By establishing experimental modal of laryngeal allograft,the short-term histopathological changes of liver and kidney in Cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated rats receiving laryn- geal allograft were observed.The animals were divided into 3 groups.Group 1 was given CsA 15 mg?kg~(-1)/d by daily intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks,Group 2 received CsA 25 mg?kg~(-1)/d, and the third group without CsA treatment served as control.All of recipients were sacrificed 14 days after transplantation.Histological examination showed that CsA nephrotoxicity was charac- terized by abundant vacuolation of the proximal tubular epithelium cells,hyaline regeneration of arterioles with thickening of vascular wall,and striped interstitial fibrosis and its hepatotoxicity by fatty degeneration with mild hyperplasia of Kupffer's cells and focal necrosis of hepatocytes. Histopathological changes of CsA-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity of the recipients were closely correlated to the dosage of CsA received.

A rat model of laryngeal allotransplantation was established by employing an end- to-side anastomosis of donor bilateral common carotid arteries to recipient common carotid artery and external jugular vein separatively.Thirteen allotransplants were performed in 26 SD rats.All recipients survived.Three days after the operation,a visible fibrinous adherence was observed around the laryngeal grafts.By the 7th day,the adherence became intensified.The airway was plugged with mucoid material,and the viable grafts were surrounded by connective tissues.Our results confirmed that the rat model was practicable for laryngeal allograft.Besides the difference of the major histocompatibility between the donor and recipient,the skill of microsurgery,the prevention of infections and the methods of donor organ flushing are all vital to a successful trans- plantation.

Objective To study the different biomechanics surgical effects of posterolateral fusion , the transverse fusion and the interbody fusion. Method Scan CT was followed with preprocess of images. The Mimics , HyperMesh and Geomagic Studio Reverse engineering softwares were used to establish the modles of lumbar fusion , then the finite element computation was conducted by using the Abaqus finite element software. Result The EF of each lumbar modle was established , the EF of the interbody fusionwas rised evidently. After the fusion , the stress of the adjacent lumbar were also rised, among them the stress of the upper adjacent segment in tnterbody fusion was the most in extension and rotation , with statistical significance ( P < 0 . 05 ) . In the antexion the stress of the transverse fusion was the most, and the new type of posterolateral fusion least, three of them all hadstatistical significance (P<0.05). In the lateral flexion, they had no statistical significance (P>0.05). About the under adjacent sengment, in the extension and antexion, the stress of the interbody fusion was the most, and the new type of posterolateral fusion was the least, the three of them all haved statistical significance (P<0.05, respectively). In the rotation and lateral flexion, with no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion After the fusion, the EF of the lumbar and the stress of the lumbar disc are all established, the interbody fusion is most, while the others are lower.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the neurolinguistic features of a Chinese patient with pure alexia in acute and convalescent stages.

METHODSWe assessed the reading and writing abilities of the patient with the Aphasia Battery of Chinese (ABC), the reading examination of Chinese characters (1999, Lin) and the Chinese agraphia battery (CAB).

RESULTSIn the ABC examination in the acute phase, the patient performed well in oral expression and comprehension, and the prominent linguistic abnormalities were alexia and merging agraphia; in the convalescent phase, the recovery of alexia was better than that of agraphia. In reading examination of Chinese characters, shape errors were the main reading disorders in the acute phase with a few semantic errors, regularization errors and mistakes in pronunciation, but only shape errors reappeared in the recovery period. CAB examination showed impairment of writing for pictures and dictation abilities in the recovery period but recovery of other writing abilities. The writing disorder was manifested as aphasic agraphia, with obvious dysorthography and lexical errors; the patient was capable of spontaneous writing only after spontaneous speech, and was able to read the written words.

CONCLUSIONThe linguistic components of the Chinese patient with pure alexia showed different patterns of damage and recovery, suggesting the difference in their respective neuropsychological pathways.

Alexia, Pure ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Recovery of Function ; Speech

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the character of 80 Hz auditory steady-state evoked potentials in auditory neuropathy (AN) patients and the correlation between it and ABR. METHOD: The 80 Hz auditory steady-state evoked potentials and ABR to 95 dBnHL (1000 Hz) tone-pip stimuli were recorded from the scalp in patients with AN and normal subjects. The difference of the waveforms between AN ears and normal ears was compared. RESULT: In 85.4% AN ears the 80 Hz auditory steady-state evoked potentials and ABR were simultaneously present. Their amplitudes were low or extremely low. The I and III waves of ABR were absent. The 80 Hz auditory steady-state evoked potentials and ABR were simultaneously absent, in 14.6% AN ears, but were present in all normal ears. CONCLUSION The 80 Hz auditory steady-state evoked potentials and the V wave of ABR may come from the same brainstem sources.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Audiometry, Evoked Response ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Auditory Threshold ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic variant of a patient with desminopathy manifesting with atypical symptoms. METHODS: A patient who was admitted to the Department of Neurology of Jing'an District Central Hospital on February 24, 2021 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data, laboratory tests, muscle pathology, muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic testing of the patient were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The patient had developed myalgia after lower limb activity, and gradually developed asymmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy of the lower limbs. Cardiac examination revealed atrioventricular block and decreased left ventricular diastolic function. Muscle MRI showed that semitendinosus, sartorius, gracilis, fibula, gastronemius and supinator muscles were selectively involved at the early stage. Muscle biopsy confirmed pathological changes of desmin positive myofibrils. Genetic testing revealed that the patient has harbored a c.1024A>G (p.n342d) missense variant in exon 6 of the DES gene. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was rated as likely pathogenic (PS4_moderate+PM2_supporting+PP3_moderate+PP1). CONCLUSION Desmin disease has a great clinical heterogeneity. Postexercise myalgia of lower limbs is a rare clinical phenotype. For patients harboring the c.1024A>G (p.n342d) variant of the DES gene, in addition to semitendinosus and fibula, Cardiac involvement is relatively insidious and easy to be ignored in clinic. Timely muscle MRI, muscle biopsy and gene detection will help the early diagnosis of the disease.
Humans ; Myalgia/genetics* ; Desmin/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Lower Extremity ; Mutation

