Objective To evaluate the possibility for the treatment of chondral defects on the femoral bearing surface with autologous osteochondral transplantation under arthroscopy. Methods There were 17 patients with cartilaginous surface defects, including 12 males and 5 females. The average age of patients was 29 years ranging from 18 to 45 years. The defects were located at 10 left knees and 7 right knees. The functional status of patients were evaluated according to the Brittberg-Peterson scoring scale system, the results were average 80.65?9.69 points ranging from 65 to 105. 3 patients had no an obvious history of trauma, but suffered from the rheumatoid disease; however, the other 14 patients had been injured at the knee joint with pain and followed with muscle atrophy on the thigh. 3 patients experienced interlocking, and 2 had snapping in their knee joints. All the 14 patients with traumatic history had only solitary lesion, the area of local cartilaginous defects at the bearing surface of the lateral femoral condyle was of 2.5-3.0 cm2; the local defects of the other 3 patients were located at the medial femoral condyle with defect area of 2.0-2.5 cm2, which was diagnosed either as chondomalacia or corruption. The procedures of the mosaicoplasty consisted of harvesting osteochondral cylinders from non-weight bearing surface of the knee and then implanting the grafts into the cartilaginous defects under arthroscopy. Results All the patients were followed up for 10 to 20 months (mean, 15 months). The joint mobility recovered to nearly normal. According to the Brittberg-Peterson system, 14 patients had score of 0, and 3 had scores of 2-3 because of mild pain. The follow-up MRI showed adequate cartilaginous coverage in the original lesions and excellent position of the cylindrical osteochondral grafts. Conclusion The autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty is proved to have good and reliable clinical results for the cartilaginous defects in the knee bearing surface.

Objective To assess the effect of smoking and body mass index(BMI) on lung cancer incidence density in male workers.Methods Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in baseline were surveyed in 1974,1979 and 1980 for 5 137 men aged more than 18 years old from Beijing Capital Steel and Iron Company.Follow-up was carried out to 2001;all diseases were identified by uniform standard.Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the relationship between smoking,BMI and lung cancer.Results During mean follow-ups of 20.8 years,106 cases of lung cancer occurred.The crude incident rates of lung cancer were 102.2 cases per 100 000 person-years.After adjustment for age,BMI and other established risk factors,cigarettes consumption of greater than 20 cigarettes/day versus no smoking was associated with a relative risk of lung cancer of 3.45(95% confidence interval(CI): 1.58～7.53).In categories of BMI of less than 18.5(underweight),18.5～24.9(normal weight) and more than 25 kg/m2(overweight and obesity),adjusting for age and other covariables,all workers and smoking workers both showed decreasing tendencies in relative risks of lung cancer in higher BMI groups.The pattern was similar after excluding the early 5-year lung cancer patients.Grouping in smoking and BMI levels,compared with underweight smokers,the relative risks for lung cancer of normal-weight nonsmokers and nonsmokers with overweight and obesity,as well as smokers with overweight and obesity were 0.25(95% CI: 0.08～0.84),0.16(95% CI: 0.04～0.74) and 0.23(95% CI: 0.07～0.77),respectively.Smokers with underweight had higher risk for lung cancer.Conclusion Smoking and underweight increased the risk of lung cancer.Keeping normal weight and giving up tobacco were important for the prevention of lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effects of baicalein against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats. METHODS:I/R injury model was induced by Langendorff method. Isolated heart of 40 rats were randomly divided into nor-mal group(continuous perfusion),model group(perfusion withdrawal 20 min)and baicalein high,medium and low concentration groups (K-H solution of baicalein 40,10 and 2.5 μmol/ml 10 min before perfusion withdrawal). The myocardial infarction rate, the activity of creatine kinase(CK)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in coronary effluent liquid,SOD activity and MDA content, GSH/GSSG and apoptosis rate of cardiac muscle cell in myocardial tissue were detected. RESULTS:Compared with normal group, the myocardial infarction rate,apoptosis rate of cardiac muscle cell,the activities of CK and LDH and the content of MDA in myo-cardial tissue were increased in model group,while SOD activity and GSH/GSSG of myocardial tissue decreased(P<0.01). Com-pared with model group,the isolated myocardial infarction rate and the activities of CK and LDH in baicalein low and medium con-centration groups decreased,while SOD activity increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);apoptosis rate of cardiac muscle cell and the con-tent MDA of myocardial tissue decreased significantly in medium concentration group,while GSH/GSSG increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);those indicators had no significant change in high concentration group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Baicalein has cer-tain improvement effect on myocardial I/R injury in rats,and its mechanism may be associated with antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effect of baicalein.

