Objective To investigate the effect of microbubble-enhanced non-focused ultrasound on posttraumatic liver hemorrhage.Methods Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits with posttraumatic liver hemorrhage were divided into control group,microbubble group,ultrasound with microbubble group,and heparin with ultrasound and microbubble group according to the random number table,with five rabbits per group.Thrombin time (TT),prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),fibrinogen (FIB),and coagulation reaction time (R value) and mechanical strength (A value) of the thrombelastogram were detected.Pre-and post-treatment bleeding were measured to evaluate the hemostatic effect.Liver specimens were harvested to perform histopathological study with HE staining.Results TT [(25.8 ± 11.3) s] and APTF [(58.7 ± 18.7) s] in heparin with ultrasound and microbubble group showed significant prolongation compared with other three groups (P ＜ 0.05).Control group showed higher FIB than other three groups,but the differences were insignificant (P＞0.05).PT did not differ significantly among groups (P＞0.05).R value [(78.3±5.1) min] and A value [(0.13 ± 0.05)mm] in heparin with ultrasound and microbubble group differed significantly from these in other three groups (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences between other three groups( P>0.05 ).After treatment,bleeding area in heparin with ultrasound and microbubble group [(2.2 ±1.3)cm2] wasincreased when compared to ultrasound with microbubble group[(0.8+0.7) cm2](p< 0.05 ), butboth were lower than that in control group [( 5.7+0.6)cm2 ]and microbubble group [( 5.3 ±0.6)cm2]( P<0.05). HE staining showed significant hepatic cell edema in ultrasound with microbubble groupand heparin with ultrasound and microbubble group that compressed hepatic sinus,blood vessels in theportal area and central vein,and significant blood stasis in blood vessels.Conclusion Microbubblesenhanced non-focused ultrasound has good hemostatic effect for posttraumatic liver hemorrhage.

Fathers play an important role in supporting maternal breastfeeding. Father's self-efficacy in supporting breastfeeding can predict the outcome of breastfeeding. This article reviews the concept, evaluation tools, roles, status, influencing factors, and intervention measures of self-efficacy in father's support for breastfeeding, so as to provide suggestions for further promoting the formation of breastfeeding intervention plans, thereby improving marital relationships, and promoting infant health.

Purpose To evaluate the function of swallowing by examining the relative motion of the hyoid bone and larynx(HL)via ultrasonography,and to explore the value of HL motion ratio in the evaluation of stroke with pharyngeal dysphagia.Materials and Methods A total of 43 stroke patients with dysphagia(dysphagia group)and 43 healthy adults(healthy control group)from June 2021 to April 2022 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled.The displacement and motion time of HL were measured by ultrasonography when the participants swallowed 5 ml water.The median flow tracking algorithm was implemented in Python language to measure the displacement of the hyoid bone,the movement time of the hyoid bone,the displacement of the larynx and the movement time of larynx,and then HL movement ratio was calculated,respectively.The differences in ultrasonography measurements between the two groups were compared,and the influencing factors of stroke with dysphagia were screened out via Logistic regression analysis.Then the receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,the area under curve and the cut-off value,sensitivity and specificity were calculated subsequently.Results The larynx motion time(static phase),the larynx displacement(elevation phase)and the HL motion ratio were significantly related to swallowing in healthy participants,with significant differences between the two groups(t=4.97,6.38,6.17,P<0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the HL motion ratio was the influencing factor of stroke with dysphagia(OR>1,P<0.05).The optimal cut-off value of the HL motion ratio for the diagnosis of dysphagia was 0.58,leading to a sensitivity of 86.0%,a specificity of 93.0%and the area under curve of 0.967,respectively.Conclusion Ultrasonography can quantitatively evaluate the motion of the HL during swallowing,and the HL motion ratio can be considered as a parameter for the evaluation of stroke with dysphagia,providing new insights for clinical diagnosis of dysphagia.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and integrate the evidence from both domestic and international sources on the management of artificial airways in children.Methods:All evidence on the management of artificial airways in children, including clinical decisions, evidence-based guidelines, expert consensus, best clinical practice manuals, evidence summaries, systematic reviews and so on was retrieved through computer on UpToDate, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-based Healthcare Center Database in Australia, Guidelines International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, American Association for Respiratory Care, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, China Biomedical Medline Disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, Medlive, and other databases and websites. The search period was from database establishment to April 30, 2022. We evaluated the quality of the included literature, extracted and integrated evidence, determined the level of evidence recommendation.Results:A total of 24 articles were included, including four clinical decisions, six evidence-based guidelines, one systematic review, six expert consensus, one evidence summary, one industry standard, four best clinical practice manuals, and one original study. Finally, 36 recommendations were summarized from five aspects, including artificial airway establishment, airbag management, airway humidification, endotracheal suction and prevention of complication.Conclusions:Artificial airway management in children is crucial for the treatment of critically ill children. The summary of the best evidence can provide a theoretical basis for the standardized management of artificial airways in children.

