For the high cost and mobility issues, a home uterine contraction pressure monitoring system based on Windows CE platform was developed. In this paper, the design of hardware circuit, micro-controller system and LabVIEW program based on Windows CE are discussed. The clinical validation experiment in hospital for this system was made and the experimental results show that this system complies with the trend that current medical equipment is becoming portable, homely and networked. Through real-time monitoring uterine contraction pressure, occurrence of premature birth and abortion can be prevented effectively.
Female ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Contraction

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between caregivers' nutritional knowledge and children's dietary behavior in rural areas of China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. 3361 rural caregivers and their children, aged 2 to 7 years old, were selected randomly and surveyed by questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to identify the relationship between caregivers' nutritional knowledge and the children's dietary behaviors. RESULTS: The awareness level of nutritional knowledge among rural caregivers was 57.9%; among the children surveyed, 79.6% did not like to drink milk, 66.0% were considered choosy of food, 84.1% regularly snacked, 24.4% frequently skipped breakfast, and 13.7% did not come to meals on time. Logistic regression models indicated that a caregiver with a low level of nutritional knowledge is a risk factor for a child's unhealth dietary behaviors (snacking excepted): the odds ratios (OR) of not liking to drink milk, being choosy about food, skipping breakfast or not having meals on time are 1.665, 1.338, 1.330 and 1.582, respectively. CONCLUSION Caregivers' nutritional knowledge is strongly associated with children's dietary behavior. Nutrition education programs are urgently wanted to improve caregiver's knowledge and thus to improve children's dietary behavior in rural areas of China.
Caregivers ; education ; Child ; Child Behavior ; psychology ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Feeding Behavior ; psychology ; Female ; Food Preferences ; psychology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To describe the status of, and to identify the factors associated with, complementary feeding among infants and young children aged 6- 23 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province, China. Methods: A total of 8 735 infants and young children aged 6- 23 months from 30 poor rural counties in the Wuling and Luoxiao Mountains in Hunan Province were selected by township-level probability-proportional-to-size sampling in August 2015. Questionnaires were used to collect information on the feeding status of the infants in the previous 24 hours, along with personal/family information. The qualified rate of minimum dietary diversity (MDD), the minimum meal frequency (MMF) and the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were calculated according to the WHO indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Multi non-conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze factors associated with complementary feeding among infants and young children aged 6- 23 months. Results: The findings indicated that 73.9% (6 452/8 735) of infants and young children aged 6-23 months received the minimum dietary diversity, 81.6% (7 124/8 735) of infants and young children aged 6- 23 months received the minimum meal frequency and 49.0% (4 276/8 735) of infants and young children aged 6- 23 months received an acceptable diet. Compared with the boys, the OR for the MMF and MAD for the girls were 1.15 and 1.11, respectively. Compared with the 6-11 month group, the OR for the MDD for the 12-17 month and 18-23 month groups were 0.41 and 0.38, respectively; the OR for the MMF for the 12-17 month and 18-23 month groups were 1.53 and 2.46, respectively; and the OR for the MAD for the 12-17 month and 18-23 month groups were 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. Compared with the Han ethnic group, the OR for the MDD, MMF and MAD for the Miao ethnic group were 1.43, 1.72 and 1.56, respectively; for the Tujia ethnic group were 2.21, 2.02 and 2.11, respectively; and for the Dong ethnic group were 0.62, 0.61 and 0.64, respectively. When analyzing data related to the children's mothers, compared with women who gestated at the age of 25- 29, the OR for the MMF for women who gestated at less than 20 years of age was 1.59 and at greater than or equal to 35 years of age was 1.33. Compared with women with primary school education or below, the OR for the MDD, MMF and MAD for women with junior high school education were 0.77, 0.74 and 0.80, respectively; for women with senior high school education were 0.67, 0.65 and 0.68, respectively; and for women educated to university level or above were 0.66, 0.47 and 0.60, respectively. Compared with the normal birth weight group, the OR for the MMF for the low birth weight group was 0.71, and for the high birth weight group was 1.30. Compared with the caregivers who provided qualified feeding knowledge, the OR for the MDD, MMF and MAD for the caregivers who provided unqualified feeding knowledge were 1.45, 1.30 and 1.40, respectively. Compared with the breastfed group, the OR for the MDD and the MMF for the non-breastfed group were 0.53 and 0.36, respectively. All P values were <0.05. Conclusion Most infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas of China met the MDD and MMF requirements, but fewer met the MAD requirements. The risk factors in infants and young children for complementary feeding included being of female gender, lower in age (months), of Miao or Tujia ethnicity, being born to a mother who gestated at less than 20 or ≥35 years of age, being born to a mother of low education, having a high birth weight, having a caregiver who provided unqualified feeding knowledge and being breastfed.

