ObjectiveTo investigate the value of hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of infertility.MethodsHysterosalpingographic and clinical materials of 1 320 cases with infertility were collected and analyzed retrospectively. ResultsAmong 1 320 cases, the percentage of abnormal uterus was 9.55 ％. Bilateral patency of fallopian tubes cases were accounted for 46.67％, and bilateral obstruction and unilateral obstruction were accounted for 27. 05％ and 26.29％ respectively. The obstruction position of the interstitial portion, the isthmus, the ampulla, the complete fimbrial and the part fimbrial were 23.94％, 16.21％ ,6.13％ ,23.09％ ,30. 63％ respectively. The accidence of tubal obstruction in the secondary infertility group was significantly higher than that in the primary group (P ＜0.01 ) ,and in the secondary infertility group,the bilatral tubal obstruction frequencies for “abortion times ≥3”were significantly higher than those for “abortion times ＜ 3” ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The pregnancy rate was 27.65％ in three months after hysterosalpingography. ConclusionHysterosalpingography was a cost-effective and indispensable method for diagnosing female infertility.

Objective To explore the effect of low calorie metabolism on the survival of HeLa cells exposed to X-rays,and the influence of starvation on the antioxidative factors in the blood of rats after irradiation.Methods MTT method was used to evaluate the impact of different concentration glucose on the proliferation of HeLa cells.Colony formation assay was employed to detect the influence of glucose ( 1,5,10 and 25 mmol/L) on radiosensitivity of HeLa cells. Flow cytometry assay was used to analyze distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis.60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 rats each.Rats in every two groups were fed ad libitum,fasted for 24 h and fasted for 48 h,respectively.Rats in one group of each approach were respectively exposed to whole-body X-rays at 11 Gy. At 2 h after irradiation,all of rats were sacrificed and their venous blood was collected.Elisa kits were used to detect superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC).Results An increased viability was observed in HeLa cells treated with the glucose at low concentration ( ＜25 mmol/L),while HeLa cell growth was inhibited by glucose at doses of ＞25 mmol/L. Relevant to cells treated with 1 mmoL/L glucose,SERs (sensitive enhancement ratio) in cells exposed to 5,10 and 25 mmol/L glucose were 1.07,1.10 and 1.23,respectively. A reduction of G2/M and S arrests and apeptosis caused by 6 Gy X-ray irradiation were observed [(49.68 ±1.88)％ and (35.54±1.45)％ at G2/M phase,(16.88 ±1.22)％ and (10.23 ±1.65)％ atS phase,t=10.42,5.61,P＜0.05]and in the cells treated with 1 mmol/L glucose compared with cells treated with 25 mmol/L glucose [ ( 25.50 ± 0.95 ) ％ and (7.56 ± 1.07 ) ％,t =21.72,P ＜0.05 ].Without irradiation,calorie restriction exhibited a negligible influence on SOD and T-AOC in rats.However,after 11 Gy irradiation,compared with rats fed ad libitum,the levels of SOD and T-AOC were significantly increased in rats with calorie restriction ( t =40.32,42.78, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Calorie restriction has a certain radioprotective effect in vivo and in vitro.

Objective To study the effect of sanguinarine on the growth and radiosensitivity of ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells.Methods Cell growth was determined by MTT and clonogenic assay.Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry assay.The cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI assay.Results Sanguinarine inhibited SK-OV-3 cell growth in a dose-and time-dependent fashion and its IC50 values were 3.02 and 1.11 μmol/L at 24 and 48 h,respectively. Sanguinarine also significantly triggered a sub-G1 peak,an indicator of apoptosis,and caused a G0/G1 arrest.Furthermore,the cell apoptosis induced by X-irradiation was significantly increased at 6 Gy when the cells were pre-treated with sanguinarine,in which the early apoptotic population increased from 10.28％ to 43.28％ (t =19.41,P ＜0.01 ) and the late apoptotic population increased from 20.26％ to 30.80％ ( t =8.78,P ＜ 0.01 ).The multi-target click model was used to fit survival curves and the SER of sanguinarine treatment approached to 1.625 at the dose of D0. Conclusions Sanguinarine could inhibit SK-OV-3 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and enhance cell radiosensitivity at low doses.

Objective To investigate the effect of EGCG on the radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells.Methods CNE-1 cells were divided into four groups:control,EGCG treatment,UVC or X-ray exposure,and EGCG combined with UVC or X-rays.After treatment with different concentrations of EGCG for 24,48 and 72 h and UVC or X-rays,cell growth was determined with MTT assay,cell survival was measured with clonogenic assay,cell cycle was deteeted with flow cytometry,cell apoptosis was detected by the annexin V-FITC cell apoptosis kit,and protein expression was assayed by Westem blot.Results EGCG inhibited cell growth in a dose-and time-dependent manner(r =0.817and 0.364).Compared with UVC or X-ray irradiation alone,the radiosensitivity of CNE-1 cells was enhanced by 2 h pre-treatment of 50 μmol/L EGCG,which disrupted S phase arrest caused by UVC( t =18.68,P ＜ 0.05 ) and increased the population of S and G2/M arrest caused by X-rays ( t =7.11 and 6.99,P ＜0.05 ).UVC could cause a significant increase of sub-G1 population( t =6.67,P ＜ 0.05 ) and Annexin V-FITC assay indicated apoptosis was further elevated by EGCG ( t =10.28,P ＜ 0.05 ).However,no significant induction of apoptosis was observed in the cells either irradiated with X-rays alone or combinationly treated with EGCG and X-rays.The combination treatment of EGCG and UVC significantly increased the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins,but failed to affect Bcl-2 protein expression.Conclusions EGCG enhances the growth inhibition of CNE-1 cells caused by UVC or X-rays,which is relevant to apoptosis induction or cell cycle arrest.

Objective To investigate the effect of ethanol on radiosensitivity of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.Methods Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were divided into four groups including control group,ethanol treatment group,X-ray exposed group,and ethanol combined with X-ray group.Clonogenic assay was used to determine cell survival.Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell cycle progression.Annexin V-FITC kit was used to determine cell apoptosis induction.Results Ethanol(50 and 100 mmol/L,50 h)had no influence on MCF-7 cell growth( t =0.82,1.15,P ＞0.05 ).The radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells was reduced when the cells were pretreated with 50 mmol/L ethanol (t =4.15,P ＜0.05)and 100 mmol/L ethanol ( t =10.28,P ＜ 0.05 ) for 2 h. Compared with irradiation with X-ray alone,ethanol treatment decreased G2/M phase arrest(t =7.18,P ＜0.05) and sub-G1population(an indicator of apoptosis induction) ( t =5.39,P ＜ 0.05).A decrease of advanced and early apoptosis in the cells pretreated with ethanol was also confirmed by Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay( t =4.86,7.59,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Ethanol causes radioresistance in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells,where the decreases of radiation-induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis may be involved.

Objective To explore the influence of honokiol on growth,cell cycle and radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,CNE-1 and CNE-2.Methods MTT assay and clonogenic assay were used to detect cell growth and survival respectively.Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell cycle progression.Annexin V-FITC kit was used to detect cell apoptosis.Western blot assay was applied to examine protein expression.Results Honokiol signficantly inhibited proliferation of CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells in a dose and time dependent manner,the IC50 value was 2.84 and 2.68 μmol/L(24 h)and 2.50 and 2.20 μmol/L (48 h),respectively.After being treated with 2.5 μmol/L honokiol for 24 h,the ratios of early apoptosis,late apoptosis and necrosis were 24.53％,23.05％ and 7.13％ in CNE-1 cells compared with the control group(t =-41.17,-8.18,-6.08,P ＜0.05).The expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Caspase-3 and Bax were significantly increased to 2.31 and 1.89 times (t =-15.92,-17.15,P ＜ 0.05),4.43 and 1.85 times (t =-29.39,-13.47,P ＜ 0.05).Simultaneously the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was reduced by 2.22 and 2.74 times(t =26.94,66.14,P ＜ 0.05) as compared with controls after being treated with 4 and 3 μmol/L honokiol.Additionally,honokiol at lower doses signicantly enhanced the senstivity of CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells to X-ray irradiation.The SER was 1.41 and 1.88 in CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells.3 Gy irradiation of X-rays increased the proportion at G2/M state in both cell lines (t =-14.96,-19.26,P ＜ 0.05).Honokiol reduced the G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by irradiation significantly (t =7.65,4.98,P ＜ 0.05).Simultaneously,cyclin B1 protein expression obviously elevated (t =-33.07,-73.49,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Honokiol is a potent inhibitor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis and necrosis and works as a radiosensitizer by disrupting G2/M cell cycle checkpoint.

