Severe liver diseases such as liver failure and acute decompensated cirrhosis have critical conditions and high mortality rates,and the prognosis of such patients is closely associated with early warning,timely dynamic assessment,and comprehensive and effective therapy.The patients require a series of effective clinical management measures for elimination of causative factors,organ support,and prevention and treatment of complications.Medical treatment-artificial liver-liver transplantation is an important modality for severe liver diseases.Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,stem cell therapy,and bioartificial liver have a promising future,while there are still controversies over non-selective β-blocker.This article reviews the hotspots in the clinical management of severe liver diseases.

This paper reviews the current situation of dementia care in the emergency setting at home and abroad, and compares the contents of person-centred care practices, such as identifying and assessing dementia patients, changing caregivers ′ attitudes, creating a good emergency environment, and mastering and providing effective nurse-patient communication, with the aim of providing a reference basis for developing a standardised care plan for dementia patients in the emergency setting, with a view to providing more scientific and efficient emergency care for dementia patients.

Objective:Applying bibliometrics to analyze the research history, hotspots and trends of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) interventions in edema-related diseases, and to provide reference for the revision of diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for edema in TCM.Methods:The literature about edema treated with TCM was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM from 1 st. Jan 1995 to 25 th. May 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer softwares were used to draw the knowledge map, and analyze the co-occurrence relationship and clustering characteristics of the institution, author, keywords and mechanism hotspots. Results:Totally 3 198 articles were included. The annual number of documents issued generally shows a spiral rise trend. Liaoning University of Chinese Medicine published the most articles. Core authors published the most articles were Sun Wei (13 articles); the team with the highest cooperation intensity was Yang Hongtao's team; keywords formed 7 clusters. Hotspot mechanisms included metabolic disorders, immune balance, anti-inflammation, calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Keywords in the past 7 years were membranous nephropathy, chronic heart failure, diabetes, lymphedema etc.Conclusions:The attention paid to the intervention of TCM in the field of edema is generally on the rise, and has decreased in the past two years. The research categories focus on the experience of famous doctors, clinical trials, and mechanistic studies, and nephropathy-related edema has been the focus of research; diabetic nephropathy, chronic heart failure, metabolomics, and immunotherapy are expected to be the focus of attention in the next stage.

Background::Patients with pneumoconiosis have an elevated risk of contracting pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and need particular attention. However, extensive population-based studies on the prevalence of PTB in patients with pneumoconiosis have not been reported in China since 1992. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of PTB in patients with pneumoconiosis based on its social determinants and risk factors in China.Methods::Based on the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) framework, data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of patients with pneumoconiosis from China’s 27 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) from December 2017 to June 2021. By chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the epidemiological characteristics of PTB in the patients were identified based on its prevalence and odds ratio (OR) and associated social determinants and risk factors. The population attributable fractions (PAFs) of significant risk factors were also calculated.Results::The prevalence of PTB in patients with pneumoconiosis ( n = 10,137) was 7.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.0-8.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors included in-hospital exposure to patients with PTB (OR = 3.30, 95% CI: 2.77-3.93), clinically diagnosed cases (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 2.42-4.34), and northeastern regions (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.76-3.31). In addition, lack of work-related injury insurance (WRII), being born in a rural area, being unemployed, living in western regions, household exposure to patients with PTB, smoking, being underweight, complications of pulmonary bullae or pneumothorax, hospitalization history, and former drinkers among the rural patients were also statistically significant risk factors. Being born in a rural area, lack of WRII and in-hospital exposure to patients with PTB had higher PAFs, which were 13.2% (95% CI: 7.9-18.5%), 12.5% (95% CI: 8.3-16.7%), and 11.6% (95% CI: 8.8-14.3%), respectively. Conclusion::The prevalence of PTB in pneumoconiosis remains high in China; it is basically in line with the CSDH models and has its characteristics.

Osteochondral defects caused by various factors are still difficult clinical problems. With the development of tissue engineering, the strategies and methods for repairing osteochondral defects in the past decade have made great progress, and some osteochondral tissue stratified stent products have gradually entered the clinical trial stage.. The related articles on tissue engineering for the treatment of osteochondral defects were retrieved by searching databases with key words osteochondral defects, cartilage repair and hierarchical scaffolds. This paper discussed the research status of hierarchical scaffolds in osteochondral tissue engineering during recent five years. In this work, the classification of hierarchical scaffold including monophasic scaffolds, bilayered scaffolds, multilayered scaffolds and gradient scaffolds, are summarized by comparing different experiment researches. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of hierarchical scaffolds were introduced through analyzing relevant studies. Monophasic scaffolds can support the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but lack the inherent stratified structure features required for osteochondral regeneration.. Bilayered scaffolds consist of a chondral layer and subchondral layer which base on the biocompatibility of monophasic scaffolds. Biphasic scaffolds are significantly better than monophasic scaffolds in simulating natural cartilage, but the interface between chondral and subchondral layer is poor binding. Compared with bilayered scaffold, trilayered scaffolds are added with an intermediate layer which simulates the calcification of normal cartilage between the two layers, so as to obtain better connection of the bone and cartilage layer. Unlike hierarchical scaffolds, gradient scaffolds provide a gradient connection between the layers, which is more similar to the native osteochondral tissue. In the past five years, the development of osteochondral layered scaffolds mainly depended on the novel structure and fabrication methods of scaffolds. However, correlational clinical studies are quite few. Further high quality and large clinical studies are still required.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy evaluation criteria of the existing TCM treatment for edema RCT research, and to provide reference for the construction of unified standards.Methods:The batabases CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, Pubmed and Web of Science were retrieved. The randomized controlled trials for the treatment of edema of TCM research, from September 1, 1993 to July 31, 2022, were screened and included. The content of efficacy evaluation, performed statistics on evaluation standard, the curative effect evaluation indexes, as well as standard composition, usage were extracted. We analyzed the characteristics, application and problems of the existing efficacy evaluation criterion.Results:A total of 123 Chinese articles were included. The included literature involved nephrogenic edema, cardiogenic edema, idiopathic edema, apoplexy limb edema and other edema. In recent years, randomized controlled trials on the treatment of edema by TCM have mainly used four efficacy evaluation criteria. Of which the Guidelines for Clinical Research on New Chinese Medicines (Trial) in 2002 had the highest utilization rate of 29.27%. Secondly, the utilization rate of Standard for Diagnosis and Curative Effect of TCM Diseases and Syndromes was 21.14%. The rest of the criteria were used by less than 6%. While 39.02% of the literature did not use the standards or used self-designed standards. Among the composition of efficacy evaluation indices, the application rate of TCM syndrome or symptom efficacy index was the highest (91.87%), the utilization rate of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire Indicators was only 4.88%; biochemical tests accounted for a large proportion of Western medical indicators, while the measurement of edema severity was rarely applied. Conclusions:At present, the evaluation criteria of edema curative effect are diversified and insufficiently popularized, which need to be further screened and improved. It is suggested to construct a TCM edema efficacy evaluation model based on the characteristics of edema syndrome, comprehensively evaluate the efficacy from multiple dimensions such as TCM syndromes, western medicine indicators, and quality of life, and improve the scientific indicators.

Artificial Intelligence ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Rare Diseases ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis*