stability of atherosclerotic plaques ,which possesses important signifi‐cance for differential diagnosis of early heart and vascular diseases .The present article made a review on application progress of VVI in cardiovascular diseases .

Objective:To explore the curative effect and security of Jiuwei Zhenxin granules in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Methods:Totally 112 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were randomly divided into the research group and the control group with 56 ones in each. The research group was given Jiuwei Zhenxin granules while the control group was given paroxetine with the treatment course of 6 weeks. The curative effect of the two groups was observed using Hamilton anxiety scale ( HAMA) , and the side effects were observed using treatment energent eymptom scale( TESS) . Results:After the 2-week treatment, HAMA scores were signifi-cantly lower than those before the treatment (P<0. 01). HAMA scores between the two groups before the treatment and at each time point after the treatment had no statistically significant differences (P>0. 05). The recovery rate and effective rate of the two groups also showed no statistically significant differences (P >0.05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the research group was 14. 8%, which was lower than that in the control group (22. 6%, P<0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in TESS total score between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Jiuwei Zhenxin granules show similar effect with paroxetine in the treat-ment of generalized anxiety disorder with lower adverse reaction incidence and promising safety.

Objective: To investagate the protective effects of halofuginone against liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A) in rats and their mechanism. Methods: Rats were divided into control (G1, 8), model (G2, 14), low- (5 mg/kg, G3, 14) and high-dose (10 mg/kg, G4, 14) halofuginone groups. The rats in G1 were iv injected with 300 μL PBS from tail vain once a week, the rats in other three groups were iv injected with 12.5 mg/kg Con A (in 300 μL PBS) once a week for eight consecutive weeks. Halofuginone was given in the diet for rats in G3 and G4 after molding and continuous administration for eight weeks after the rats were weighted and then were put to execution. The biochemical analysis was used to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), and album protain (ALB) in serum while enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for detecting transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), hyaluronic acid (HA), and procollagen III (PC-III) levels in serum. HE and Masson's trichrome stainings were conducted in liver tissue to observe the pathological variations. Grades of hepatic fibrosis were evaluated according to SSS system. Sirus and immunohistochemical stainings were executed for detecting the deposition and protein expression of collagen 1 (Col I) in liver tissue. Results: Compared with the G2, halofuginone could decrease the levels of ALT, AST, TP, ALB, TGF-β1, HA, and PC-III in serum obviously (P < 0.05, 0.01). Halofuginone could improve the liver pathological variations of fibrotic rats obviously (P < 0.05, 0.01) and reduce the score of hepatic fibrosis significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01). Halofuginone treatment could reduce the deposition and expression of Col I protein (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: Halofuginone could attenuate the Con A-induced immunological liver injury and the fibrosis level in rats. The mechanisms possibly contribute to down-regulating the deposition and expression of Col I protein in liver of rats.

Intervening animals by pathogen of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to establish animal model is the most common and easiest method to determine syndrome attribute of an animal model. However, the underlying prob-lem of this modeling method is that the concept of wind, cold and dampness in the nature are confused with the syn-drome of wind-cold-dampness summarized by abnormal appearance of clinical patients. The typical animal model establishment are through the methods of wind blowing, low temperature freezing, cold water immersion, environmen-tal humidity increasing. Modern medical modeling methods, such as chemicals, organ resections, are also used in the establishment of animal models. Then, the syndrome-attribution of modeling animal is evaluated by physicochemical indexes of modern medicine which is one of modeling methods that have been used by academia in early times. But animal model established by this method is a kind of disease model which is lack of sufficient theoretical and clini-cal evidences. Therefore, the syndrome-attribution should be reappraised among this kind of animal models.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides have biological activities of anti-viral, anti-tumor, enhance immunity, anti-oxidative and anti-aging. OBJECTIVE:To observe the biological effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the antioxidant capacity of D-galactose induced aging mice skin tissues, and to observe the effect in postponing skin aging. METHODS:Forty-four 2-month-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group, aging model group, vitamin E group, and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide group. Rats in the last three groups received subcutaneous injection (nape area) of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide to establish rat aging models, and intragastric administration of corresponding drugs or saline was performed. After 42 days, pathological sections of back skin were obtained to assess the morphological changes of skin tissues, measure the epidermal and dermal thickness, and detect the superoxide dismutase levels and the expression of CuZn-superoxide dismutase mRNA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The epidermal and dermal thickness in the vitamin E group and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide group were increased when compared with the aging model group. The superoxide dismutase levels in the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. The decreased degree of cycle threshold value in the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide group was lower than that in the other two groups. The results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can increase the epidermal and dermal thickness, improve the skin tissue structure, and enhance the superoxide dismutase levels and the expression of CuZn-superoxide dismutase mRNA.

Osteoporosis is a kind of systemic metabolic bone diseases ,characterized by bone loss , bone subtle structural dam-age.Leptin is a peptide hormone which secreted by fat cells , that has both positive and negative effects to the bone , and plays a role of regulating on bone metabolism .In vitro, Leptin can regulate proliferation of osteoblast and inhibit reabsorption of osteoblasts depend on osteoclast.In vivo, Leptin can inhibit the synthesis of serotonin in the brain stem and increase the sympathetic nerve signals output by the hypothalamus to the bone , it mainly has a negative effect .But clinical trials about the correlation between Leptin and senile oste-oporosis, the role of Leptin in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue problems are still unclear .In this paper, we will make a comprehensive overview about the latest research progress in the correlation between leptin and senile osteoporosis .

[Objective] To introduce the Professor SHI Yanping's experience in treating adenomyosis with traditional Chinese medicine. [Methods]Through clinical learning with the teacher and systematic reading literatures about adenomyosis, the author summarized the teacher 's academic thoughts and clinical treating experience of the disease from the etiology and pathogenesis,fundamental law of treatment ,and medication characteristics,and one proven case was presented respectively.[Result] Professor SHI thinks the basic pathogenesis of adenomyosis is deficiency of kidney and blood stasis, accompanied by phlegm dampness, the proof is vacuity, treatment should be staged in terms of different periods:non menses-paying attention to eliminating mass and strengthening the body resistance, creatingNei Yi Ting Fang;menses-paying attention to regulating qi and blood by warming drugs, makingXin Gui Zhi Tong Fang;and at the same time,we have to pay attention to the adjustment of life style.All those lead to a good clinical effect. [Conclusion] The rich experience of Professor SHI in treating this disease might be worthy of promotion and learning,which has a good effect on relieving the discomforts and improving the quality of life in patients.

[Summary] The incidences of obesity and its associated diseases are increasing worldwide.Bariatric surgery leads to more sustainable weight loss and better glycemic control compared with conservative medical treatment. Potential mechanisms mediating the improvement in glycemic control after bariatric surgery include changes in the levels of food intake, gastrointestinal hormones, bile acids as well as intestinal bacterial flora.

Objective_To explore the effect and the mechanism of isoflurane on human cardiac myocytes ( HCM) injury induced by anoxia/reoxygenation ( AR) .Methods_HCM cells were divided into control group ( con) , an-oxia/reoxygenation group (AR) and isoflurane (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%and 2%) treatment group (n=6).Cell via-bility, LDH activity, apoptosis and the expression level of Anoxia inducible factor-1α( HIF-1α) were detected using CCK-8 assay, LDH activity assay kit, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, PCR and western blot, respectively. Results_Compared with the con group, cell viability decreased, LDH activity and apoptosis cells increased in AR group.Isoflurane can significantly relieve the decrease of cell viability, the increase of LDH activity and apoptosis cells, and the down-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression level of HIF-1αinduced by AR ( P<0.05 ) . Compared with AR group, the mRNA and protein expression level of HIF-1αin siRNA transfected group signifi-cantly decreased (P<0.05).2%isoflurane significantly relieve the increase of cell viability, the decrease of LDH activity and apoptotic cells induced by HIF-siRNA in AR injuried HCM cells(P<0.05).Conclusions_Isoflurane can protect HCM cells from AR injury partly through up-regulate the expression of HIF-1α.

AIM:To investigate the process and advantages of wound repair at one stage after repair of nasal skin defect with bilobed flap.METHODS:Under local infiltration anesthesia,nasal skin defects were repaired by bilobed skin flaps.The normal skin around the defect was designed for bilobed island skin flaps.The maximum size of the flaps was 1.8 cm?2.5 cm,and the minimum size was 0.8 cm?1.0 cm.And then the flaps were transferred to repair the defects.The distances from incisions to margin of lesions were as follow:hemangioma was 0.2 cm,basal cell carcinoma was 0.5-0.7 cm,and melanoma was 1.0 cm.The depths of incisions reached superficial fascia layer.Complete hemostasis of wound was performed.RESULTS:Fifty of 92 patients were followed up for 6 months,and 42 of them were followed up for 12 months.In all patients,the nasal skin defects were repaired completely with primary healing.The color and texture of the flap were the samilar with the adjacent skin,and the nose contour and cosmetic results were satisfactory.CONCLUSION:Repair of bilobed island skin flap for nasal skin defeets was simple,and the efficacy was satisfactory.