Objective To investigate pathogenesy and therapeutic prospect of diabetes mellitus accompanied lower limb vascular lesion. Methods Relevant literatures of recent years were reviewed. Results Diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factor causing peripheral artery disease. The site of vascular lesion often occur in major blood vessel and micrangium. The arterial sclerosis and decreased blood supply in microcirculation are important factors of lower limb ischemia. Lower limb ischemia in patients with diabetes mellitus is a common complication. Medical treatment and surgical treatment are the methods to improve symptoms of the complication. Conclusion Surgical therapy is an effective method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus accompanied lower limb vascular lesion.

Objective To explore the diagnostic methods, therapy and the prognostic factors for the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA). Methods The clinical data of 23 patients (males 15, females 8, age range 35-78, mean age 65) with RAAA below the level of renal arteries, who were treated with surgery, were collected from April 1999 to December 2005 and were analyzed retrospectively. Seven cases had a history of RAAA, 6 cases had pulsating abdominal masses; 15 cases were diagnosed by emergency Doppler ultrasonic examination or CT. All of the patients underwent emergency surgical operation: The ruptures of the abdominal aorta below the level of renal arteries were obstructed by using clamp ring or using transluminal ballon according to conditions of each patient. The aritficial vascular graft was then taken after the control of hemorrhage. Results There were 9 (39%) patients died within 30 d after the emergency operation. The causes of death included acute renal failure because of hemorrhagic shock (4 cases), multiple organ failure (3 cases), and respiratory-circulatory failure (2 cases). Conclusion Surgery may be an effective treatment for RAAA. The critical step of the operation was to control hemorrhage by obstructing the proximal end of the aortic rupture according to the conditions of each patient. The main postoperative complications and causes of death include acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, renal failure and pneumonia.

Objective To study the changes of CPDA whole blood's shelf life after stored at non-4℃. Methods 200 ml whole blood was collected from each of 10 donors and anticoagulated by CPDA. Then 50 ml whole blood from each one was marked as control group, the rest was marked as test group. The blood of the control group was stored at 4℃ and RBC ATP concentration at the end of its shelf life served as critical ATP. The blood of the test group was stored at 10℃ for 24 hours, then it was transferred to 4℃ refrigeratory and continued to preserve. RBC ATP concentration were tested daily to ensure it eligible. When RBC ATP concentration decreased to the level of critical ATP, the time of preservation at 4℃ was blood's succeeding shelf life. Using the same method, the succeeding shelf life of CPDA whole blood after stored at different temperature for 48 to 72 hours was measured. Results The succeeding shelf life of CPDA whole blood did not obviously change after stored at non-4℃ for 24 hours, while it shortened dramaticly after stored at non-4℃ for more than 48 hours. The higher the temperature, the shorter the succeeding shelf life. Conclusion The results suggested that CPDA whole blood's succeeding shelf life should be adjusted after stored at non-4℃ for 24 to 72 hours to ensure the blood quality.

ObjectiveA comparison between intragate and ECG-respiration triggered techniques was performed to determine their differences in measuring the structure and function of the heart at 7.0 T.MethodsTen normal ICR mice aged five to six weeks were examined on a 7.0 T MR scanner.A central slice with papillary muscle included at the short-axis view was scanned with a FLASH-cine bright blood sequence,FLASH-cine black blood sequence,IG-FLASH-sat-cine black blood sequence,and IG-FLASH-cine bright blood sequence.The area of the left ventricle of the end systole and end diastole ( including and excluding the myocardium) was measured with manually outlined ROIs.The increased area of the left ventricle and the myocardium from the end systolic to end diastolic phases was calculated.The signal intensity was measured from 8 ROIs which were evenly located at the myocardium of the end systole,and the mean and standard deviation were then determined.The coefficient of variation ( CV ) was derived by dividing the mean into the standard deviation.ResultsThere was no significant difference ( the increased area of the myocardium t =0,P =1,the increased area of the left ventricle t =2.12,P =0.06) in the function index between the ECG-triggered black blood sequences [the increased area of the myocardium (0.100 ±0.018) cm2,the increased area of the left ventricle (0.060 ± 0.024) cm2] and intragate black blood sequences[the increased area of the myocardium (0.090 ± 0.014) cm2,the increased area of the left ventricle (0.060 ±0.012) cm2].No significant difference(the increased area of the myocardium t =1.56,P =0.15,the increased area of the left ventricle t =2.08,P =0.07 ) in the function index was observed between the ECG-triggered bright blood sequences [the increased area of the myocardium ( 0.100 ±0.018) cm2,the increased area of the left ventricle(0.060 ±0.014) cm2]and intragate bright blood sequences [the increased area of the myocardium (0.090 ±0.019) cm2,the increased area of the left ventricle (0.050 ±0.015) cm2].Furthermore,there was no significant difference(t =1,P =0.34) in the CV of the myocardium signal intensity of bright blood sequences between the ECG-triggering ( 0.050 ± 0.013 ) and intragate (0.040 ± 0.015 ),but significant difference ( t =4.51,P =0.001 ) in the CV of the myocardium signal intensity of black blood sequences between the ECG-triggering ( 0.070 ± 0.033 ) and intragate ( 0.160 ± 0.046 ) was obtained.ConclusionsThe intragate sequences could take the place of the ECG gate sequences in functional analysis of the heart( including bright blood and black blood sequences).The bright blood intragate sequences also could replace the bright blood ECG-triggered sequences in analyzing the signal of the myocardium.

