Objective To investigate the potential of a two-component model combining T2 and diffusion weighted imaging(T2-DWI)in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Methods Thirty-two prostate cancer patients and twenty prostatic hyperplasia patients underwent combined T2-DWI,with TE values set at 50 ms and 70 ms and b values at 50 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2,respectively.This provided four measurements for each voxel.The signal fractions were calculated from the slow component(SFslow)extracted from the two-component model of T2-DWI,which was fitted with two free parameters.The results were compared with the traditional single exponential apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)model.Results A significant difference was observed between SFslow(0.77±0.14 vs 0.35±0.10)and ADC[(0.91±0.24)μm2/ms vs(1.98±0.32)μm2/ms]in region of interest(ROI)between peripheral zone tumors and normal prostate tissue(P＜0.001).No significant difference was found between SFslow(0.75±0.13 vs 0.68±0.11)and ADC[(0.88±0.18)μm2/ms vs(0.97±0.13)μm2/ms]in ROI between non-peripheral zone tumors and prostatic hyperplasia.The area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)for distinguishing tumors from prostate voxels was 0.962 for two-component SFslow and 0.940 for single exponential ADC models.The Spearman correlation coefficients between tumor SFslow and ADC with Gleason scores were 0.631 and-0.558,respectively.Conclusion SF estimation based on T2-DWI two-component model can effectively differentiate tumors from normal prostate tissue,showing potential in diagnosing prostate cancer.

In order to develop a positive quality control products for the detection of porcine repro-ductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)nucleic acid by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),the positive quality control products of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes were prepared using armored RNA technology of MS2 phage.PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes were amplified,purified and recovered,and ligated into pET28b vector containing MS2 mature enzyme protein gene and capsid protein.After transformed into BL21(DE3),the gene products were in-duced by IPTG and purified by PEG6000 precipitation method to prepare the armored RNA virus-like particles(AR-PRRSV)containing PRRSV M gene.Following the performance evaluation,as the positive quality control products of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes,AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M were calculated using YY/T 1652-2019 standard.Results showed that it had a good u-niformity,stable storage for the armored virus-like particles at-20,4,25 ℃ for 60 d,and 37 ℃ for 30 d.The prepared armored virus-like particles AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M were deter-mined by digital quantitative PCR(ddPCR)after preliminary quantification by RT-qPCR.The 104 copies/μL of AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M ddPCR fixation was(1.33+0.50)× 104 cop-ies/μL.The above results indicates that the AR-PRRSVM can be used as the quality control of the whole detection process(nucleic acid extraction,reverse transcription and RT-qPCR).

[Objective]Embedding data information literacy in postgraduate education of traditional Chinese medicine,to provide an innovative approach to improve the quality of graduate theses.[Methods]By collecting blind review data of 891 doctoral dissertations submitted from 2016 to 2021 in Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,the quality of graduate theses based on factors such as postgraduate training category,subject,submission year,affiliated unit,thesis review indicators,proposes current problems and relevant countermeasures and suggestions was statistically analyzed.[Results]The proportion of articles in grades A,B and C was 85.07%,12.01%and 2.92%,respectively,with statistically significant differences among grades(P<0.001).According to the classification of first level disciplines,the results show that the overall quality of doctoral dissertations in traditional Chinese medicine is superior to other disciplines;according to the classification of training categories,the results show that the overall quality of non-directed doctoral dissertations is better than that of directed categories;classified by the year of submission for review,the results show that with the increasing of doctoral blind review papers in recent years,the overall quality of doctoral theses has gradually been improved;according to the classification of affiliations,the results show that the overall quality of doctoral dissertations from the second school of clinical medicine,school of pharmacy,and school of basic medicine is better than other colleges.A comprehensive explanation of factors such as the training category,discipline and major,year of submission for review affiliation and evaluation indicators for the doctoral thesis effectively provides feedback on the overall quality of the thesis.[Conclusion]Embedding data information literacy in postgraduate education is of great significance for improving the quality of postgraduate education,especially the quality of graduate theses.

Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in goats. Inactivated vaccines and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) indirect hemagglutination reagents are available for prevention and serological detection, but high culture costs and complex antigen quantification have been plagued by production staff. In order to solve these problems in production practice, a sugar fermentation medium with an initial pH value of 7.8, which could improve the production of two antigens simultaneously, was screened out by changing the initial pH value based on previous Mccp metabolomics analysis. Since phenol red can be identified by UV absorption spectrum and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can bind to anionic capsular polysaccharide, a UV spectrum measurement method for analyzing the culture stage reached by Mccp and a CTAB precipitation test for relative quantification of capsular polysaccharide antigen content in the fermentation broth were established. The UV spectrum observation method can guide the production of Mccp according to the growth curve of Mccp, which greatly reduces the monitoring time of the traditional CCU method and improves the accuracy of the original eye-observation method. The established CTAB precipitation test can complete the monitoring of CPS content within 5 hours, which greatly reduces the time required compared with the traditional differential technique, and its accuracy was verified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The optimized culture medium and the two correlation comparison methods established in this study can effectively reduce the production cost of Mccp and improve the production efficiency. The two assays have been used in the research at our laboratory, which provides experimental data for further improvement of the production process of CCPP inactivated vaccine and capsular polysaccharide as well as rapid quantification.
Humans ; Animals ; Goats ; Cetrimonium ; Mycoplasma ; Polysaccharides

The ossicular replacement prosthesis should have good biocompatibility, stability, easy to install, and excellent sound transmission capacity. In this study, the characteristics of ideal materials for the ossicular replacement prosthesis were analyzed by searching the types of materials used in clinical practice and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various materials and structures. At the same time, in combination with the current evaluation requirements and evaluation experience, the focus of the performance research project of ossicular replacement prosthesis in the process of registration is discussed to clarify the performance evaluation requirements of these products, so as to provide reference for the future work of manufacturers and regulators. The performance evaluation of ossicular replacement prosthesis focuses on its mechanical properties, fixation stability, sound transmission characteristics, biological characteristics, and magnetic resonance compatibility.
Ossicular Prosthesis ; Ossicular Replacement ; Sound ; Prosthesis Design ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE To optimize the pr eparation technology of the baicalin lipid nano foam aerosol （BC-LN-FA）. METHODS Baicalin lipid nanoparticle （BC-LN）and BC-LN-FA were prepared by the thin film dispersion method and homogeneous emulsification method ，respectively，using baicalin （BC） as the model drug. The preparation technology was optimized by Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology using particle size and encapsulation efficiency （EE）as indexes ，with dosage ， emulsifier dosage ，co-emulsifier dosage and homogenization time as factors. The morphology ，particle size ，polymerdispersity index（PDI），EE，the viscosity ，the foam dissolution rate and in vitro transdermal release of BC-LN-FA were characterized. RESULTS The optimal technology included 25 mg BC ，40 mg emulsifier （mass ratio of stearic acid-soybean lecithin-glycerol was 1∶1∶1），30 mg co-emulsifier （mass ratio of octadecanol-lactic acid was 1∶1），homogenization time of 20 min. Results of 3 times of validation tests showed that particle size of prepared BC-LN-FA was （151.70±2.40）nm，EE was （68.62±1.16）％；the deviation of them from the predicted value （particle size of 150.80 nm，EE of 67.02％）were 0.60％ and 2.39％ respectively. The BC-LN-FA prepared by the optimal process was light yellow opalescence ，uniform in particle size and round-like in shape. The viscosity，the foam dissolution rate ，the content of BC and PDI were （122.92±5.09）mPa·s，（65.32±3.22）％，（7.01±0.12）％ and（0.199±0.006），respectively. At 48 h，the cumulative release rates of BC-LN-FA in phosphate buffer saline （PBS）at pH 7.4， 6.8，5.0 were（54.12±2.69）％，（57.85±4.25）％ and（59.47±1.83）％，respectively；those of free BC in PBS at pH 7.4 was only （15.04±1.43）％. CONCLUSIONS The optimized technology is stable and feasible. Prepared BC-LN-FA has a uniform particle size，high digestion rate and certain viscosity.

Malnutrition in liver cirrhosis is associated with ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, infection, and other complications even death. To date, the hazard and disease burden of malnutrition in cirrhosis patients have been severely underestimated. This review summarized the most recent advancement in the field and discussed the techniques and methodologies in detection and evaluation of malnutrition in cirrhosis patients, nutritional support therapy, and future research directions and clinical care of the patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a pedigree affected with X-linked mental retardation. METHODS: The proband was subjected to chromosomal karyotyping, FMR1 mutation testing and copy number variation analysis with a single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array). His family members were subjected to multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assaying. Expression of genes within the repeated region were analyzed. RESULTS: The proband had a normal chromosomal karyotype and normal number of CGG repeats within the FMR1 gene. SNP array identified a 370 kb duplication in Xq28 (ChrX: 153 027 633-153 398 515), which encompassed 14 genes including MECP2. The patient was diagnosed as Lubs X-linked mental retardation syndrome (MRXSL). MLPA confirmed the presence of copy number variation, its co-segregation with the disease, in addition with the carrier status of females. Genes from the duplicated region showed higher levels of expression (1.79 to 5.38 folds) within peripheral blood nucleated cells of the proband. CONCLUSION The patients were diagnosed with MRXSL. The expression of affected genes was up-regulated due to the duplication. Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis may be provided based on the results.
DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein ; Humans ; Mental Retardation, X-Linked ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy

Objective The relationship was analyzed between clinic and the expression intensity of HBsAg and HBcAg with in the hepatic tissue from the serum HBeAg negative group and the positive group.Methods A total of 317 liver biopsy specimens were divided into the HBeAg negative group and the positive group,and the relationship was analyzed between the expression inten sity of HBsAg and HBcAg within the hepatic tissue and their age,gender,ALT level,serum HBV-DNA load,hepatic inflammatory activity grading and fibrosis staging in the two groups.Results Age,ALT level,hepatic inflammatory activity grading and fibrosis of the serum HBeAg negative patients were greater than those of the serum HBeAg positive patients,while their serum HBV-DNA load and the expression intensity of HBcAg within the hepatic tissue were lower than those of the serum HBeAg positive patients (P＜0.05).The expression intensity of HBsAg within the hepatic tissue between the serum HBeAg patients and the serum HBeAg positive patients was not significantly different,and it was not correlated with age,ALT level,hepatic inflammatory grading and fi brosis staging (P＞0.05).After the serum HBeAg turned negative,the expression intensity of HBcAg within the hepatic tissue was decreased (P=0.00,t=12 349.0),and it became positively correlated with the serum HBV DNA load(P=0.007,r=0.251) and its negative correlation with the hepatic inflammatory activity and fibrosis was weakened.Conclusion After the serum HBeAg turned negative,other antigenic components of HBV may still maintain the adequately active immune status within the hepatic tis sue of organisms.After the serum HBeAg turned negative,the expression intensity of HBcAg within the hepatic tissue was de creased and became positively correlated with the serum HBV DNA,while its negative correlation with the hepatic inflammatory activity grade and fibrosis stagings was weakened.

Objective To investigate the association of the polymorphism of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2 )gene with isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity and anti-tuberculous treatment efficacy in Chinese Han patients with tuberculosis(TB).Methods A total of 108 TB patients who received initial anti-TB treatment were followed up prospectively.A polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing approach was used to detect genetic polymorphisms of the NAT2 gene.Associations between NAT2 genotype and isoniazid-induced hepatitis/early treatment were analyzed.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results Among the 108 TB patients, intermediate-acetylators (IA ) was the most frequent NAT2 genotype with the proportion of 54.63%(59/108).The proportion of rapid-acetylators(RA)was 33.33%(36/108),slow-acetylators (SA)was 10.19%(11/108)and super-rapid acetylators was 1 .85 % (2/108). Among the 20 patients who developed drug-induced hepatitis,2 were RA,5 were SA and 13 were IA. Regarding NAT2 genotype,RA patients had a lower incidence of hepatotoxicity (OR =0.176,95 %CI :0.038-0.809,P =0.014)and SA patients were more likely to developed drug-induced hepatic injury (OR=4.556,95 %CI :1 .231 -16.854,P =0.044 ).Statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of variant diplotypes,NAT2*4/*6A (OR=7.741 ,95 %CI :2.653-22.586,P <0.01 )and NAT2 *6A/*6A (OR=15 .353,95 %CI :1 .506 -156.552,P =0.020)were significantly increased in TB patients with hepatotoxicity.NAT2 *4/*4 was less likely to developed hepatic injury (OR =0.176,95 %CI :0.038-0.809,P =0.014).Among the 58 culture-positive patients,12(31 .03%)were persistent culture positive after 2 months standard therapy.Early treatment failure was observed with significantly higher incidence rate in RA than other genotypes (OR = 7.200, 95 % CI :1 .794-28.900, P = 0.008). Conclusions In Chinese Han TB patients,IA is the most frequent NAT2 genotype.The SA status of NAT2 is a risk factor of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity.The diplotype of NAT2 *6A has clearly high risk of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity.In contrast,NAT2 * 4/* 4 is protective diplotype.RA is associated with early treatment failure in culture-positive patients.