The effect of 131I therapy for primary and metastatic lesions of thyroid carcinoma depends on the ability of iodine uptake.The loss or down-regulation of iodine-metabolizing genes represents dedifferentiation of DTC,which results in the disability to take up and accumulate 131I and eventually leads to radioiodine-refractory DTC (RR-DTC).The management of RR-DTC is extremely difficult and the prognosis is poor.It is important for the treatment and prognosis of RR-DTC to investigate the mechanism of redifferentiation.The up-regulation of thyroid iodine-metabolizing genes expression,inhibition of the changes in epigenetic modifications and intervention of the abnormal activation of signaling pathways are reviewed in this article.

ObjectiveTo study the feasibility of analyzing photosensitizers absorbing process by cells based on image processing technology.MethodsFluorescence images of Laryngeal cells were taken by inverted fluorescence microscope after adding photosensitizers for a certain time.Parameter L that reflects the fluorescence intensity of cells in different times was obtained and the calculation results were compared.ResultsThe fluorescence intensity of cells increased over time.Sobel operater and Otsu algorithm can both reflect the fluorescence intensity of images.ConclusionImage processing technology can effectively analyzes the process of photosensitizers absorbed by cells.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the role of carbon nanoparticles in the protection of parathyroid during thyroid carcinoma surgery. METHOD: Seventy-two patients with thyroid carcinoma who had initial surgery were randomly divided into two groups: carbon nanoparticles group and the control group. Emulsion of carbon nanoparticles was injected into the thyroid gland of carbon nanoparticles group patients. After thirty minutes,the excision of thyroid carcinoma and VI group neck dissection were performed in carbon nanoparticles group patients, the control group directly underwent operation. The black stained tissue in the dissection specimen of carbon nanoparticles group was separated. The number of total lymph node,metastasis lymph node and parathyroid gland in the tissure black stained or not in two groups were counted respectively. RESULTS: There were 312 lymph nodes in the black stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of carbon nanoparticles group. No parathyroid gland was found in the black stained tissue. Fifteen lymph nodes containing four parathyroid glands were found in the non black stained tissue in carbon nanoparticles group while there were 202 lymph nodes containing 13 parathyroid glands in the control group. There were statistical difference between the amount of lymph node in black stain tissue and the specimen of the control group. Parathyroid glands were not stained black,and no parathyroid gland was found in the black-stained tissue. CONCLUSION The carbon nanoparticles could be used to identify the lymph node and the parathyroid gland for protecting the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.
