Objective To study the diagnostic value of detecting pre-albumin,albumin and protein electrophoresis in the serum of patients with fever of unknown origin.Methods Serum pre-albumin,albumin and protein electrophoresis were detected in 86 patients with fever of unknown origin and 26 controls.Results The level of albumin and pre-albumin in fever of unknown origin group was lower than that of control group(P

Objective To study the relationship between the ultrastructural changes of corneal matrix collagen fibrils diameter and the postmortem interval.Methods Twenty-eight rabbits were killed by the method of air embolism and the samples of cornea were separately cut down in 0,6,12,18,24,48 and 72h after death.The ultrastructure of the collagen diameter was observed by transmission electro microscopy(TEM)and the 4 parameters of area(Y1),perimeter(Y2),average-diameter(Y3)and mean-diameter(Y4)were measured by a computer image technique and analyzed by Excel 2000 and SPSS 10.0 software.Results The 4 parameters of Y1,Y2,Y3 and Y4 were respectively increased from 1 131?53nm to 1 628?26nm,from 132.8?23nm to167.5nm,from 38nm to 45nm and from 37.71?6nm to 44.89?5nm within 72 hours after the death.Conclusion The corneal matrix collagen diameter increase regularly with the postmortem interval in 72h after death,and the parameters of Y1,Y2,Y3 and Y4 could be used as a new reference mark for timing the postmortem interval after death.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

Objective To establish heterologous expression system of Na+-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) gene.Methods Human SGLT2 cDNA from normal kidney, generated by RT-PCR,was subclonedintoPEXL-GFP vector andtransfectedinto HEK293cells. After 24hours of incubation, the expression of SGLT2-GFP fusion protein was detected by Western blotting and laser confocal microscopy.Transport activity of SGLT2-GFP fusion proteins in cultured human HEK293 cells was evaluated with the uptake test of glucose analogue.ResultsSGLT2-GFP fusion protein was expressed in cultured human HEK293 cells.Furthermore, confocal microscopy using green fluorescent protein(GFP) revealed a punctate membrane pattern of SGLT2.Glucose analogue uptake increased in HEK293 cells transfected with SGLT2-GFP at least by 3.5 folds compared with HEK293 cells transfected with GFP vector only(P＜0.01).Conclusion Heterologous expression of SGLT2 gene in HEK293 cells is successfully established, which provides valuable approach for the functional and pathological study of SGLT2 gene.

Objective:To define more information for familial hematuria by genetic screening in a pedigree with familial hematuria.Methods:This was a 4 generation pedigree included 20 family members. The clinical data and laboratory manifestations of the family members were reviewed and collected from medical records. Meanwhile, the peripheral blood samples of 11 family members of the pedigree were collected, and then DNA samples were extracted by salting out method for genetic analysis. For genetic analysis, firstly, three family members including the proband were selected for whole exome sequencing, and the genetic variations were screened according to the sequence variation interpretation guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) for diagnostic sequence interpretation. Then PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to verify the identified pathogenic variants in all family members in the pedigree.Results:In the pedigree, 6 female members had persistent hematuria. Among them, 2 died due to end-stage renal disease, 2 died due to non-renal diseases, and 2 maintained stable renal function. One of the two members with stable renal function was diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy. Moreover, diffuse basement membrane lesions were identified in her renal biopsy sample after the electron microscope examination, which resulted in the suspected diagnosis of Alport syndrome. Genetic testing in this pedigree revealed two novel mutations in COL4A4 gene (NM_000092), c.G446T:p.G149V in exon 7 and c.G1249A:p.G417R in exon 20. Conclusion:Two novel mutations of COL4A4 gene (c.G446T:p.G149V in exon 7 and c.G1249A:p.G417R in exon 20) in a hematuria pedigree are related with phenotype of familial hematuria.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the rhizomas of Smilax glauco-china Warb.METHODS The n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract of S.glauco-china was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and identified as phenethanol-β-D-gentiobioside (1),2-phenylethyl-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 →6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),phenylethyl D-rutinoside (3),phenylethyl β-D-glucoside (4),hydrangeifolin Ⅰ (5),icariside D1 (6),calophymembranside B (7),2-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6 → 1)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8),β-sitosterol (9),daucosterol (10).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