From the perspective of technical evaluation, this article introduces the focus of clinical evaluation of dental implants (systems) in comparison with the comparable devices and discusses the clinical evaluation of such products，combined with the clinical evaluation review of dental implants (systems) products in recent years, in order to provide reference for the registration of these products.
Dental Implants

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of triglyceride （TG）/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） ratio on the onset of primary liver cancer. MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted. Physical examination data were collected from 99 750 cases of on-the-job and retired employees of Kailuan Group who participated health examination from July 2006 to December 2007， and they were followed up till December 31， 2021 to observe the onset of primary liver cancer. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between multiple groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. According to the tertiles of TG/HDL-C ratio， the subjects were divided into Q1， Q2， and Q3 groups， and the incidence density of primary liver cancer was calculated for each group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence rate of primary liver cancer in each group， and the log-rank test was used to compare the difference in cumulative incidence rate between groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the influence of TG/HDL-C ratio on the onset of primary liver cancer. ResultsThere were significant differences between the three groups in age， proportion of male subjects， waist circumference， body mass index， fasting blood glucose， systolic pressure， diastolic pressure， triglyceride， total cholesterol， HDL-C， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol， alanine aminotransferase， high-sensitivity C-reactive protein， chronic liver diseases， hypertension， diabetes， the family history of malignant tumor， drinking， smoking， physical exercise， and educational level （P<0.05）. During the mean follow-up time of 14.06±2.71 years， there were 484 cases of new-onset liver cancer， among whom there were 446 male subjects and 38 female subjects. The incidence density of primary liver cancer was 0.39/1 000 person-years in the Q1 group， 0.35/1 000 person-years in the Q2 group， and 0.30/1 000 person-years in the Q3 group， and the cumulative incidence rates of primary liver cancer in the three groups were 6.03‰， 5.28‰， and 4.49‰， respectively， with a significant difference between the three groups based on the long-rank test （χ²=6.06， P=0.048）. After adjustment for the confounding factors considered， the Cox proportional hazards model showed that compared with the Q3 group， the Q1 group had a hazard ratio of 2.04 （95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.61‍ ‍—‍ ‍2.58， P_{for trend}<0.05）， and the Q2 group had a hazard ratio of 1.53 （95%CI： 1.21‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.92， P_{for trend}<0.05）. ConclusionThe reduction in TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with an increase in the rask of primary liver cancer， especially in people with chronic liver diseases.

【Objective】 To compare the histological characteristics of porcine pancreatic elastase （PPE） induced abdominal aortic aneurysms （AAA） and angiotensin Ⅱ （AngⅡ） induced AAA in mice. 【Methods】 In the PPE group， the mouse abdominal aorta segment from the infrarenal abdominal aorta to the iliac artery was isolated and its branch arteries were ligated to avoid leakage during PPE perfusion. We perfused the isolated aorta segment with a PPE solution at a concentration of 1.5 U/mL for 5 min and then closed the abdominal cavity. The diameter of the abdominal aorta was measured before and 14 days after the surgery， and the perfusion segment of the arteries was collected at day 14 after the surgery. The histological characteristics of the aneurysm were analyzed and graded by histological and immunohistochemical methods. In the AngⅡ group， ten apolipoprotein E knockout mice were prepared， and AngⅡ [1 000 ng/(kg·min)] was infused with osmotic pumps for 28 days. The aorta was separated and the aneurysm aorta segment was analyzed. The wild type mice were used as normal health controls. 【Results】 In the PPE group， the diameter of the PPE perfused aorta segments increased and was significantly larger than the basal diameter ［（0.52±0.02） mm vs. （1.23±0.11） mm］ at day 14 after surgery. All the ten mice developed AAA after PPE application. The histological results showed typical pathological features of AAA in PPE perfused mice， such as elastic fiber breakage， smooth muscle exhaustion， and increased inflammation. Six of the ten mice developed aneurysms after AngⅡ infusion （6/10）. The aneurysms/dilatations were mostly in the suprarenal abdominal aorta， but also in the thoracic aorta and aortic arch. The histology analysis showed that the formation of arterial dissection was common after AngⅡ infusion， and the typical vascular “false lumen” was found. The breakage of elastic fibers， the exhaustion of smooth muscle damage， and the inflammatory response were not as typical as the PPE model in AngⅡ perfused animals. 【Conclusion】 The histological characteristics of PPE induced AAA are very typical and well present the inflammatory process in the development of aneurysm. The AngⅡ model is suitable for the study of aneurysms combined with aortic dissection. Both models have their own advantages and can complement each other.

Humans ; Female ; Prevalence ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cancer Survivors ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Liver

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of Jingangteng capsules in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. METHODS Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and modeling group. The modeling group was fed a high-fat diet to establish a NAFLD model. The successfully modeled rats were then randomly divided into model group， atorvastatin group[positive control， 2 mg/（kg·d）]， and Jingangteng capsules low- and high-dose groups [0.63 and 2.52 mg/（kg·d）]， with 6 rats in each group. The pathological changes of the liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and oil red O staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the serum levels of triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， IL-18. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and metabolomics techniques were applied to explore the effects of Jingangteng capsules on gut microbiota and metabolisms in NAFLD rats. Based on the E-mail：591146765@qq.com metabolomics results， Western blot analysis was performed to detect proteins related to the nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB）/NOD-like receptor family protein 3 （NLRP3） signaling pathway in the livers of NAFLD rats. RESULTS The experimental results showed that Jingangteng capsules could significantly reduce the serum levels of TG， TC， LDL-C， AST， ALT， TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， IL-18， while increased the level of HDL-C， and alleviated the hepatic cellular steatosis and inflammatory infiltration in NAFLD rats. They could regulate the gut microbiota disorders in NAFLD rats， significantly increased the relative abundance of Romboutsia and Oscillospira， and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Blautia （P＜0.05）. They also regulated metabolic disorders primarily by affecting secondary bile acid biosynthesis， fatty acid degradation， O-antigen nucleotide sugar biosynthesis， etc. Results of Western blot assay showed that they significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and NF-κB inhibitor α， and the protein expression levels of NLRP3， caspase-1 and ASC （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Jingangteng capsules could improve inflammation， lipid accumulation and liver injury in NAFLD rats， regulate the disorders of gut microbiota and metabolisms， and inhibit NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Their therapeutic effects against NAFLD are mediated through the inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.