The most suitable antigenic frozen sections are the sections of infected mice liver and adult worm of Schistosoma japonicum at 7th week and 6th week after infection respectively; the most suitable thickness of section is 7?m. The antigenicity of liver tissue-egg frozen section(TEFS) is markedly higher than that of adult worm frozen sectin(AWFS) and of liver tissue-egg paraffin embedded section.TEFS, as antigen, is considered to be of high sensitivity(96.7%), high specificity (98.7%) and lower cross reaction rates(0~3.3%) in IEST for diagnosis of schistosomiasis. The sensitivity of TEFS-IEST ig markedly higher than that of AWFS-IEST and that of COPT. The main advantages of TEFS-IEST are lower cost of the antigen, high sensitivity and rapid yield of results.

Objectives The relationship between homocysteine ( Hcy ) and lipid levels in renal transplant patients was analyzed to investigate the effect of hyperlipidemia on renal function and the importance of lipid monitoring in renal function after renal transplantation.Methods 492 patients outpatient follow-up of renal transplants from November 2014 to April 2015 in the Department of Urology and 221 healthy subjects from Shanghai First People′s Hospital were enrolled and their serum Hcy, Total cholesterol( TC) ,triglycerides( TG) , High density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-C) , Low density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL-C ) were tested.All the subjects were divided into normal group and abnormal group according to the serum Hcy levels.At the same time serum cysteine protease inhibitor C(CysC) level was tested to estimate glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),grouping according to the principle of Chronic Kidney Disease( CKD)《Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative》( KDOQI) staging criteria.The co-relationship between serum TC, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C levels and the possibilities of high cardiovascular risk factors, and the relationship between of serum Hcy and lipid levers, kidney function were analyzed based on the standard of“2007 China Adult dyslipidemia prevention and treatment guidelines”.Statistical methods using U test、chi square analysis, correlation and multiple regression analysis.Results The serum TC(4.48 -5.85),TG (1.05-1.91),HDL-C(1.33-2.01),LDL-C(2.53-3.72) and Hcy(11.99-20.23) levels in the renal transplantation group were higher than the control group′s TC ( 4.02-5.33 ) , TG ( 0.81-1.74 ) , HDL-C (1.11-1.58),LDL-C(2.21-3.32), Hcy(8.9-12.4) levels.(P=0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,P<0.01) In the renal transplantation group,serum Hcy levels was negatively correlated with eGFR and HDL-C levels (r=-0.565, -0.197, P<0.01), and was positively correlated with TG levels.(r=0.107, P<0.05) In renal transplantation group ,the serum levels of HDL-C was significant lower in Hcy-abnormal group(1.15-1.77)than the normal group(1.35 -1.97) (P=0.001,P<0.01),while the serum levels of LDL-C (2.51-3.93) was higher than the normal group(2.44 -3.69) (P=0.023,P<0.05).In the renal transplantation group,the count ratio of lipid risk factors in the Hcy-abnormal group (0 item 55.4%,1 item 23.5%,2 items 14.2%,3 items 6.5%,4 items 0.4%)was higher than normal group(0 item 69.8%,1 item 17.2%,2 items 9.1%,3 items 3.9%,4 items 0.0%) ( P=0.019,P<0.05).Ranked serum Hcy levels with cardiovascular risk factors, high-risk factors count ratio of eGFR 45-60 ml/min/1.73 m2 group was significant higher than eGFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2 group in each level(P=0.018,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis was carried out on the risk factors of serum TG, LDL-C, Hcy levels respectively, the results show that serum TG,LDL-C,Hcy levels and differences in renal function have statistical significance (P=0.00,0.00,0.00,P<0.01).Conclusions The serum TG,LDL-C and Hcy levels in the renal transplantation group were consistent increase and associated with kidney injury.The differences in TG, LDL-C, Hcy levels of renal transplant patients may cause differences in renal function after transplantation.Monitoring of serum lipids and Hcy levels is helpful for forecast the possibility of kidney injury.

