Many studies have shown that experimental umbilical cord blood stem calls are even more primitive, more self-renewal, differentiation and reproductive potential of ex vivo expansion than bone marrow stem cells and peripheral blood stem calls. The preservation of cord blood stem cells and umbilical cord blood transplantation, and other clinical applications have made significant progress, but blood is also facing many problems. This article reviewed a variety of cord blood stem/progenitor calls of the biological characteristics of liver calls proliferation, differentiation, and the building of umbilical cord blood bank of neurology in clinical application.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of the cognition training on aphasia after stroke. Methods60 patients with aphasia and cognition functional impairment after stroke were divided into 2 groups. The control group received comprehensive treatment, including speech therapy, while the treatment group accepted cognitive functional training in addition. They were assessed with the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment Battery (LOTCA) and China Rehabilitation Research Center Aphasia Examination (CRRCAE) before and after training. ResultsThe scores of LOTCA (P<0.05) and the CRRCAE (P<0.0001) improved in treatment group compared with the control group after training. ConclusionThe cognition functional training above the aphasia functional training facilitates the recovery of aphasia in patients with aphasia and cognition disorder after stroke.

0.05).Conclusions There is a high incidence of the plaque in ECCA in patients with ICVD. The higher-grade stenosis of carotid artery may be related to soft plaque and mixed plaque, the plaque rupture is concerned with in the incidence of ischemic stroke. The diagnostic information about atherosclerotic plaque in one carotid artery can be used to infer information about atherosclerosis severity degree in contralateral artery.Color-Doppler ultrasound examination for ECCA had important reference value for estimating atherosclerosis severity degree in ECCA in patients with ICVD of carotid artery system and the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different doses of aspirin on the platelet inhibition rate by thremboelastography.Methods One hundred and eighty patients with ischemic stroke or transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA) were randomly divided into aspirin 100 mg/d group (60 patients),aspirin 200 mg/d group (60 patients) and aspirin 300 mg/d group (60 patients) according to the order of treatment.The platelet inhibition rate which arachidonic acid pathway induced was measured by thromboelastography and compared at different time points (before medication; 7 days,6 months,1 year after medication).Results There were significant differences in the platelet inhibition rate after medication at different time points compared with that before medication in three groups (P ＜ 0.05).After medication at different time points,the platelet inhibition rate of aspirin 100 mg/d group and aspirin 200 mg/d group was gradually decreasing.On the contrary,that of the aspirin 300 mg/d group showed gradually increasing.Cross-sectional comparison of the three groups at different time points showed that there was no significant difference in the platelet inhibition rate among three groups before medication,7 days,6 months after medication (P ＞ 0.05).However,there was significant difference at 1 year after medication (P ＜ 0.05).The platelet inhibition rate inaspirin 300 mg/d group [(93.8 ± 18.6)％] was higher than that in aspirin 200 mg/d group [(83.7 ± 11.2)％]and aspirin 100 mg/d group [(76.6 ± 12.8)％] (P ＜ 0.05).During medication there were 9 patients of less than 50％ platelet inhibition rate in aspirin 100 mg/d group,5 patients in aspirin 200 mg/d group,3 patients in aspirin 300 mg/d group,and 2 patients of peptic ulcer bleeding in aspirin 300 mg/d group.Conclusions The appropriate dose of aspirin (100,200,300 mg/d) can play a very good anti-platelet effect.Increasing the dose on the basis of 100 mg/d,the platelet inhibition rate shows no increase in the short-term (≤6 months),but in the long-term (1 year) there may be differences.It may be associated with less aspirin resistance and the relative increasing bleeding risk.

