Primary intrahepatic stone is a common disease in China. It is difficult to treat this benign biliary tract disease because it has many complications and the surgery is difficult. Understanding the cause of this disease has important implications in prevention and treatment. This article reviewed the cause of primary intrahepatic stone from four aspects: imbalance of bile components, infection, bile protein, and macromolecular and metabolism of the cells.

Objective To systematic review the efficacy of Bifidobacterium preparation in Helicobacter pylori ( HP ) eradication therapy. Methods We systematically reviewed clinical research about the efficacy of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication in multiple data-base( PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, OVID, Web of Science); After screening and assessing the quality of the data, we used RevMan 5.3.5 software and Stata 12.0 software for data analysis, then we used GRADE pro3.6.1 software assessing the quality of results.Results Six studies were included with 1396 patients,there were 690 patients in experimental group and 706 patients in control group.Compared with control group, the eradication rates calculated by per-protocol analysis [RR=1.19,95%CI(1.12,1.26),Z=5.87 (P<0.00001)]and intention-to-treat analysis[RR=1.18,95%CI(1.07,1.31),Z=3.33(P=0.0009)]in experimental group was higher,the number of diarrhea[RR=0.43,95%CI(0.23,0.79),Z=2.73(P=0.006)]/the number of nausea[RR=0.67,95%CI(0.56,0.81),Z=4.19 (P<0.0001)]/the number of taste disorders[RR=0.61,95%CI(0.32,1.13),Z=1.57(P=0.12)]in experimental group was lower.The quality of results:the eradication rates calculated by per-protocol analysis was high quality, intention-to-treat analysis and the number of nausea and the number of diarrhea was moderate quality,the number of taste disorders was low quality.Egger’s test showed there was no evidence of substantial publication bias.Conclusion Bifidobacterium preparations during standard triple HP therapy may improve the eradication rate and reduce adverse reactions.

Objective; To evaluate the effects of gingival shade guide in visual shade-matching in vitro models. Methods; 42 tabs of Shofu NCC shade guide were adopted for color measuring. Each tab was fixed in the middle of Gingiva-Indicator, Guray(1,2,3,4) respectively and located in a black box. The measurements were made using the Shadepilot instrument. The color parameters ( CIE1976L * a * b * ) of cervical, body, incisal area of each tab were recorded. The color difference A E value in the same position of each tab was calculated between non-gingival shade guide group and Gumyl ,2,3,4 groups with Shadepilot software. Results; The AE value in the same position of 42 tabs between non-gingival shade guide group and 4 gingival shade guide groups were; cervical (2.93±0.79)NBS,body(0.51±0.27)NBS and incisal(0.61 ±0.29)NBS. In the cervical, body and incisal area, there was no statistically difference among Gumyl ,2,3,4 groups on affecting shade of tabs(P >0. 05). Conclusion; The gingival color has an effect on the cervical shade of tabs, and it can be recognized by human eyes, while gingival color has little effect on the shade of body and incisal area.

Objective To investigate the characteristics,treatment and prognosis of the gastrointes-tinal iatrogenic perforation resulting from endoscopic operations.Methods The clinical data of the 107 pa-tients with gastrointestinal iatrogenic perforations caused by endoscopic operations from October 2003 to Octo-ber 2013 were retrospectively studied,and the characteristics,treatment and prognosis of these patients were analysed.Results The incidence of the gastrointestinal iatrogenic perforation resulting from endoscopic oper-ations was 0.041%(107 /263 549,among which 0.006% was diagnostic(13 /232 011),and 0.298% was therapeutic (94 /31 538).A total of 107 patients with gastrointestinal iatrogenic chose conservative medical management,endoscopic clipping or surgery according to different conditions after perforations.All patients had good prognosis.Conclusion Endoscopic therapeutic operations are more likely to lead to the occurrence of iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforations compared with diagnostic operations.And most patients could get good prognosis as long as the appropriate treatment is performed when the perforation occurs.

Objective Assembly whole mitochondrial genome sequence of Rongshui miniature pig ( RMP ) breed and analysis the structure of mitochondrion based on the next-generation sequecing method.Comparison of phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity among different pig breeds.Methods We collected peripheral venous blood sample from RMP and constructed two paired-end sequencing libraries.A whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy and Illumina Genome Analyser sequencing technology were used in our study.Results The mitochondrial genome of RMP consists of 13 protein coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and the length of pig is 16888 bp.The GC content of this pig mitochondrial genome is about 44 %.Based on phlogenetic analysis, population genetic analysis, our findings confirmed that the ancestral cluster in East Asia mainly occurred among Diannan 7#pig, Hainan wild boar, Lanyu and RMP.Conclusion RMP, a typical miniature pig breed in China, is an earlier ancestor than Lanyu pig breed.

Objective To investigate the effect of acidic serine protease ASPNJ on the expression of heat shock protein HSP90, 60 and 27 in human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells, in order to reveal the related mechanism of anti leukemic effects of ASPNJ. Methods K562 leukemia cell lines were cultured in vitro and treated with ASPNJ alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the changes of HSP90, 60 and 27 gene expressions in levels of total protein and membrane protein, as well as in mRNA levels. Results ASPNJ showed different effects on the expression of HSPs in total protein and membrane protein levels and had some modified effect on HSPs in total protein or membrane protein levels. Effects of ASPNJon expression of HSPs mRNA were not apparent, but HSPs mRNA were apparently lower in the ASPNJ and doxorubicin combination group than that in the ASPNJ alone or doxorubicin alone groups. Conclusion The mechanism of ASPNJ on the inhibitory effect of leukemia cells proliferation and the promoting effects on chemotherapeutic drugs may involve some complicated correlations with the effect of ASPNJ on the expression of HSPs and the modification of HSPs proteins.

Overt gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is one of the noncardiac complications in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Identification of patients at increased risk of overt GIB could aid in targeting more aggressive treatment,and lead to improved outcomes.The aim of this study is to determine the frequency,risk factors,and prognostic significance of overt GIB in patients with AMI.Methods A retrospective review of the medical records of 1443 patients admitted to the Chinese PLA General Hospital with AMI was conducted.Charts were reviewed for clinical characteristics,possible precipitating factors and complications.Patients were categorized as having or not having overt GIB(GIB associated with hemodynamic changes or the need for transfusions).Results Twenty nine (2.0%) patients developed overt GIB within 30 days after AMI.Patients with overt GIB had higher 30-day mortality rate than those without (44.8% vs.9.9%,P ＜ 0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed major determinants of in-hospital overt GIB secondary to AMI were gender of female (odds ratio 2.41,95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08 to 5.37),age=75 years (odds ratio 1.58,95% CI 1.13 to 2.20),prior history of AMI (odds ratio 2.28,95% CI 1.17 to 4.88),pneumonia (odds ratio 3.47,95% CI 1.50 to 8.03) and anemia at admission (odds ratio 2.37,95% CI 1.04 to 5.37).Conclusions In patients with AMI,overt GIB is associated with higher in-hospital mortality,and female sex,older age,prior AMI,pneumonia and anemia at admission are predictors of overt GIB during hospitalization.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:195-198)

Objective To compare the distribution of KCNJ11 polymorphisms between elderly Chinese population with and without hypertension. Methods We examined the mutation of KCNJ11 gene by directly sequencing. Data for the present study were obtained from 250 hypertensive subjects (60 to 83 years old) as well as 250 normotensive subjects (60 to 86 years old). Results We found nine different mutations in KCNJ11, including six novel mutations (I131M, L147I, L147V, L147L, Q235H, G245C). None of the novel mutations were found in the normotensive subjects, and all the residues were conserved in other species. These sequence variants in Chinese population indicate the diversity of the human library and the complexity of hypertension. Conclusions The consistent finding of our present study provided a basis for the development of new strategies to diagnosis and treat hypertension in the elderly.

Objective:Through literature search,this paper aims to understand the current situation of social trust mechanism and the research progress of trust evaluation methods,and thus to provide theoretical reference for further researches.Methods:Using the literature search method,this paper sorted out,analyzed and concluded the domestic and foreign literatures and information about social trust mechanism and trust evaluation.Results:The domestic research on social trust mechanism could be mainly divided into two parts,while the foreign research path was different and mainly related to the field of electronic commerce,government departments,medical behavior,and so on.Evaluation methods in doctor-patient trust mainly included trust scale evaluation and trust model.Conclusion:There is a certain development of the domestic researches on social trust mechanism and evaluation,but still need further improvement.The limitation of doctor-patient trust evaluation is prominent and efforts should be made to research on the improvement measures of medical social trust mechanism.

Objective: To summarize the clinical experience of laparoscopic duodenum-preserving subtotal pancreatic head resection (LDPPHR). Methods: The clinical data of 8 patients with LDPPHR performed at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from November 2016 to February 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: All the eight patients underwent LDPPHR successfully. The operation time was 207.0~540.0 minutes. The estimated blood loss was 50.0~200.0 ml. The postoperative hospital stay was 10.0~27.0 days. One patient developed pancreatic fistula of grade B, and one patient developed biliary fistula. Pathologic results showed pancreatic solid pseudopaillary neoplasm in 3 patients, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms in 1 patient, mucinous cystadenoma in 1 patient, serous cystadenoma in 1 patient, neuroendocrine neoplasm in 1 patient, and pancreatic true cyst in 1 patient. Conclusion LDPPHR is a safe and effective surgical method for treatment of pancreatic head inflammatory mass, pancreatic head benign or low-grade malignant tumors.