Objective To determine the effectivity of 5-azacytidine(5-Aza) inducing the cardiomyogenic SCs were isolated and purified from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Some BMSCs were induced with 5-Aza,group Ⅰ was not induced with 5-Aza and the third generation of cells were used for the next experiment; group Ⅱ were cultured and induced with 5-Aza( 10 μmol/L) at the third day of the culture for 24 h; group Ⅲ were induced with 5-Aza( 10 μmol/L) for 24 h when the third generation of cell were fused; group Ⅳ were induced with 5-Aza( 10 μmol/L) for 24h at the third day of primary cuhure,which were induced with 5-Aza( 10 μmol/L) for 24 h before the third gener-phosis was found in the BMSCs among groups. CD34 was negatively expressed and CD29 and CD44 were positively gle 5-Aza inducing group(group Ⅲ ) was much higher than that in no 5-Aza inducing group( group Ⅰ ) [ MHC : (6. 82±2.05 ) % vs (3.61±1.14) % ], cTnI: (5.63±1.86) % vs (2.76±0.82) %, P < 0.05 ], but was significantly lower than the percentage in the double 5-Aza inducing group ( group Ⅳ ) [ MHC : ( 12.18±3.16) % vs ( 6.82±2. 05)% ] ,cTni:(9.93±2.79)% vs(5.63±1.86)% ,P<0.05]. Conclusions 5-Aza could promote the cardio-myogenic differentiation of BMSCs in a "Cardiac-like" Milieu. 5-Aza double induing is better than the single indu-cing.

Objective To explore the effects of 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on the pulmonary inflammation in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Method Controlled hemorrhagic shock in rats was induced to 40 mmHg MAP by blood withdrawal and maintained for 60 min. Animals were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups. In sham shock group ( n = 8), rats underwent cannulation without exsanquination or resuscitation and served as negative controls. In RL-resuscitated animals group ( n = 8), rats received 32 mL/kg RL (Ringers'lactate solution). In HSPTX group, rats received 4 mL/kg of 7.5% NaCl + 25 mg/kg of PTX.PaO2,pH,PaCO2, lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and lung penetrating index were determined, and the percentages of neutrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were measured. The tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin 1β(IL-1β) in BALF supernatant were determined by using ELISA method. Results Compared with RL group, PaO2 and pH of arterial blood more increased and PaCO2 of arterial blood more decreased in HSPTX group ( P ＜ 0. 01).The wet/dry lung weight ratio and the percertages of neutrophil in BALF were reduced in HSPTX group. The level of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 1β in HSPTX group were both more significantly decreased than those in RL group ( P ＜0.01). Conclusions Compared with RL group, the more attenuation of pulmonary inflammation in HSPTX group after shock is associated with less neutrophil activation and decrease in production of the irlammatory cytokines.