Objective To study the effect of sanguinarine on growth and radiosensitivity of human glioma A172 cells.Methods MTT assay was used to evaluate cell growth.Cell cycle analysis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) burst were performed by flow cytometry assay.Annexin V/PI assay was used to detect cell apoptosis.Colony formation assay was used to detect the influence of sanguinarine on cell radiosensitivity.Results Exposure of A172 cells to sanguinarine led to dose-and time-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 4.8,3.9 and 3.2 μmol/L for 12,24 and 48 h,respectively.Furthermore,sanguinarine caused an arrest of S phase.After being treated with 5 μmol/L sanguinarine for 24 h,the ratios of early apoptosis,late apoptosis and necrosis were (60.01 ± 3.73)％,(2.70 ± 0.18)％ and (3.93 ± 0.76)％ respectively in A172 cells compared with the untreated control(t =55.28,8.32,9.51,P ＜0.05).An increased generation of ROS was found after treatment with sanguinarine,however,NAC inhibited the effect of sanguinarine.As analyzed with multi-target click model fitting curves,the SERD0 of sanguinarine-treated cells was 1.48.Conclusions Sanguinarine inhibits the A172 cells growth via apoptosis induction and ROS burst.Moreover,sanguinarine at a non-cytotoxicity dose increases cell sensitivity to X-rays.

0.05). Conclusions CEUS can accurately display the perfusion changes of CIRD model of dogs,it's more sensitive than the BUN and SCr. DPI and TTP are the most sensitive quantitative indexes of CEUS.

Objective To evaluate the contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in quantitative diagnosis of chronic renal insufficiency. Methods Correlation of CEUS indexes with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) detected by 99mTc-DTPA renography was examined. Thirty-three cases of clinical chronic renal insufficiency were enrolled in the study. They were 15 males and 18 females with average age of (43.33±6.78) years. After intravenous bolus injection of 1 ml SonoVue,CEUS of renal cortex blood perfusion was performed successfully, and a time-intensity curve (TIC)was created with PHILIPS iU22 system's QLAB software. A 148 to 222 MBq dose of 99mTc-DTPA was injected as a bolus from antecubital vein. Renal scintigraphic images were collected immediately and GFR was obtained. Results The significant correlation coefficients between GFR and CEUS quantitative indexes were as follows: rAUC (area under curve)=0.886 (P＜0.05), rA (slope rate of ascending curve, A) =0.804(P＜0.05). However, rDPI (derived peak intensity, DPI)=0.021 (P＞0.05), rTTP (time to peak, TTP) =0.043 (P＞0.05), rα (slope rate of descending curve,α)=0.039 (P＞0.05). Conclusion CEUS can precisely display the hemodynamic change of chronic renal insufficiency, which is well correlated with GFR by 99mTc-DTPA renography.

Objective To investigate the probability of high mobility group box 1 protein as a biological dosimeter of ionizing radiation. Methods The medium of cultured human fibroblast cell line GM was collected 24 h after exposed to 60Co γ-rays, and HMGB1 protein concentration was detected by ELISA assay, and the dose-effect curve was then fitted. The levels of HMGB1 protein was also detected after exposed to 4 Gy irradiation at 24,48 and 72 h. Results The level of HMGB1 protein in culture medium was increased in a dose-dependant way, and the dose-effect curve of HMGB1 level for 24 h after irradiation fitted the linear model y = 0.5655 + 0.0358x (r = 0. 9339) . After exposure to 4 Gy irradiation, the levels of HMGB1 protein in the culture medium were also increased time-dependently.Conclusion The release of HMGB1 protein to neoplasm is reactivated by irradiation in GM cell. It is necessary to further the studies on HMGB1 as biological dosimeter for radiation injury protection and therapy.