Objective To explore the influence between perioperative nutritional support and outcome of refractory constipation patients complicated with megacolon.Methods Seventy-three patients with refractory constipation complicated with megacolon receiving surgical interventions were enrolled,both by gastrointestinal decompression and total parenteral nutrition support treatment.Thirty-seven cases who could not recover intestinal tract unobstructed,did not receive enteral nutrition support treatment and surgery as control group; 36 cases of patients with intestinal recovery unobstructed,after 2 weeks of total enteral nutrition support undergoing elective surgery as observation group.The nutrition indicators,surgery and postoperative complications between two groups were compared.Results The operation time and intraoperative blood loss compared between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).The operation method between two groups was statistically significants (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of anastomotic bleeding,anastomotic fistula and pneumonia in observation group were lower than those in control group [2.8％ (1/36) vs.21.6％ (8/37),0 vs.13.5％ (5/37) and 0 vs.13.5％ (5/37)],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The hospitalization time,incidence of incision infection,urinary retention,intestinal obstruction between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The postoperative hospital stay in observation group was shorter than that in control group [(12 ± 3) d vs.(25 ± 6) d],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The index comparison on admission similar between two groups had no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).The preoperative fat weight,fat mass and serum albumin,transferrin and prealbumin in observation group were higher than those in control group [(41.9 ± 7.6) kg vs.(38.7 ± 3.0) kg,(13.2 ± 4.0) kg vs.(7.8 ± 2.7) kg,(37.9 ± 2.6) g/L vs.(31.3 ± 2.5) g/L,(2.9 ± 0.6) μ g/L vs.(2.0 ± 0.6) μ g/L,(243.7 ± 25.2) mg/L vs.(141.2 ± 11.9) mg/L],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).After 1 month,the weight,fat weight,protein quality,fluid in cells and extracellular fluid,body mass index,albumin,transferrin in observation group were better than those in control group [(55.1 ± 6.4) kg vs.(50.9±4.7) kg,(42.9 ± 3.2) kgvs.(39.1 ± 1.3) kg,(12.2 ± 1.4) kg vs.(9.7 ± 3.2) kg,(23.7 ± 5.0) Lvs.(18.8 ± 5.5) L,(10.9 ± 4.5) L vs.(7.7 ± 0.8) L,(22.3 ± 1.9) kg/m2 vs.(17.5 ± 3.6) kg/m2,(41.9 ± 4.7) g/L vs.(33.1 ± 2.9) g/L and (3.5 ± 0.7) μg/L vs.(2.7 ± 0.5) μg/L],there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Refractory constipation complicated with megacolon requires surgical intervention,should as far as possible to restore the intestinal function preoperatively,enteral nutrition support treatment,can significantly reduce the incidence of perioperative complications.

Objective To investigate the significance of testing serum homocysteine for renal transplant patients .Methods 445 renal transplant patients from outpatient follow‐up(renal transplant group) and 100 healthy subjects(control group) were enrolled in the study ,whose serum homocysteine(Hcy) ,Cystatin C(CysC) ,creatinine(Cr) were tested .Then according to the eGFR(refered to the principle of NKF‐K/DOQI) patients of renal transplant group were divided into six subgroups .Serum levels of Hcy and Cr were compared among different groups ,and the relationship between serum Hcy concentration and anti‐rejection drugs were ana‐lyzed .Results In the transplant group ,concentrations of Hcy were obviously higher than that in control group(P<0 .05) .There was no significant difference in Hcy concentrations among renal transplants who had taken different anti‐rejection drugs(P>0 .05) . Concentrations of CysC and Cr were significantly associated with Hcy in renal transplant group(r=0 .481 ,0 .456 ,P<0 .05) .There was significant difference between eGFR≥90 subgroup and control group in CysC concentration(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Concen‐tration of Hcy in renal transplant group was obviously higher than that in control group .With the eGFR decreased ,Hcy increased gradually ,and in transplant group was associated with the concentration of CysC and Cr .There was significant difference between eGFR≥90 subgroup and control group in Hcy and CysC concentrations(P<0 .05) .The different anti‐rejection drugs had no effect on serum Hcy levels .

