A sensitive analytical method based on reversed microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography ( MEEKC) combined with on_line preconcentration technique was developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) in cosmetics. For six lipophilic PAHs analytes which are difficult to be separated under conventional conditions, three stacking techniques including large volume sample stacking ( LVSS) , dynamic pH junction and sweeping ( LVSS_DypH_sweep ) were combined to realize the efficient preconcentration and separation. Under the optimum conditions, including the microemulsion buffer with the composition of 2. 4%(w/w)SDS_0. 6% (w/w) octane_6. 6% (w/w)n_butyl alcohol_20 mmol/L NaH2PO4 ( pH 2 . 2 ) , HCB injection time of 20 s ( 16 kPa ) and sample injection time of 80 s ( 16 kPa ) , good enrichment effect was reached with the enrichment factors ranged from 25 to 80 , and the PAHs were analyzed successfully within 27 min. The developed method was used to analyze the PAHs in cosmetics. The recoveries ranged from 90 . 6% to 95 . 9%. The RSD values ( n=5 ) were less than 5 . 1%.

Qi-Gui-Yin (QGY) compound, which composes of five herbal medicines of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Artemisia annua L., and Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc., which is able to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria with antibiotics, and also to delay or even reverse the bacterial resistance producing. However, QGY compound is a complex mixture. And it is very difficult to elaborate its material foundation. Therefore, chemical constituents in five herbal medicines were summarized through searching of the related literatures. And then, 170 kinds of bioactive ingredients were classi-fied in order to provide evidences for the study on chemical constituent of QGY compound and identify its mate-rial foundation of delaying drug resistance .

Various new ophthalmic formulations have been prepared to enhance ocular bioavailability,while lots of irritant sub-stances are applied,including surfactants,polymers and other cationic materials. Therefore,safety of the preparations has been paid more and more attention besides the efficacy. Since in vitro experiments lack of associated enzymes and integral reaction of organiza-tion,the reasonability and correlation of the results extrapolated to the animal experiments still need to be further proved. The in vivo common eye irritation methods( winking,histopathological slices,Draize score and confocal microscopy test etc)were reviewed,eval-uated and analyzed in the paper.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in the central and peripheral nervous system, and also in the visceral organs. Although in recent years skin biopsy is useful for the antemortem diagnosis of this disease, it is often misdiagnosed due to its highly variable clinical manifestations. A case of NIID is reported here. The patient had a long course of disease, mainly presenting as dysfunction of autonomic nervous system. No significant cognitive impairment was found. Thus, a new idea is provided for the diagnosis of this disease.

Objective:To observe the effect of enriched rehabilitation training on cognitive function, plasma mir-146a-5p microRNA precursor levels and inflammatory factors in persons with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).Methods:Fifty-eight persons with PSCI were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 29. The observation group was given enriched rehabilitation training, while the control group was provided with conventional cognitive rehabilitation training. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), the Digit Span Test (DST), parts A and B of the Trail Making Test (TMT A-B) and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used to assess the subjects′ cognitive functioning and their ability in the activities of daily living (ADL). Plasma levels of mir-146a-5p, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected before and after the treatment.Results:After treatment, the average MOCA, DST and MBI scores, as well as the average TMT A-B times had improved significantly for both groups. However, the observation group′s averages were significantly better than those of the control group on all three tests. After the treatment, the average plasma expression of miR-146a-5p had increased significantly in both groups, but the increase in the observation group was significantly greater. Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly lower than before the treatment, with the average TNF-α level in the observation group significantly lower than that of the control group.Conclusions:Enriched rehabilitation training can improve the cognition of stroke survivors more effectively than conventional cognitive rehabilitation training. That may be related to the up-regulation of plasma miR-146a-5p and reducing inflammation.

Embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS) is the non-lacunar ischemic stroke without intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis and overt cardiac embolism. This article reviews the etiology, classification, diagnosis and management of ESUS with related clinical trials and discusses its future research.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of driving pressure (ΔP)-guided PEEP titration on lung injury in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).Methods:Forty-six American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 19-28 kg/m 2, with Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score assessed as medium to high risk, scheduled for elective RARP, were divided into control group (group C, n=23) and ΔP titration group (group D, n=23) using a random number table method.Volume-controlled mechanical ventilation was used after anesthesia induction and tracheal intubation.In group C, 5 cmH 2O was used to fix PEEP.In group D, the optimal PEEP was titrated after computer-controlled breathing and after establishing Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum, the first titration started from 4 cmH 2O and increased by 1 cmH 2O every 4 min until ΔP reached the minimum value or PEEP increased to 12 cmH 2O, and the second titration was increased in increments as the method described above based on the optimal PEEP of the first titration.At 4 min after completion of the first PEEP titration (T 1, 4 min after mechanical ventilation with fixed PEEP in group C), 2 h after establishment of Trendelenburg position (T 2), 1 min after extubation (T 3) and 2 h after operation (T 4), serum concentrations of Clara cell protein (CC16), surfactant protein D (SP-D), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). Pulmonary complications were assessed within 7 days after operation. Results:The serum concentrations of CC16, SP-D, sRAGE and sICAM-1 were significantly higher at T 2-4 than at T 1 in two groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the serum concentrations of CC16, SP-D, sRAGE and sICAM-1 were significantly decreased at T 2-4 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of pulmonary complications within 7 days after operation in group D ( P>0.05). Conclusions:ΔP-guided PEEP titration can reduce lung injury in elderly patients undergoing RARP.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation during induction of anesthesia on perioperative atelectasis and oxygenation in elderly patients.Methods:Forty-six elderly patients of either sex, aged 65-80 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective cerebrovascular intervention surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=23 each) according to the random number table method: control group (group C) and CPAP ventilation group (group CPAP). During induction of anesthesia, CPAP was set at 5 cmH 2O during spontaneous breathing, and PEEP was set at 5 cmH 2O when spontaneous breathing disappeared, and the ventilation mode was changed to pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) mode in group CPAP. CPAP was not set, and PEEP was set at 0 cmH 2O for PCV when spontaneous breathing disappeared in group C. During anesthesia maintenance, PCV-volume guaranteed mode was used in both groups, and PEEP was set at 5 cmH 2O. Whole lung CT scanning was performed immediately after radial artery catheterization (T 0), at 1 min after endotracheal intubation (T 1), and before tracheal extubation (T 2) at the end of operation to calculate the percentage of atelectasis area at 1 cm above the right diaphragm. At T 0, T 1, T 2 and 30 min after entering postanesthesia care unit (T 3), blood samples from the radial artery were taken to record PaO 2 and PaCO 2 and calculate the oxygenation index (OI). Results:Compared with the baseline at T 0, the percentage of atelectasis area was significantly increased at T 1 and T 2 in two groups ( P<0.05); PaO 2 was significantly increased at T 1 and T 2 and decreased to T 0 level at T 3, OI was decreased at T 1 and T 2 and increased to T 0 level at T 3 in two groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the percentage of atelectasis area was significantly decreased and PaO 2 and OI were increased at T 1 and T 2 in group CPAP ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO 2 at each time point between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:CPAP ventilation during induction of anesthesia can reduce the development of perioperative atelectasis and improve the oxygenation in elderly patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) ventilation strategy during induction of general anesthesia on atelectasis after induction in obese patients.Methods:A total of 86 patients, aged 30-60 yr, with body mass index of 28-35 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱor Ⅲ, scheduled for elective cerebrovascular intervention under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=43 each) using a random number table method: CPAP group (group C) and routine group (group R). Group C received CPAP 5 cmH 2O-assisted ventilation after preoxygenation for spontaneous breathing and disappearance of spontaneous breathing. Chest CT scan and arterial blood gas analysis were performed after entering the operating room (T 1) and 5 min after endotracheal intubation (T 2) to calculate the percentage of atelectasis area and to record PaO 2. Dynamic lung compliance and plateau pressure were recorded at T 2. Mean minute ventilation under controlled breathing, P ETCO 2, and use of vasoactive drugs during induction were recorded. The occurrence of reflux and aspiration during mask ventilation was recorded. The development of pulmonary complications within 3 days after operation was recorded. Results:Compared with group R, the percentage of atelectasis area at T 2 was significantly decreased, PaO 2, dynamic lung compliance and plateau pressure were increased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in mean minute ventilation, P ETCO 2, requirement for vasoactive drugs and incidence of pulmonary complications in group C ( P>0.05). No reflux or aspiration was observed during mask ventilation. Conclusions:CPAP (5 cmH 2O) strategy during anesthesia induction can reduce the degree of atelectasis after induction in obese patients.

In the past decade,based on the “common disease-common variant” hypothesis,genomewide association studies (GWAS) have been extensively used to dissect the genetic components of complex diseases and quantitative traits.However,the identified disease-associated common variants by GWASs can only explain small part of the corresponding disease heritability.“Common disease-rare variant” hypothesis has been proposed to explore the missed heritability.With the development of the next generation sequencing technology,various association studies of less common variants are ongoing.This paper provides an overview of the study designs and statistical tests of these variants.