Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) or intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is effective for esophageal carcinoma treatment. Compared with conventional radiotherapy, these high precision radiotherapies can significantly improve local control and overall survival. However, local recurrence is still the most common reason for treatment failure. To improve local control, increasing target dose alone is not sufficient, while concurrent chemoradiotherpy may enhance the treatment effect for esophageal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Embelia laeta. METHODS:TLC was adopted for the qualitative identification. HPLC was adopted for the content determination of embelin:the column was Waters C18 with mobile phase consisted of methanol-5%methanoic acid(90∶10,V/V)at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 288 nm,the column tem-perature was 40 ℃,nd the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The TLC of E. laeta showed clear spots and good separation. The linear range of embelin was 4.012-40.12 μg/ml(r=0.999 4);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 96.54%-99.57%(RSD=1.20%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The established standard can be used for the quality control of E. laeta.

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D) in rural populations. Methods CES-D was administered to 330 rural residents in Jinzhou and Zhuanghe district of Dalian city. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) was used as standards to assess the discriminant validity and criterion validity. Statistical analysis included Pearson's correlations and the exploratory factor analysis. Results The Cronbach α was 0.74,and the average item-total correlation was 0.59. Two factors were extracted by using exploratory factor analysis:affective and somatic symptoms and interpersonal problems. The range of factor loading was between 0.42 and 0.83. CES-D mean scores were significantly different between the depressive group (22.80±10.28) and non-depressive group (15.36±5.76. t =2.60,P =0.01). The correlation coefficient between CES-D and HAM-D was 0.50( P <0.01). Conclusion The reliability and validity of CES-D for rural populations is acceptable.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; genetics ; Leukocytes ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Survival Analysis

Objective To evaluate the treatment and apoptosis effect of adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV 1-tk) gene transference followed by administration of ganciclovir (GCV) and acyclovir (ACV) on ovarian epithelial cancer cells. Methods Recombinant adenovirus was amplificated and purified by routine method. The expression of HSV 1-tk gene was assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The efficiency of recombinant Advtk transference was evaluated. The cytotoxicity efficacy of TYK cells that carry HSV 1-tk gene was evaluated followed by GCV、ACV administration after the transference of Advtk. The changes and apoptosis of TYK cells that carry HSV 1-tk gene were observed by means of analysis of DNA fragmentation and electronic microscopy. Results Adenovirus was amplificated and purified in large amount. PCR assay showed 404 bp special band. When the multiplicities of infection (MOI) was 100, the transduction rate was 98 9%. The inhibition rates of TYK cells that carry HSV 1-tk gene increased with the increase of MOI when the same concentration of GCV、 ACV were given. When the MOI was same, the inhibition rates were also increased with the increase concentration of GCV、ACV. Apoptosis of TYK cells that carry HSV 1-tk gene after administration of GCV was observed by means of analysis of DNA fragmentation and electronic microscopy. Conclusions The HSV 1-tk gene can effectively transfered into TYK cells by recombinant replicated-deficient adenovirus vector, GCV、ACV can effectively kill TYK cells that carry HSV 1-tk gene in vitro. Apoptosis may be the mechanism of the killing effect.

Objective To investigate the proliferation and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induced by ovarian cancer cells transfected with a CD 80 gene containing retroviral vector Methods The ovarian cancer cell line TYK cells were transfected with retro virus vector PLXSN hCD 80 After geneticin (G418) selection, the CD 80 expression of the transfectants was confirmed by flow cytometry CTL was induced by co culture of CD 80 expressing TYK cells (TYK hCD 80 ) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence of anti CD 3 monoclonal antibody (McAb) Proliferation of PBMC was measured using 3?H Thymidine incorporation assay The lysis activity of CTL toward tumor cells was determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay Results After transfection and G418 selection, the CD 80 expression was proved by flow cytometry The highest rate of CD 80 expression was 84 9% The TYK cell line expressing high CD 80 was named TYK hCD 80 In the presence of anti CD 3 McAb,TYK hCD 80 significantly enhanced proliferation of PBMC than TYK cells ( 3H Thymidine incorporation, (40 604? 842) vs (8 000? 594) cpm ( P

Objective To analyze the clinical features and treatment and prognosis of Paget's diseases.Method 7 cases of Paget's disease of the extramammary have been encountered. Results 3 patients with groin matastases were died within 5 years, the patients without groin matastases were all surrived.Conclusions Surgery is the treatment of first choice for Paget's disease. Prognosis of patient with groin matastases is very poor.

Bis-(3′,5′) cyclic di-guanylate (c-di-GMP) is an almost ubiquitous intracellular second messenger in bacteria.Now it is known to regulate complex physiological processes, including mobility, adhesion, virulence and biofilm formation.The level of c-di-GMP is regulated by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) containing GGDEF domains and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) containing EAL or HD-GYP domains.Recent studies have demonstrated that HD-GYP domain protein is a novel phosphodiesterase, which is also involved in the regulation of c-di-GMP degradation.This review highlights recent advances in the structure and biochemical functions of HD-GYP domain proteins, which might help to further clarify the mechanism of c-di-GMP signal system.

7 cm in diameter)of the breast were treated in our hospital by lumpectomy via a periareolar incision.The length of the incision was less than half of the perimeter of the areola.For multiple fibroadenomas,circumareolar incision(not longer than half of the nipple-areolar perimeter)was made in different quadrants according to the position of the main tumor,so that the multiple benign tumors could be integrally removed through the approach between the hypodermic fat and glands via radial incisions.Similarly,giant benign tumors were treated through the same approach,cut into pieces,and then removed.Results Totally 165 tumors were removed from the 46 patients with multiple fibroadenomas.In the resected masses,19 were from one patient,who had bilateral multiple breast tumors.The 2 patients with giant breast fibroadenoma were also cured by lumpectomy,the diameter of the largest tumor in the two was 8 cm,while the circumareolar incisions were shorter than 3.5 cm.No nipple necrosis occurred after the operation in our series.Follow-up was achieved in all of the patients for 1 month to 2 years(mean,14.4 months),during which,11 cases showed no incision scar,26 had non-notable scars,9 cases developed observable incision scars,and 2 cases had apparent scars owing to their susceptibility to scar.Conclusions Lumpectomy via minor circumareolar incision is convenient and effective for multiple or giant benign fibroadenoma of the breast with good cosmetic outcomes.

Objective To retrospectively investigate the impact of postoperative radiotherapy ( RT) on the relationship between molecular subtype and survival in patients with breast cancer ( BC ) . Methods A total of 716 women who were admitted to our hospital in 2008 and newly received unilateral mastectomy were divided into Luminal A ( LA ) , Luminal B?HER?2?negative ( LB1 ) , Luminal B?HER?2?positive ( LB2) , HER?2 overexpression ( HER?2+) , triple?negative ( TN) , and unassigned subtypes according to the 2011 St. Gallen Consensus. The Cox model was used to analyze the differences in overall survival ( OS) and disease?free survival ( DFS ) rates between subtypes in all patients, RT group, or non?RT group. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to calculate OS and DFS rates. The Cox model was used to perform the factor analysis. Results In all patients, the median follow?up time was 71?4 months;the overall mortality rate was 10?5%;the incidence of treatment failure ( death+relapse+metastasis) was 14?9%;217 patients ( 30?3%) received RT. The multivariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in OS between subtypes in any group ( all P>0?05 ) . In all patients, patients with LB1 subtype or unassigned subtype had significantly poorer DFS rates than those with LA subtype ( HR= 1?881, P= 0?035;HR= 1?907, P=0?049) . In the non?RT group, patients with LB1 subtype had significantly poorer DFS rates than those with LA subtype (HR=3?324, P=0?01). In the RT group, there was no significant difference in DFS rate between subtypes ( all P>0?05) . The two?dimensional cross analyses of RT and subtype demonstrated that patients with LB1 subtype in the non?RT group had lower OS and DFS rates than patients with LA subtype in the RT group ( P=0?09,0?06) . Conclusions Patients with LB1 subtype have lower OS and DFS rates than patients with LA subtype, especially in the non?RT patients. RT has no impact on the relationship between subtype and prognosis.