Carbon ; Carcinoma ; Coloring Agents ; Dissection ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Nanoparticles ; Neck Dissection ; Parathyroid Glands ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of duloxetine in the treatment of malignant neuropathic pain with depression.Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups as study group(30 cases) and contrdl group(30 cases) and treated for 4 weeks.The patients of study group were treated with duloxetine and oxycontin,and the patients of control group were treated with oxycontin only.Numberical rating scale (NRS) on pain,criteria of pain relief and Hamilton depression scale(HAMD,17 items) score were used to assess the therapeutic effect before and after treatment.Results By the end of the fourth week of treatment,the average usage of oxycontin of the study group was significantly less than control group((45.6±8.5) mg vs (88.2±5.2)mg,P＜0.05).The effective rate of pain relief in the study group was significantly higher than that in control group (93.3％ vs 73.3％,P＜0.05).Comparing pre-treatment,the score of HAMD of the study group had a remarkable decrease ((11.45±4.56) vs (23.07±5.47),P＜0.01).In comparison to the score of control group,study group had a significant effect ((11.45±4.56) vs (18.75±4.21),P＜0.01).Conclusion Duloxetine is one of effective agents in the treatment of malignant neuropathic pain with depression,which can alleviate depression and relieve pain.Duloxetine have mild adverse effects and good tolerance.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of ulinastatin (UTI) on ischemiareperfusion injury of donor lungs,and the possible mechanism.Method Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:group C as control group and group U as UTI group.In group C donor lungs were antegradely flushed with 20 ml of cold (4 C) low potassium dextron (LPD) solution and 5 ml retrogradely.Meanwhile,in group U,UTI (500 000 U/L) was added in LPD solution and the same doses were used.According to the time after initiation of reperfusion,each group was divided into two subgroups:30 min (subgroup A) and 1 h (subgroup B).Arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis.Lung samples were obtained at the end of reperfusion (30 min or 1 h).Microscopic examination of the donor lungs was conducted.Besides,the pulmonary water index (W/D),tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content,and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a),intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were also measured.Results (1) One h after reperfusion,oxygenation index in group U was higher than that in group C (P =0.025) ; (2) The levels of W/D in subgroup A and subgroup B of group U were decreased as compared with group C (P =0.005 and P =0.006) ; (3)The microscopic changes of donor lung tissues in group U were lessen than in group C; (4) In subgroup A of group U,MDA content was decreased (P=0.039),and SOD content was increased (P=0.035),and similar results could be observed in subgroup B of group U (P =0.006 and P =0.030 respectively); (5) As compared with group C,the mRNA expression of TNF-α in group U was decreased at the time of 30 min after reperfusion (P =0.000),but no significant change was found at the time of 1 h (P =0.139).The mRNA expression of ICAM-1 was not decreased evidently at the time of 30 min (P=0.062),but significantly decreased at the time of 1 h (P=0.001).The mRNA expression of IL-10 was increased in subgroups A and B (P =0.004 and P =0.000 respectively).Conclusion This study demonstrated that UTI had protective effects of reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury on the donor lungs after lung transplantation in rat non-heart beating donor models.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data cohort of China multicenter collaborative study of cardiovascular epidemiology in 2007-2008. A total of 7227 participants were enrolled including 3304 male and 3923 female at the mean age of (55.6±7.1) years. Tea drinking information was collected by questionnaire; participants were stratified by gender and grouped by regular tea drinking. Relationship between tea drinking and blood lipids, lipoprotein levels were assessed by covariance analysis. Results: There were 3012/7227 (41.7%) participants (male: 58.9% and female: 27.2%) regularly drunk tea. With adjusted age, urban and rural, education level, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index (BMI), daily red meat intake, physical work intensity, exercise intensity, histories of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, in male gender, compared with non-regular tea drinker, regular tea drinker had decreased blood level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the difference was -0.12 mmol/L, P=0.0001 and increased triglyceride (TG), the difference was 0.11 mmol/L, P=0.0001; in female gender, regular tea drinker showed increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the difference was 0.06 mmol/L, P<0.0001. Conclusion: In our research, regular tea drinking was negatively related to blood LDL-C level and positively related to TG in male gender, while it was positively related to HDL-C in female gender; the above correlations were independent from possible influencing factors. The impact of long term regular tea drinking on blood lipids and lipoprotein levels should be further prospectively investigated in community based middle and aged population.

From 2006 to 2010,381 national or provincial projects were granted to Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese CDC).According to the development plan of key dsciplines made by Chinese CDC, this study stratified the granted projects and analyzed their distribution in the four units (including 37 subunits),namely,infection disease,health,chronic disease and general technology platform. The results indicated that most of the important topics proposed by our center received financial support from the government,and the supported projects were mostly in the field of infectious disease and health.The results also revealed that the key projects proposed by Chinese CDC meet the practical requirements of disease control,and those projects covered the key scientific topics and key technologies.Meanwhile,the result reflected that Chinese CDC is very competitive as far as scientific research is concerned,but the research structure is not balanced among the 4 units.