BACKGROUND: The c-fos gene is commonly expressed in neurons,which may act as one of the signs of activities and reflection of injured neural cells.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of hippocampal c-fos gene of rats with ischemic cerebral injury and the protective role of shenmai injection at the molecular level.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Histology and Embryology, Luzhou Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Department of Histology and Embryology, Luzhou Medical College from January to March 2002. Totally 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, ischemia group and treatment group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Bilateral common carotid arteries of rats in the ischemia and treatment groups were splinted for 30 minutes and reperfused for 1 hour to establish models of ischemic cerebral injury. Rats in the treatment group were injected with 2 mL/kg of shenmai (constituted with hongshen, dwarf lilyturf tuber and other Chinese herbal medicines) 30 minutes before ischemia. Rats in the ischemia group were not treated with any drugs, and rats in the control group were treated with sham operation but without splinting common carotid artery and giving any drugs. Hippocampal tissue of rats was obtained to make paraffin sections. In every group, one section from each rat was taken at random. Totally 100 neurons of every group were counted. Expression of c-fos gene in hippocampal neuron was observed according to the nuclear color of neurons (+++ as dark-brown mark;++ as brown mark; + as light brown mark; - as no brown mark).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: c-fos expression of hippocampal neurons of rats in each group.RESULTS: Totally 30 rats entered the final analysis. Expression of c-fos gene in hippocampal neurons was significantly more in the ischemia group than that in the control group (+++: 24/visions, 7/visions, P ＜ 0.05); but that in the treatment group was less than that in the ischemia group (+++:13/visions, 24/visions, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Shenmai injection can reduce the expression of c-fos gene in hippocampal neurons of rats with ischemic cerebral injury, and can protect neural cells of ischemic cerebral injured tissue.

BACKGROUND: Gentamicin bead chain is an effective drug delivery system for treatment of osteomyelitis, but it cannot be degraded, need to be removed by second operation, and can breed pathogens. As a result, biodegradable drug delivery systems become a hotspot. Nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate)-polyethylene glycol-gentamicin (nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS) is considered to be a good choice for the current predicament. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute or chronic toxic reactions of the whole body and local tissues, intracutaneous stimulation, cytotoxicity and hemolytic reactions after bone remodeling and implantation of nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS, thus providing a new kind of material for treating osteomyelitis. METHODS: Plastic nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS was prepared using plastic fibrin glue as microsphere scaffold and nano-HA as the core carrier of GM that was coated with PHBV and PEG. The acute, subacute/chronic toxicity, implantation, hemolysis, cytotoxicity and intracutaneous stimulation tests were performed according to the evaluated criteria of medical implanted materials as wel as biological and animal trials recommended in GB/T16886.1-1997. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The plastic nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS was nontoxic and caused no apparent changes in liver and kidney function and serum biochemical indexes. Pathological examination showed that the implanted material was covered with tissues, and inflammation changes accorded with the general regularity of inflammatory outcomes. After implantation, the nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS was biodegraded and replaced by osseous tissues. The hemolytic rate of the material extract to the composite diffusion solution was 1.2%, which was below the standard criteria (5%). Human bone marrow cells cultured in vitro with the plastic nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS grew normally with good morphology. There was no stimulation reaction according to the criteria after the diffusion solution was subcutaneously injected into the back of the animal. These findings indicate that the plastic nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS for treating osteomyelitis possesses excel ent biocompatibility and security.

BACKGROUND:Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is one of the most important factors of lumbar spinal stenosis, but the molecular mechanism is stil not very clear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of basic fibroblast growth factor, connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 in hypertrophy of the lumbar ligamentum flavum. METHODS: The ligamentum flavum samples were divided into three groups according to different diseases: control group (acquired from the patients with lumbar spinal canal tumor,n=6), lumbar disc herniation (LDH) group (acquired from the patients with LDH,n=6) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) group (acquired from the patients with LSS,n=6). Then the mRNA expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor β1 and colagen I, III, V of the ligamentum flavum were detected using real-time quantitative RT-PCR method. The roles of basic fibroblast growth factor, connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 were explored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in the LSS group was significantly higher than that in the LDH and control groups (bothP < 0.05); the expression of connective tissue growth factor mRNA was not found statisticaly different among the three groups, although it was slightly higher in the LSS group (P> 0.05); the expression of transforming growth factor β1 mRNA was significantly higher in the LSS group than in the LDH and control groups (bothP < 0.01). The colagen I mRNA expressed significantly higher in the LSS group than the LDH and control groups (bothP < 0.05), but both the colagen III and V mRNA showed no significant difference among the three groups (P> 0.05). This study indicate that both basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 play important roles in the formation process of the lumbar ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, and the main type of the colagen in the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum is colagen I.

0.05). Conclusions One mechanism of SF pretreatment cardioprotective effect is mediated by bradykinin. The combined use of SF and CP doesn′t result in significant improvement, and thenefore is not advocated.