Objective To investigate the value of ISS in predicting mortality after multiple trauma.Methods A total of 550 patients with multiple trauma treated from March 2007 to May 2011 were divided into survivor group (n =473) and death group (n =77) according to the outcome.ISS and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ]) were used to predict patients' risk of death.Receiver operation characteristic curve (ROC) was developped to compare the area under the curve (AUC),optimal cut-off point,and prediction index for the two scoring systems.Results ISS and APACHE Ⅱ score were higher in death group than in survivor group (P ＜ 0.05).ISS showed the diagnostic cut-off point of ≥20,with a sensitivity of 76.7％,specificity of 83.7％,concordance rate of 82.7％,and AUC of 0.835.With regard to APACHE Ⅱ,the diagnostic cut-off point was ≥20,with a sensitivity of 80.5％,specificity of 89.2％,concordance rate of 88.0％,and AUC of 0.922.ISS and APACHE Ⅱ were equivalent in predicting mortality (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion ISS presents a moderate value for predicting the mortality of multiple trauma patients and it is more rational to set ISS≥20 points as the criteria for severe multiple trauma.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of interventional therapy via apical approach in complex mitral valve paravalvular leakage (PVL).Methods From January 2014 to December 2016,interventional therapy by apical approach was used in 7 patients with mitral valve PVL after mechanical valve replacement.There were 5 male and 2 female with mean age of 42-64 (51.3 ± 7.1) years.Six patients had a history of previous infective endocarditis.There were 3 cases of NYHA heart function =Ⅲ,and 4 cases =Ⅳ.The period of time between interventional therapy and previous operation was 6.5-8 (3.6 ± 3.1) years,with mitral regurgitation volume:9.5-23.1 (13.3 ± 4.7)ml.Interventional therapy of small incision method via the left sixth intercostal was carried out in the catheterization laboratory or the hybrid operation room with the patient under general anesthesia.Follow-up evaluation included peri-operational mortality,complications,improvement of cardiac function,hemolysis and postoperative residual mitral regurgitation.Results The success rate of total operation was 100％.The average operation time was 90-300 (145.7 ± 71.8) min,and the DSA radiation time was 6-25 (12.1 ± 6.5)min,with average hospitalization time of 5-12 (10.2 ± 3.5)d.The main post-operative complications included 1 case of hemoptysis,1 case of hematuria and acute renal failure,and 2 cases of blood transfusion,with blood transfusion volume of 1 200 ml and 3 290 ml,respectively.During the follow-up,there was no death.Mitral regurgitation volume decreased to 0 -1.0(0.43 ± 0.45) ml (P ＜ 0.05).All patients had improved heart function in different degree and no serious complications.Conclusions Interventional therapy via apical approach in complex mitral valve PVL has the advantages of being a simpler and safer approach,less trauma,shorter time of hospitalization,faster post-operative recovery and lower treatment cost.Its disadvantages are high difficult operation,strict indications and high technical requirements for the surgeon.By improving operation skills,choosing individualized occluders and treatment of early hemolytic complications,the success rate and long-term effect of interventional therapy can get further improved.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy between transcatheter intervention and surgical closure of para-valvular leakage(PVL)after valve replacement.Methods From May 2010 to May 2014,17 patients of paravalvular leakage af-ter valve replacement underwent interventional therapy and 11 patients underwent surgical closure.The perioperative charac-ters, mortality rate, complications and prognosis were compared between the patients underwent surgical procedure and tran-scatheter intervention.The average follow-up time was 13 months(1-36 months).Results The success rate of transcatheter intervention was 100%, while there were 2 in-hospital deaths in the surgical group(18%).Compared with surgical group, transcatheter intervention group has the benefit of shorter operation time[(84 ±36)min vs.(358 ±88)min](P<0.01),shor-ter hospitalization time[(11.9 ±12.1)d vs.(38.1 ±42.2)d](P<0.05), less transfusion[(1 029 ±455)ml vs.(1 438 ± 908)ml](P<0.05).There was no mechanical ventilation and ICU stay in the transcatheter intervention group.After tran-scatheter intervention, there was 7 residual shunt(47%)with an average shunt volume of(1.6 ±1.7)ml,which is remarkably reduced compared with pre-operation.In the surgical group, there was 1 case of residual shunt(9%).During the follow-up, there was no deaths in both groups, with improved heart function and no serious complications.Conclusion In the treatment of paravalvular leakage after valve replacement,transcatheter interventiontechnique has the advantages of simpler and safe ap-proach, less trauma, shorter time of hospitalization,faster post-operative recovery and lower treatment cost.This method is one of the new technology in the field of minimally invasive cardiac surgery in recent years.By improving operation skills,choosing individualized occluders and treatment of early hemolytic complications, the success rate and long-term effect of interventional therapy can get further improved.