AIMTo study the protective effect of sodium oxybate (SO) against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and the relationship between the effects of SO and ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA). METHODSThe reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)model in rats was established to investigate the role of SO. The scores of neurological deficits was detected by Longa EZ method in MCAO rats. The extracellular levels of glutamate (Glu) and GABA in CSF were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorometer (HPLC-FR) method, and the weight of cerebral infraction was detected. RESULTSThe scores of neurological deficits and the weight of cerebral infraction markedly decreased by SO while the ratio of GABA/Glu obviously increased administered SO in MCAO rats. CONCLUSIONSSO could prevent MCAO rats from ischemia-reperfusion injury, the protective effect is related to SO keeping dynamic balance of excition-inhibition, and persisting inhibition-depended effect.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of Candesartan on chronic systolic heart failure in Tibetan pla?teau. Methods A total of 526 patients with chronic systolic heart failure were divided into two groups randomly (Treatment group N=252;Control group N=274). Regular medicines, such as cardiac, diuretic and vasodilator drugs , are given to pa?tients in both groups according to their primary underlined diseases. Additionally, enalapril is added in control group, while candesartan is added in treatment group. Improvement of cardiac function, LVEF, LVEDD and blood pressure were compared between these two groups after 8 weeks. Results There was no significant difference in effective rate (i.e., 45.2%in treat?ment group and 44.9% in control group, respectively), efficiency rate (i.e. 54.8% in treatment group and 55.1% in control group, respectively) and inefficiency rate (i.e. 2.0%in treatment group and 2.2%in control group, respectively) between treat?ment and control groups . After treatment, LVEF in the two groups are all improved, while LVEDD and blood pressure both de?creased with statistical significance. However, the difference between the two groups is not significant. Conclusion No sta?tistical difference was found in curative effect on chronic systolic heart failure in Tibetan Plateau between two groups.

Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral differential blood count and ATP value in Cell CD4 + T tested by ImmuKnow method in liver transplants. Methods In this study 49recipients after classic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were enrolled. In a period from two weeks to two months after transplantation when all were free of glucocorticoid. Blood were sent for WBC differential samples count and ATP value in Cell-CD4 + T tested by ImmuKnow method via SPSS17. 0 software. Five more samples were selected randomly for duplicated testing of the indices in Week2, 3, 4,6 and 8 after the transplanting operation to further verify the relativity. Results White blood cell count has the highest relativity with ImmuKnow ATP value at 0. 821. The 5 recipients were repeatedly tested for ImmuKnow ATP values that were found positively correlated to cell count with a coefficient of over 0. 5. Conclusions The peripheral leukocyte count in early stage after liver transplantation is in positive correlation with ATP value in Cell CD4 + T, and the changes of numeration of leukocyte reflect changes of ATP value.

In this paper,through the questionnaire analysis of teachers' teaching quality,the author got to know the students were contented with the teaching quality and there were some problems in the classroom teaching. Moreover,the author offered a few advises to improve the teaching level and teaching quality.

0.05).Compared with control group, cell inhibition rate significantly increased in rhGH+L-OHP group (63.2% vs. 50.8%,P

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the protective effect of sodium oxybate on neuronal damage induced by hypoxia reoxygenation and GABA A receptor in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. METHODS: The primary cultured rat cortical neurons were used to make the hypoxia reoxygenation damage model. The morphology of cell was observed. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) effluxed into the media as an indicator of neuronal injury was detected after 6 h of the reoxygenation injuries. The malonyldialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were determined at the same time. RESULTS: The hypoxia reoxygenation caused neuronal swelling and widespread neuronal degeneration, increased LDH efflux and MDA contents, and decreased SOD and GPX activities. Sodium oxybate assuaged neuron damage, decreased LDH efflux and MDA contents (P