AIM To study the cancer promoting effects of N nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and 2 Acetylaminofluorene (2 AAF). METHODS Medium Term Rat Liver Bioassay (MTRLB). Male SD rats were initially given a single dose (200 mg?kg -1 ) of DEN ip and starting 2 weeks later, were treated with 10, 33 and 100 ppm DEN in drinking water, or with 2 2, 6 6 and 22 mg?kg -1 2 AAF by gavage for 6 weeks. All rats were subjected to two thirds partial hepatectomy at week 3 and killed at the end of week 8. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the numbers and areas in induced glutathione S transferase placental form (GST P) positive foci in the liver with those of corresponding control group given DEN alone. RESULTS Both DEN and 2 AAF caused the increases of the numbers and areas of GST P positive foci in the liver, and showed dose response relationship. CONCLUSION Both DEN and 2 AAF shows cancer promoting effects, and MTRLB was a convenient, economical and effective tool to study the cancer promoting effects of test chemicals.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of gemifloxacin tablet in healthy Chinese volunteers and to provide evidences for optimal clinical dosing.MethodsTwenty volunteers were enrolled in the randomized (1∶1) double-blind study,and divided into administration group and control group.Each group received multiple oral doses of 320 mg of gemifloxacin tablet or placebo.The plasma and urine samples for gemifloxacin were analyzed by igh-performance liquid chromatogram(HPLC)-fluorometricmethod. Theminimuminhibition concentrations (MIC)of gemifloxacin against190clinical isolateswere determinedby broth microdilution method.The fAUC0～24 h/MIC and fCmax/MIC,with target value of 25 and 5,were used as the indices to evaluate PK and PD characteristics of gemifloxacin. The cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of gemifloxacin against each bacterium and the probability of target attainment (PTA) under various MIC level were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation following multiple administration at steady state.ResultsThe Cmax of gemifloxacin after once-daily oral doses for 7 days were (1.55 ±0.32) μg/mL and (1.57±0.31) μg/mL for the first and last dose,while the AUC0～24 h were (7.91±1.52) and (8.91±1.15) h · μg · mL-1,respectively.The accumulation factor was 1.13±0.05.The time-profile of gemifloxacin could be described using two-compartment model and the half-life of distribution and elimination phase were (0.64 ± 0.17) and (7.10 ± 2.10) h,respectively. The cumulative urinary excretion rates within 24 h of gemifloxacin were 34.83 ％ and 38.95 ％ for the first and the last dose,respectively.PD study showed that the MIC90 of gemifloxacin were 0.25 mg/L and 0.125 mg/L against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxelle catarrhalis,respectively,while the MIC90 was 2 mg/L against Hemophilus influenza. However,most of Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were resistant to gemifloxacin ( MIC90 ＞ 32mg/L).The PTA values of fAUC0～24 h/MIC and fCmax/MIC of gemifloxacin 320 mg daily for 7 days were close to 100％ when MIC was ≤0.06 mg/L.ConclusionsGemifloxacin is rapidly absorbed after oral administration of single doses in healthy Chinese volunteers,and the plasma concentration could reach steady state at the third day,while a minimal accumulation is shown after consecutive 7 days dosing.The PK/PD analysis suggests that the favorable clinical and bacteriological efficacy could be obtained when using thisregimen in treatment of sensitive patients with community-acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective To establish Ad-hLIF transgenic feeder cells for the expansion of umbilical cord blood CD34+ HSPC in vitro and study the SCID mice model of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation. Methods The expression of objective gene in Ad-hLIF transgenic feeder cells was detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. The purity of umbilical cord blood CD34+ HSPC separated by magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS) was detected by the flow cytometry. After expanded with various combinant of cytokines and transgenic feeder layer cells for 28 d, the quantity of mono-nuclear cell (MNC) and CD34+ cells rate was detected in different time. MNC after expansion stained by CFDA SE was injected to the sublethally irradiated SCID mice. Humanize gene Alu was detected by RT-PCR and fluorescence microscope. Results The green fluorescence was observed in the transgenic cells infected with 50MOI( multiplicity of infection) Ad-hLIF, and the objective gene was confirmed by RT-PCR and ELISA. The purity of umbilical cord blood CD34+ HSPC separated by MACS could reach 95.60% ±2.58%, Ad-hLIF transgenic feeder cells and various cytokines system increased MNC by 356.95±0.87 fold, and maximal expansion of CD34+ cells was observed during 0-14 d of culture, then down-expansion gradually. Four weeks after transplanted in SCID mice, fluorescently-labeled humanize cells still can be observed. The existence of the humanized gene Alu was confirmed by RT-PCR. Conclusion Ad-hLIF transgenic feeder cells can effectively proliferate umbilical cord blood CD34+ HSPC in vitro and delay it differentiate, what's more, it has high transplant efficacy and haematogenesis activity.