Objective To study the HIV-1 drug resistance transmission level in HIV infected persons receiving no antiviral therapy in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province in 2015.Methods A total of 72 plasma samples were collected from recently reported HIV-infected persons aged 16-25 years in Dehong from January to July 2015 for drug resistance gene detection.Results Forty eight samples were successfully sequenced and analyzed.Among them,31.2％ (15/48) were from Chinese,and 68.8％ (33/48) were from Burmese.Based on pol sequences,HIV genotypes included URF (52.08％,25/48),CRF01_AE (16.67％,8/48),RF07_BC (10.42％,5/48),subtype B (6.25％,3/48),subtype C (6.25％,3/48),CRF57_BC (6.25％,3/48) and CRF08_BC (2.08％,1/48).One drug resistant mutation site to non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two drug resistant mutation site to nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) were detected in four sequences.Based on the statistical method of HIV drug resistance threshold survey,the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistant strain was 5％-15％.Conclusions The proportion of Burmese among newly reported HIV-infected individuals aged 16-25 years in Dehong in 2015 was higher.HIV-1 genetic diversity was found in Dehong.The prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistant strain had reached a moderate level in Dehong.

Objective To determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primary drug resistance (HIV-PDR) in newly reported HIV-infected individuals in Dehong Prefecture,Yunnan Province in 2015.Methods Newly reported HIV-positive patients who had viral load ≥ 1 000 copies/mL from January to November in 2015 were tested for HIV-PDR by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and HIV pol gene sequencing.HIV-PDR was determined according to the Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutations (SDRM) list of Stanford University,which was recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009.Results A total of 322 newly reported HIV-infected cases whose pol gene was successfully amplified were included in the final analysis.Of them,211 (65.5％) were male,and 229 (71.1％) were sexually transmitted.A total of 152 (47.2％) were Chinese.A total of 29 HIV subtypes were found,including type B (12.1％),type C (28.0％),type CRF01_AE (24.5％),type CRF07_BC (5.9％),type CRF08_BC (5.6％),type 62_BC (7.5％),type BC-new breakpoint (3.4％) and other subtypes (13％).Six patients (1.9％) were defined as primary resistance to HIV according to the WHO standard.Conclusions The prevalence of HIV-PDR is 1.9％ among newly reported HIV-infected individuals,which is relatively low in the studied area.But HIV-PDR surveillance should be strengthened in this area with the scaling up of antiretroviral therapy.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported HIV infections in Chinese and Burmese residents during 2012-2016 in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan province (Dehong) and to provide evidence for the development of related programs on prevention and control.Methods All the HIV infections who were newly reported during 2012-2016 in Dehong,were recruited as the study subjects,with epidemiological characteristics of the cases analyzed by using the software SPSS 22.0.Results A total of 5 692 HIV infections were newly reported between 2012 and 2016 (including 5 592 in this study),in which the Chinese patients accounted for 43.3％ (2 419) and the rest 56.7％ (3 173) were Burmese.Differences in age,gender and other social characteristics of these newly reported HIV infections were statistically significant between the Chinese and the Burmese (all p-values ＜0.05).Most cases were males and between the age of 20-49 years old.Other characteristics of the patients would include:having had primary school education,married,being farmers,and with CD4+ T cells counts ≥350 cells/μl.HIV infection was mainly transmitted through sexual contact among the Chinese patients but through injecting drug use among the Burmese patients.Conclusions Epidemiological characteristics of the newly reported HIV infections were different between the Chinese and the Burmese,between 2012 and 2016 in Dehong.Targeted prevention and control programs should be taken.

OBJECTIVETo study the HIV-1 genotypes and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province in 2013.

METHODSReferring to the guidelines for HIV drug resistance threshold survey (HIVDR-TS), 54 plasma samples of recently reported HIV-infected individuals, aged between 16 and 25 years, were collected in Dehong prefecture from January to August 2013. Genotyping of partial pol gene was performed by using reverse transcriptional PCR. HIV-1 genotype. Prevalent levels of HIV-1 drug resistance transmission were analyzed.

RESULTSForty-eight plasma samples were successfully sequenced and analyzed. Among them, 45.8% were Chinese and the rest 54.2% were all Burmese. Based on pol sequences, identified HIV genotypes included subtype C (41.7%), URF (31.3%), CRF01_AE (12.5%), CRF07_BC (10.4%), CRF08_BC (2.1%) and subtype B (2.1%), C subtype appeared dominated in Chinese while URF was dominated in Burmese. One drug resistant mutation to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) was detected in one sequence from Burmese. Based on the statistical method of HIVDR-TS, the prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance was adjusted as < 5%.

CONCLUSIONDiverse HIV-1 genotypes were found in this study, and the current HIV-1 drug resistant strains transmission was catalogued as at low prevalence level, in Dehong. To prevent the increase of the prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance, standard treatment and scientific management for people living with HIV/AIDS should be strictly followed. Meanwhile, relevant surveillance, including drug resistance surveillance should also be performed among cross-border migrant population.

Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; China ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Genes, pol ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; virology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors