Objective For decreasing the infected rate,the prevention and cure methods of intracranial infections following posterior fossa craniotomy were study. Methods Twenty-eight patients with the intracranial infections following posterior fossa craniotomy were examined by lumbar puncture,and analyzed cerebrospinal fluid with routine examination and reference to the bacteriological data and drug sensitive tests. All the patients were treated with high dosage sensitive antibiotics, and draining continually the infected cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture catheterization and injected small dosages of antibiotics into intraspinal for most cases. Results Twenty-eight patients had intracranial hypertension by lumbar puncture examination, outcome of cerebrospinal fluid culture indicated that 17 cases had bacteria growth and 11 cases had no bacteria. The intracranial infection was controlled effectively,and 96.4%(27 cases) were cured, 1 case dead of systemic failure. Conclusions Strict aseptic techniques,reduce operative time,decrease intracranial place of foreign matters, such as gelfoam, hemostatic gauze and artificial implants, could reduce the possibilities of intracranial infections. Appropriate antibiotics selection,lumbar puncture catheterization and intraspinal administration of antibiotics can cure intracranial infections effectively.

Objective To explore the delineation between normal variations and developmental anomalies (malformation) of human cardiac conduction system (CCS). Methods The CCS of 886 cases (737 cases were noncardiac death,149 cases died of sudden cardiac death) were examined histologically using the method designed by the authors that tissues containing the SAN and AVN were cut along the long axes of the nodes in 1-2 block and the HB perpendicular to its long axis 2-4 blocks.The morphology and causes of death in CCS of two groups were also studied. Results 1.There were congenital variations in human CCS with respect to the sizes,position and shape;2.There were postnatal variations in CCS accompanying the aging process;3.It was revealed that there were developmental anomalies in CCS with sudden cardiac death,which included fetal typed atrioventricular node (AVN) in adults, complete displacement of the AVN into the central fibrous body,complete separation of the HB into more than 3 bundles and the displacement of bifurcation of the HB into the root of tricuspid valve.These changes should not be grouped into normal variations,since they are related or potentially related to sudden cardiac deaths.Conclusion The following changes should be included in normal variation or CCS:displacement of the bifurcating portion of the HB into the pars membranacea of the ventricular septum;left sided deviation of downward and leftward displacement of that portion;displacement of less than 1/2 of the AVN in to the central fibrous body;displacement of the myocardium into the HB or LBB.;

Objective　 To investigate the Mahaim's fibers of the cardiac con duction system (CCS) of human hearts and study their morphological features. Methods　 The CCS from 165 cases of sudden death without extracardiac causes and tho se from 760 cases of non-cardiac death were sampled using a method established by the authors. Serial sections were prepared for histological observation. Results　 Mahaim's fibers were discovered in 7 cases, 5 cases were in the sudden dea th group, accounting for 3% in that group, 2 cases were in the non-cardiac deat h group, accounting for 0.26% in that group. All cases belonged to the bundle-ve n tricular branch type. The characteristics of Mahaim's fibers were found to be a s follows. Their transverse diameter was 10～35 microns. The bodies of the Mahaim 's fibers that originated from A-V bundle were slender with nucleus in the middle of the cell. While the shape of cells from the left bundle branch varied accord ing to the origin of the Mahaim's fiber with size enlarging from up downward. B oth types of cells showed abundant lightly stained cytoplasm, similar to A-V bu n dle and left bundle branch cells. The cells were not bifurcated and some of them were surrounded by a thin layer of fibrous tissue. Conclusion　 Mahaim's fibers are not a rarity and it is an abnormal development of an A-V by-path.

Objective To explore the method and management of pre-hospital care and raise the level of traffic injuries in pre-hospital care by summarizing the clinical features of death patients with severe tragic accident trauma Methods The basic data of 62 death patients with severe traffic accident trauma was analyzed according to death report statistics of severe traffic accident trauma from January 1st,2005 to December 31th,2008 Results Brain injury death accounted for most of traffic accident trauma death.The mortality rate of brain injury in the wounded wag 8.28%(13/157),but of asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock was 2.55%(4/157),3.18%(5/157)respectively in 2005.With the development of treatment and rescued in time, the mortality rate reduced to 6.11%(11/180),0,0.56%(1/180)in 2008.Conclesions It should be trying to shorten the time of pre-hospital care for pafients with trsffic accident trauma,especially in patients combined with hemorrhagic shock,asphyxia,severe brain injury.It is concluded that rapid and effective pre-hospital care can significantly reduce death rate and self-help or each other rescue training would also be effective to reduce mortality.

OBJECTIVE:To establish HPLC fmgerprints of Naodesheng solid dispersion capsules.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Hyspersil ODS2 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelengths were 210 nm (puerarin),345 nm (hydroxfsaffior yellow A).The column temperature was 30 ℃,and sample size was 10 μL.Using puerarin and hydroxysaffior yellow A as reference,HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of sample were determined.Similarity evaluation,common peak identification and chemical components confirmation were performed by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprints (2012 edition).RESULTS:There were 29 and 23 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of samples at 210 nm and 345 nm,respectively.The similarity was higher than 0.90.The medicinal material attribute of common peaks were Panax notoginseng,Ligusticum chuanxiong,Carthamus tinctorius,Pueraia lobata and Crataegus pinnatifida.Moreover,7 chemical components were identified at 210,345 nm,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Established HPLC fingerprints can provide reference for identification and quality evaluation of Naodesheng solid dispersion capsules.

Objective:To optimize the water extraction and alcohol precipitation technology of Xuanfei Zhike granule .Methods:Orthogonal test was used to investigate the effects of adding water , decocting time and boiling time on the water extraction , and the effects of relative density , alcohol precipitation concentration and alcohol precipitation time on the alcohol precipitation technology by taking comprehensive score including the amount of hesperidin , the amount of tectoridin and the yield of dry cream as the indices .Re-sults:The preferred water extraction technology was as follows: added 10 times water and extracted 1.5 h firstly, and then added 8 times water and extracted twice with 0.5 h for each.The preferred alcohol precipitation technology was as follows:concentrated the wa-ter extraction to a relative density of 1.05 (measured at 60℃), slowly added 95％ethanol to 80％alcohol solution and stored 18 h at low temperature .Conclusion:The optimal water extraction and alcohol precipitation technology is stable and feasible , which can pro-vide reference for the standardized production of Xuanfei Zhike granule .

In order to develop a positive quality control products for the detection of porcine repro-ductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)nucleic acid by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),the positive quality control products of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes were prepared using armored RNA technology of MS2 phage.PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes were amplified,purified and recovered,and ligated into pET28b vector containing MS2 mature enzyme protein gene and capsid protein.After transformed into BL21(DE3),the gene products were in-duced by IPTG and purified by PEG6000 precipitation method to prepare the armored RNA virus-like particles(AR-PRRSV)containing PRRSV M gene.Following the performance evaluation,as the positive quality control products of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes,AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M were calculated using YY/T 1652-2019 standard.Results showed that it had a good u-niformity,stable storage for the armored virus-like particles at-20,4,25 ℃ for 60 d,and 37 ℃ for 30 d.The prepared armored virus-like particles AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M were deter-mined by digital quantitative PCR(ddPCR)after preliminary quantification by RT-qPCR.The 104 copies/μL of AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M ddPCR fixation was(1.33+0.50)× 104 cop-ies/μL.The above results indicates that the AR-PRRSVM can be used as the quality control of the whole detection process(nucleic acid extraction,reverse transcription and RT-qPCR).