Objective: To describe the situation and identify factors associated with malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas in Hunan Province in 2015. Methods: 8 735 rural infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 30 poor counties of Wuling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains in Hu'nan province were selected by township-level probability proportional to size sampling (PPS) in August 2015, infants' body length and weight were measured, and questionnaires were used to collect infants' information on personal and family, and feeding status in the past 24 h. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were calculated according to the Growth Standards of Child Aged Under 7 in China which was established in 2009 by Community Health Department of National Health and Family Planning Commission, China (formerly Chinese MOH), and the prevalence of malnutrition was calculated according to the classification of children with anthropometric failure. Multi non-conditional logistic regression model were used to analyze factors associated with malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months was 13.7% (1 198/8 735), the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting among infants and young children aged 6-23 months were 4.8% (419/8 735), 9.7% (849/8 735) and 6.1% (531/8 735) respectively. Compared with male group, the OR value of malnutrition for the female group was 1.16; Compared with Han ethnic group, the OR value of malnutrition for the Miao and Tujia ethnic group were 0.83 and 0.66, respectively; Compared with mother with an education level of primary school or below, the OR value of malnutrition for the mother with junior high school, senior high school and university or above education were 0.65, 0.61 and 0.56, respectively; Compared with father with an education level of primary school or below, the OR value of malnutrition for the father with senior high school and university or above education were 0.71 and 0.61 respectively; Compared with normal birth weight group, the OR value of malnutrition for the low birth weight group and high birth weight group were 2.85 and 0.27 respectively; Compared with normal delivery group, the OR value of malnutrition for the premature delivery group was 1.37; all P values<0.05. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas in Hunan province in 2015 was high; Infants and young children who were female, Han ethnic, parents with low education, low birth weight and premature delivery had higher risk of malnutrition.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation between environmental factors and the occurrence of congenital heart disease (CHD). METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Mothers of 123 patients with congenital heart disease and 246 normal newborns were interviewed with standardized questionnaires. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were performed to analyze the influencing factors. RESULTS: As shown in multivariable logistic model, gravida with occupational exposure (OR=4.10), or gravida with chronic diseases during progestational pregnancy (OR=5.95), gravida with abnormal childbearing history (OR=6.27), and gravida catching a cold in the early stage of pregnancy (OR=2.07) would increase the risk of CHD. On the contrary, eating meat, egg (OR=0.18) and milk (OR=0.23), and taking multivitamin and microelement (OR=0.35) during the pregnancy reduced the risk of CHD. CONCLUSION The risk of the offspring developing CHD is associated with gravida's exposure to many environmental factors during pregnancy. It is time to strengthen the intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of CHD.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Environment ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective:To investigate the status and influential factors associated with 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea among infants and young children at the age of 6-23 months in poor rural areas.Methods:A total of 8 735 rural infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 30 poor counties of Wuling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains in Hunan Province were selected in August 2015,and the questionnaires were used to collect information on the prevalence of fever and diarrhea,person and families,and feeding status.The data for prevalence of fever and diarrhea in infants and young children were calculated,and multi-non-conditional logistic regression model were used to analyze the influential factors.Results:The 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea in infants and young children was 20.8％ and 12.2％ respectively.The ages (OR=0.66,95％CI 0.58 to 0.75),Dong ethnicity(OR=1.42,95％CI 1.17 to 1.74) and low body weight (OR=1.31,95％CI 1.11 to 1.54) were influential factors for fever among infants and young children in poor rural areas;female (OR=0.86,95％CI 0.76 to 0.98),12-17 months (OR=0.80,95％CI 0.69 to 0.93),18-23 months (OR=0.51,95％CI 0.43 to 0.60),other ethnic minorities (OR=1.70,95％CI 1.13 to 2.56),non-complementary feeding (OR=1.65,95％CI 1.05 to 2.59) and low body weight (OR=1.39,95％CI 1.14 to 1.70) were the influential factors of diarrhea among infants and young children.Conclusion:The 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas were quite serious.Low age,Dong ethnicity,and low birth weight are high risk factors for fever.Male,no addition of complementary feeding,and low birth weight are high risk factors for diarrhea.