Objective To investigate the advantages of treating pediatric indirect inguinal hernia by laparoscopic high ligation of hernia.Methods Two hundred and forty-four pediatric indirect inguinal hernia cases were admitted from August 2012 to May 2014,and were divided into conventional surgery group and laparoscopic surgery group according to the operation methods,with 122 cases in each group.The differences between the two groups regarding operation time,bleeding volume,postoperative pain,surgical scars,complications and recurrence were compared.Results Contralateral recessive hernia was observed in 52 cases (46.4％) of laparoscopic surgery group.The differences in operation time [unilateral hernia:(16.1 ± 5.3) min vs (14.3 ±4.4) min],[bilateral hernia:(29.2 ± 6.4) min vs (31.4 ± 5.2) min],bleeding volume [(2.2 ± 1.1) mL vs (2.9 ± 1.4) mL],surgical scars and recurrence between the two groups were not statistically significant,and no scrotal hematoma and latrogenic cryptorchidism were observed in both groups.But the differences regarding post-operative pain,time to ambulation,scrotal swelling were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery showed advantages in small operation wound,rapid recover,less complications and possibility of exploration of contralateral processus vaginalis,so it is much more secure and reliable.

Aim To evaluate the mucosal-protective effects of carboxymethylpachyman( CMP) on Fluorou-racil(5-Fu)-induced mice intestinal mucositis and ex-plore its mechanisms. Methods ICR mice were as-signed randomly to four groups:normal group( n=8;re-ceiving pure water orally for 14 d) ,CMP group( n=8;200 mg·kg-1 CMP for 14 d orally),5-Fu group(n=8;25 mg·kg-1 5-Fu for 7 d,intraperitoneally( i. p. ) , and CMP+5-Fu group( n=8;200 mg·kg-1 CMP for 14 d orally and 25 mg·kg-1 5-Fu for 7 d,i. p. ). At day 14the mice were sacrificed. The intestinal propel-ling rate and the colon length were measured. ROS, GSH and IL-1βcontents,and CAT,GSH-Px activities in homogenate supernatant of PPs were measured by kits for observing the effects of CMP on mice lipid peroxida-tion and intestinal mucosal inflammatory induced by 5-Fu. Colon tissues were used for hematoxylin and eosin ( HE ) staining for the determination of the effect of CMP on mice colon histopathology, immunohistochem-istry for the protein levels of NF-κB and p-p38 . Results CMP significantly extended colon lengths,accelerate the intestinal propelling rates, reduced colonic mucosa epithelium goblet cell loss, inflammatory cells infiltra-tion,and crypt depth shallow induced by 5-Fu. CMP obviously reduced ROS and IL-1β contents, and pre-vented reductions in homogenate supernatant of PPs GSH content, CATand GSH-Px activities by 5-Fu ad-ministration,and also reduced the expression of NF-κB and p-p38 in colon tissues. However, CMP alone had no effect on the colon of normal mice. Conclusion The current study demonstrates that CMP may have sig-nificant protective effects against 5-Fu-induced intesti-nal mucositis. Its mechanism may be related to enhan-cing the antioxidant activity,anti-inflammatory and an-ti-apoptotic effects.

Objective To examine matrix proteoglycan metabolic markers and probe into the turnover of matrix proteoglycan and enzyme-mediated role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases in reparative tissues with tissue engineering cartilage. Methods Tissue-engineered cartilage was constructed by cancellous bone matrix gelatin (BMG) with allogeneic chondrocytes in vitro for 2 weeks, then implanted to repair osteochondral defects of rabbit knee joint. Samples were obtained 6 months later to explore the expressions of 3-B-3(-) epitope, MMPs, MMP-generated epitope BC-4 and aggrecanases-generated epitope BC-13. Results In repaired tissues, the expression of 3-B-3(-) epitope increased, but that of MMPs and MMP-generated epitope BC-4 reduced. There was no expression of aggrecanases-generated epitope BC-13. Conclusion Expressions of 3-B-3(-), MMPs, BC-4 and BC-13 can help probe into the matrix proteoglycan turnover in reparative cartilage tissues. Anabolism exceeds catabolism in the repaired tissues. MMPs play an important role in the conservative baseline turnover of proteoglycan and remodeling of the graft tissues.

Objective To explore the physiological characteristics of vascular invasion of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE) and the growth pattern of lesion.Methods 120 cases with HAE were all scanned by 256 slices MSCT,then the images were taken three-dimensional reconstruction.A comparison between pathology and images were made for the evaluation of vascular invasion.Results Pathological examination showed that the invasion rate of intrahepatic vein(left hepatic vein,middle hepatic vein,right hepatic vein, inferior vena cava),portal vein and hepatic artery were 34.38%,31.11%,22.50%,respectively.176 branches of the intrahepatic vein, 67 branches of the hepatic artery and 127 branches of portal vein were involved.Combined with the pathology,the Kappa values were 0.868,0.725 and 0.844.Conclusion HAE is easy to involve the intrahepatic veins as it grows,considering its"indulgence of vein"feature.In order to improve the targeting effect,the mode of administration could be changed.MSCT can exactly evaluate the invasion of intrahepatic vessels,providing important basis for clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the time after thrombosis and the efficacy of combined ultrasound and microbubble treatment for rescuing the ischemic tissues.

METHODSRat models of thrombosis in the right common iliac artery were established and received combined ultrasound and microbubble treatment at 3, 6 and 12 h after thrombosis. The recanalization rate of the right common iliac artery was assessed using both 2-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound. The plateau acoustic intensity (AI) was quantified for estimating the skeletal microvascular blood volume, and skeletal muscle injury markers including myoglobin (Mb) and creatinine kinase (CK) were measured using ELISA. Postmortem TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptotic rate of skeletal muscle cells in the hind limb of the rats.

RESULTSCompared with those in 3 h group, the recanalization rate and AI were significantly lower, and the levels of Mb and CK and the apoptotic rate of the skeletal muscle cells were significantly higher in both 6 h group and 12 h group ( < 0.05). Compared with those in 6 h group, the rats receiving treatment at 12 h after thrombosis showed significantly lowered AI and increased Mb, CK and apoptotic rate of the skeletal muscle cells ( < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe efficacy of combined ultrasound and microbubble treatment for rescuing ischemic tissues tends to be attenuated as the time after thrombosis prolongs in rats.

ObjectiveTo characterize the changes of metabolites of Blumea balsamifera in the process of sweating by non-targeted metabolomics， and to investigate the influence of sweating processing on the constituents of B. balsamifera. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS） metabolomics was used to identify the metabolites in no sweating group（F1）， sweating 2 d group（F2） and sweating 4 d group（F3）， the differences of metabolites between the groups were compared by principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， and differential metabolites were screened according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05， and the pathway enrichment of the differential metabolites was analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）. ResultsThe results of PCA and OPLS-DA showed a clear distinction between the three groups of samples， indicating significant differences in the compositions of the three groups of samples. A total of 433 differential metabolites were screened between the F1 and F2， with 154 up-regulated and 279 down-regulated， the significant up-regulated metabolites were tangeritin， 5-O-demethylnobiletin and so on， while the metabolites with significant down-regulation included alternariol， fortunellin， etc. A total of 379 differential metabolites were screened between the F2 and F3， with 150 up-regulated and 229 down-regulated， the significant up-regulated metabolites were isoimperatorin， helianyl octanoate and so on， and the significant down-regulated metabolites were hovenoside I， goyasaponin Ⅲ， etc. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that tyrosine metabolism， isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis， phenylalanine， tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis， tryptophan metabolism， valine， leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis， pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis may be the key pathways affecting metabolite differences of B. balsamifera after sweating treatment. ConclusionSweating can reduce the content of endophytic mycotoxins in B. balsamifera and has a great impact on the synthesis and metabolic pathways of total flavonoids and auxin. This study can provide a reference for the process research on the sweating conditions of B. balsamifera.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the differential components in Poria cocos medicinal materials based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）， combined with mass defect filtering（MDF） and molecular network integration techniques. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used for MS data acquisition and identification of P. cocos medicinal materials， with the help of MDF for the study of cleavage behavior and structural identification of triterpenoids. According to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation patterns of each component， global natural product social molecular network（GNPS） was established， and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures and the the structure of main compound classes were identified and confirmed. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential components of the five P. cocos medicinal materials with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05 as the criteria. ResultsA total of 66 compounds were identified by database comparison， 8 compounds were newly identified by MDF， 28 compounds were newly identified by GNPS， and a total of 102 chemical compounds were identified， including 43 triterpenoids， 16 saccharides， 26 amino acids and peptides， 3 nucleosides， and 14 other compounds. Triterpenoids were predominant in Poriae Cutis and wild Fushen， amino acids and peptides were the most abundant in Poria and cultivated Fushen， carbohydrates were the most abundant in Poriae Cutis. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ triterpenoids had higher amounts in Poria and cultivated Fushen， type Ⅲ triterpenoids were more abundant in Poriae Cutis， all four types of triterpenoids were higher in Fushenmu， and type Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅳ triterpenoids were higher in wild Fushen. A total of 12 common differential chemical constituents were screened， including serine， guanosine， gallic acid， 2-octenal， maltotriose， trametenolic acid， dehydroeburicoic acid， dehydrotrametenolic acid， poricoic acid A， poricoic acid B， poricoic acid E and G， but the relative contents of them varied significantly among different medicinal materials. ConclusionAmong the five P. cocos medicinal materials， the types of constituents are generally similar， but their relative contents differed significantly among these medicinal materials， especially in the distribution of triterpenoids. The integration of UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS， MDF and GNPS can provide a reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of other Chinese medicines.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the differential components in Poria cocos medicinal materials based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）， combined with mass defect filtering（MDF） and molecular network integration techniques. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used for MS data acquisition and identification of P. cocos medicinal materials， with the help of MDF for the study of cleavage behavior and structural identification of triterpenoids. According to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation patterns of each component， global natural product social molecular network（GNPS） was established， and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures and the the structure of main compound classes were identified and confirmed. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential components of the five P. cocos medicinal materials with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05 as the criteria. ResultsA total of 66 compounds were identified by database comparison， 8 compounds were newly identified by MDF， 28 compounds were newly identified by GNPS， and a total of 102 chemical compounds were identified， including 43 triterpenoids， 16 saccharides， 26 amino acids and peptides， 3 nucleosides， and 14 other compounds. Triterpenoids were predominant in Poriae Cutis and wild Fushen， amino acids and peptides were the most abundant in Poria and cultivated Fushen， carbohydrates were the most abundant in Poriae Cutis. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ triterpenoids had higher amounts in Poria and cultivated Fushen， type Ⅲ triterpenoids were more abundant in Poriae Cutis， all four types of triterpenoids were higher in Fushenmu， and type Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅳ triterpenoids were higher in wild Fushen. A total of 12 common differential chemical constituents were screened， including serine， guanosine， gallic acid， 2-octenal， maltotriose， trametenolic acid， dehydroeburicoic acid， dehydrotrametenolic acid， poricoic acid A， poricoic acid B， poricoic acid E and G， but the relative contents of them varied significantly among different medicinal materials. ConclusionAmong the five P. cocos medicinal materials， the types of constituents are generally similar， but their relative contents differed significantly among these medicinal materials， especially in the distribution of triterpenoids. The integration of UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS， MDF and GNPS can provide a reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of other Chinese medicines.