Objective To observe the effect of low frequency electrical stimulation on dysphagia after stroke. Methods 60 patients with dysphagia after stroke were divided into treatment group and control group with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with swallowing exercise, while the treatment group was treated with low frequency electrical stimulation in addition. They were assessed with Fujishima's swallowing evaluation before and after treatment. Results The score increased after treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and increased more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Low frequency electrical stimulation can improve the effects of swallowing exercise on dysphagia after stroke.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) hold the potential of differentiating into osteoclasts. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) may inhibit the differentiation of BM-MNCs into osteoclasts and it is expected to become a new drug for the treatment of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of PSP on the differentiation of mouse BM-MNCs into osteoclasts induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and bone resorption in vivo. METHODS: Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages cultured in vitro, the effect of macrophage colony stimulating factor and PSP (5, 10, 20, 40, 80,160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560 mg/L) on the proliferation of mouse BM-MNCs was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay to determine the PSP concentration range; the mouse BMMs were cultured and induced in DMEM medium containing macrophage colony stimulating factor, RANKL and 5, 10, 20, 40, 80,160, 320, 640 mg/L PSP, respectively; those cultured without PSP served as control group. The morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope.; the number of osteoclasts was detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; the mRNA expression levels of osteoclast-related genes including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. A mouse model of calvarial osteolysis induced by lipopolysaccharide was established to receive PSP intervention, and then micro CT scanning, three-dimensional reconstruction and relevants software were used for quantitative analysis of bone volume/volume percentage, trabecular number, trabecular bone spacing and thickness. The number of osteoclasts was identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and quantitative analysis of bone resorption area was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the concentration of PSP below 640 mg/L showed no significant effect on the proliferation of BMMs (P > 0.05). Different concentrations of PSP (40-640 mg/L) significantly reduced the number of osteoclasts, osteoclast differentiation and maturation, and the mRNA expression levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 TRAP, MMP-9, CtsK and NFATc1 (P < 0.05). Compared with lipopolysaccharide, PSP could effectively alleviate the lipopolysaccharide-induced calvarial osteolysis, and the bone volume/volume percentage, trabecular number, and trabecular bone spacing were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); additionally, the number of osteoclasts and the area of bone resorption were decreased significantly (P < 0.01). To conclude, PSP can inhibit the differentiation and maturation of mouse BMMs to osteoclasts and alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced calvarial osteolysis.

BACKGROUND:Our previous studies have found that polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (BMSCs) by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, but the molecular mechanism is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of PSP promoting the osteogenic differentiation via Wnt signaling pathways in BMSCs after LRP5 silencing. METHODS:LRP5 interference vectors were constructed and then transfected into C57BL/6 mouse BMSCs cultured in vitro. The transfection efficiency of cel s was calculated under fluorescence inverted microscope and the expression of LRP5 protein was detected by western blot assay. The osteogenic potential of BMSCs after LRP5-siRNA transfection was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining and western blot assay. Effect of PSP on the osteogenic differentiation of LIRP5-silenced mouse BMSCs was detected by real-time PCR and dual luciferase assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the mineralization ability, the mRNA expressions of Runx2 and Osterix, and the protein expression of LRP5 were significantly decreased in the LRP5-siRNA group (P<0.05). PSP could promote LRP5-siRNA transfected mouse BMSCs differentiating into osteoblasts and significantly upregulated the expressions ofβ-catenin and Osterixin, and also induced the high expression of luciferase reporter gene (TOPFlash) containing wild type TCF binding sites (P<0.05). To conclude, LRP5 plays an important role in the process of mouse BMSCs differentiating into osteoblasts. PSP can promote the osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway independent on LRP5.

Objective To analyze characteristics and clinical significance of affected and unaffected side plaques in patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA) atherosclerosis by three dimensional-sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolutions (3D-SPACE) of 3.0 T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods During the period from September 2016 to June 2017,31 patients admitted to the Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine were enrolled in this study.Routine MRI and high-resolution MRI were performed respectively.Patient's affected and unaffected sides were distinguished based on the conventional MRI on the presence or absence of signs of ischemia.The characteristics of bilateral MCA plaques were studied by high-resolution MRI 3D-SPACE sequences.The stenosis rate,plaque load,eccentricity index were quantitatively analyzed,and the degree of plaque enhancement and remodeling were qualitatively analyzed.Results Thirty-one MCAs in affected and unaffected sides were respectively collected,and 124 MCA plaques and reference plane images were obtained.Among all the patients,tihe MCA in unaffected side was larger in lumen area and had atherosclerotic plaques,and some MCAs had varying degrees of thickening of the wall.The stenosis rate,plaque burden and significantly enhanced plaque proportion of MCA in affected side were significantly higher than those in unaffected side (stenosis rate:76.2％ ± 11.5％ vs 51.7％ ± 13.1％,t =7.801,P＜0.01;plaque burden:81.6％ ±8.0％ vs 56.7％ ±13.9％,t =8.614,P＜0.01;significantly enhanced plaque proportion:50.0％ (13/26) vs 0 (0/26),x2 =17.333,P＜ 0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in plaque distribution between the two sides.Positive remodeling blood vessels had more vessel area than negative remodeling blood vessels ((13.8 ± 2.9) mm2 vs (11.3 ± 2.8)mm2,t =2.389,P =0.024).Conclusion The high resolution MRI 3D-SPACE sequence clearly shows the MCA wall and plague,and can analyze the enhancement degree and morphological features of affected and unaffected side atherosclerotic plaques simultaneously,thus it is beneficial for risk stratification assessment and individualized treatment for stroke Patients in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the application value of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) as an auxiliary means to evaluate the atherosclerotic stenosis of middle cerebral artery (MCA) before endovascular intervention.Methods Patients with the new infarction or transient ischemic attack in the MCA territories were examined with HR-MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA).HR-MRI was used to study the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques of MCA,qualitatively analyze vascular stenosis rate and plaque load,and qualitatively analyze the plaque location,enhancement degree,and remodeling pattern.The results of HR-MRI examination were used to guide the selection of treatment methods,and the perioperative complications and 3-month outcome of patients treated with intravascular interventional therapy were statistically analyzed.Correlation analysis and consistent evaluation of MCA stenosis rate and stenosis degree measured by DSA and HR-MRI were conducted.Results Atherosclerotic plaques and luminal stenosis in the MCA were found in 25 patients.Among them,13 (52.0％) had positive remodeling,10 (40.0％) had negative remodeling,and 8 (32.0％) had plaques on the sides of perforator arteries.Of the 17 patients who underwent enhanced scan,11 (64.7％) had mild enhancement and 6 (36.3％) had obvious enhancement.Six patients (24％) were treated with endovascular treatment without perioperative complications.Five patients had good outcome and 1 had poor outcome.The stenosis rates of MCA measured by DSA and HR-MRI were 68.05％ ± 21.65％ and 70.9％ ± 20.7％,respectively (t =1.673,P=0.107).The two methods had good correlation (r=0.917,P＜ 0.001).In addition,in the diagnosis of mild (P =0.500),moderate (P =0.063) and severe (P =0.250) stenoses,DSA and HR-MRI also had good consistency.Conclusion HR-MRI can clearly show the characteristics of the middle cerebral artery lumen and plaque.As a preoperative evaluation means for assisted endovascular treatment of atherosclerotic stenosis,it has an important application value.

Objective To study the risk of bloodstream infection in relation with peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) in hospitalized non-cancer patients.Methods Clinical data of 172 non-cancer patients admitted to our hospital for PICC were collected.The risk of PICC-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in domestic hospitalized non-cancer patients was analyzed and systematically assessed.Results Of the 183 PICCs placed in 172 patients included in this study,61.7％ were placed in general wards,38.3％ were placed in ICU,87.8％ were placed in combination with indwelling urinary catheter,29.7％ were placed in combination with mechanical ventilation.The median PICC indwelling time was 35 days.CRBSI occurred in 6 patients with an incidence of 0.6/1000 PICCs/day.The risk of CRBSI was centralized in domestic tumor patients after PICC.The reported CRBSI was significantly different in hospitalized non-cancer patients (0.26-33.10/100 PICC).Conclusion The risk of CRBSI is lower in hospitalized patients after PICC placement than after traditional central venous catheter placement.Further studies are needed to assess its value in ICU.