Objective To analyse the differences between idiopathic and symptomatic childhood epilepsy with occipital patoxysms. Methods The medical records of 38 patients with interictal spikes and/or sharp waves over occipital areas,posterior temporal-parietal areas,or both were retrospectively analysed.Epidemiological data,ictal symptoms,electroencephalogram,neuroimaging studies,treatment response and prognosis were compared using chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results Four patients of idiopathic group had positive family history related to nervous system.Seizures were more frequent in symptomatic group than in idiopathic group.Both groups showed autonomic symptoms,while ictal vomiting and deviation of eyes were more common in the presence of Panayiotopoulos type.The prognosis of idiopathic group was much better than that of symptomatic group. Conclusion Panayiotopoulos syndrome is more common.Neurologic deficits and electroencephalographic characteristics are major factors to predict seizure remission in children with occipital lobe epilepsy.Idiopathic childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms may result in better prognosis.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreatitis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Prognosis

Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; classification ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology

Objective To explore the effect of the prenatal dexamethasone treatment on the preventionof wet lung syndrome in the newborn of elective caesarean section at term. Methods Two hundred cases of elective caesarean section at term (the gestation age was less than 39 weeks) were divided into observation group and control group,with 100 cases in each by random digits table. Observation group was treated with four intramuscular injections of 6 mg dexamethasone in the 24 hours to 7 days before delivery, and control group was treated with 0.9% sodium chloride injection with the same method. The clinical data and the incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn were collected. Results The incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn was 1%(1/100) in observation group and 9%(9/100) in control group,and the incidence of the severity of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn was 1% ( 1/100) in observation group and 2%(2/100) in control group. There were no complication in observation group and 1 case in control group.The incidence and the severity of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn in observation group were less than that in control group significantly (P = 0.009,0.049). Conclusion Prenatal dexamethasone treatment can reduce the incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn and decrease the incidence of the severity and complication of elective caesarean section at term.

Objective To distinguish primary CMV infection from reactivation or reinfection. Methods A urea denaturation test was included in the washstep of the standard IgG ELISA in 12 patients of age＜12 whose serum CMV-IgG were positive, avidity indexes of CMV-IgG were measured. Results Among children aged 1～12 years, the varieties of avidity indexes of CMV-IgG in A group(IgM negative and IgG positive) and B group(IgM positive and IgG positive) had the same trend. There was only one case in B group whose avidity index was under 30%, the other were all above 30%, and most were above 50%. But among 40 children aged 1～12 months,the avidity indexes were under 30% in 21 cases,8 cases were 30～50% ,and 11 cases were above 50%. The antibody avidity in 1～6 months children was influenced by their mothers lgG,80% (12/15) of 7 ～12 months children had low-avidity antibodies. Conclusion CMV infection mostly occurred among 1～12 months children. Urea denaturation test was an efficient method to distinguish primary CMV infection from reactivation or reinfection.

Objective To compare the differences in histological morphology and hemodynamics between benign and malignant tumor, as well as differences between the different perfusional regions in tumors of the same type. Methods Thirty cases with malignant breast carcinoma and 30 cases with fibroadenoma were inspected by contrast enhanced ultrasound with time-intensity quantitive analysis. Perfusion index like peak intensity(PI), area under the curve(AUC), time to peak(TTP) and wash-out time (WOT) were collected both inside and at the margin of focus. The ultrastructures of new microvessesl were observed routinely with microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results The curve of malignant tumor group was characterized as ascend rapidly and drop slowly while the benign group presented as ascend slowly and drop rapidly. The AUC and WOT of malignant tumor group were significantly higher than that of benign group,while the PI and TTP had no statistical difference. In malignant tumor group,PI, AUC and WOT of the margin of focus were significantly higher than that of inside region of focus,while TTP was the opposite. However,there was no statistical differences between the perfusion parameter inside and outside of focus in benign group. The ultrastructures of newly built blood vessels in malignant group had strong ability to split,which was different from normal endothelium cells but was similar to other tumor foci. The margin of foci were characterized with dilatating and distorting vessels,and the center of the foci were occupied by narrow,occlusive new vessels and contracted anamorphic endothelium cells and pericytes. Rich microvessel areas located in the margin of foci. Conclusions The perfusion pattern,modality of time-intensity curve, mean perfusion parameter and variance of regional perfusion parameters are valuable diagnostic basis in discriminating benign and malignant breast tumor. The density,modality,distribution,structure and function of new microvessels in tumor focus are also keystone factors when tumors are assessed by means of imaging.

Histocytological Preparation Techniques ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; methods ; Molecular Biology ; methods ; Staining and Labeling

Speeding up the training of quality personnel in clinical medicine is an important historic mission of clinicians. Practice has proven that the training, growth and maturity of quality clinical personnel are inseparable from clinical practice. Thus, firstly, clinical workers must, in accordance with the goals of training, rigorously enforce process management, including implementation of the training regulations, strict assessments, and cultivation of abilities in doing scientific research and writing up research papers. Secondly, the overall quality of postgraduates must be enhanced. Thirdly, files of postgraduates must be set up. Fourthly, experience in training academic degree postgraduates in clinical medicine should be constantly summed up, including ways of strengthening organization and control and clarifying goals and requirements

Objective To monitor the release of amino acids of the whole retina during and after experimental glaucoma by increasing the intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods Experimental glaucoma was induced in one of the two eyes of rabbits by increasing IOP at 120 mm Hg for 45 min under infusion of saline in anterior chamber;then the pressure was released and the needle inserted into the anterior chamber was removed,this state was maintained for another 45 min.Every 15 min during the experiment 5 rabbits were killed and experimental eyes were enucleated.Aliquots (20 ?l) of the retinal extracts (see below) were mixed with ophthaldialdehyde reagent and analysed for amino acid content by the HPLC method of Wangwei, using a 150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m C18 column. Results A large increase in the release of glutamate,but not of the other three amino acids monitored,occurred during initial experimental ocular hypertension.It reached peak value of (111.73?17.46) 10 -5 mmol/g at 15 min of hypertension.15 min after release of intraocular pressure,again,immediately large and specific increase in the concentration of glutamate was reached to (102.96?51.91) 10 -5 mmol/g.In eyes subjected to paracentesis of anterior chamber,no difference was found between experimental eyes and controls. Conclusion These results suggest that glutamate is triggered by increasing the IOP,and it releases not only during the period of experimental ocular hypertension,but also afterwards.

[Objective]To study the feasibility and significance of a safe arthroscopic entrance technique to posterior compartment of the knee joint.[Method]Exploratory surgery of posterior compartment of 239 knee joints was performed by arthroscope or its working instruments through the combined entrances of anteromedial,anterolateral,intercondylar notch,posteromedial,posterolateral and trans-septal.Their results were evaluated.[Result]With this technique,complete arthroscopic visualization of the posterior compartment of knee joint and arthroscopic procedures for this compartment could be easily performed in 216 cases(239 knees),except 5 cases with arthro-stiffness.There occurred 1 case of saphenous nerve injury but no complications such as injuries of popliteal neurovascular structures.[Conclusion]Combined entrances of posterior compartment of knee joint is a satisfactory approach for arthroscopic surgery of posterior compartment of knee joint and can give a high efficiency and quality of arthroscopic surgery for posterior compartment of knee joint.