BACKGROUND: Local application of sustained-release antimicrobials serve as an adjuvant therapy of periodontitis, and the dosage form, medicine and carrier material have greatly developed. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the currant situation and progression of periodontal local sustained-release antimicrobials at home and abroad.METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI and Pubmed (1999-01/2009-10) was performed for the related articles about sustained-ralease antimicrobials, with the key words "periodontitis, treatment, medication, and sustained-ralease". The articles in the same field published recently or in authoritative journals were selected. A total of 143 articles were collected, and 40 related sustained-ralease antimicrobials were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Application of sustained-release antimicrobials is a well adjuvant therapy for some special clinical periodontitis. It is widely used due to its low dosage, long lasting-time and well target effect. The clinical application of sustained-ralease antimicrobials is promising along with the development of compound medicine and periodontal tissue regeneration.

Objective To observe the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on osteogenic differentiation abili?ty and cell proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), and to explore the role of bFGF on the process of osteogenic differencitiaion in vitro. Methods HGFs were cultured in vitro until the 3rd passage when they were divided into four groups:normal medium as group 1, normal medium with 10μg/L bFGF as group 2, osteogenic medium as group 3 and osteo?genic medium with 10μg/L bFGF as group 4. MTT assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of HGFs. Alkaline phospha?tase (ALP) staining and Alizarin red staining were applied to investigate osteogenic potential of HGFs under different culture conditions. Results bFGF at concentration of 10 μg/L could increase HGFs proliferation in both normal and osteogenic medium (P<0.01). HGFs could be induced towards osteogenic differentiation and form mineralized nodule in osteogenic me?dium. However, 10μg/L bFGF had no effects on ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation of HGFs during osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion bFGF could promote the proliferation of HGFs but show no effects on osteogenic differentiation of HGFs at concentration of 10μg/L.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and the development of silicosis in mice. METHODS: MTT test was utilized to examine the effects of bFGF-neutralizing antibody and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the mice exposed to silica on lung fibroblast cell growth. RESULTS: BALF from mice treated intrabronchially with silica promoted the growth of lung fibroblasts and anti-bFGF antibody inhibited the effect of BALF dramatically. CONCLUSION: These results indicates that bFGF secretion increases in lung in a mice silicosis model and participates in the development of silicosis.

Objective To investigate the the multi-directional differentiation potential between pluripotent of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Methods HPDLCs and HGFs were obtained from the primary culture. HPDLCs and HGFs at 3rd-4th passage were cultured in osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic me-dium. Cells without differentiation were taken as control. Alizarin red, Alcian blue and oil red O staining were performed to detect osteogenic differentiation, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation in vitro, respectively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to examine the expression of osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and collagen 1 (Col 1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) and collagen 10 (Col 10). Results HPDLCs and HGFs cultured in osteogenic medium showed massive calicium nodulus at day 28, but HP-DLCs formed more calicium nodulus than those of HGFs. The expressions of OCN, RUNX2 and Col 1 were significantly high-er in HPDLCs than those in HGFs (P<0.05). In chondrogenic medium both cells were found blue deposit at day 14, and the expression of Col 10 was significantly higher in HGFs than that of HPDLCs (P<0.01). Furthermore, in adipogenic medium HGFs showed more lipid-filled droplets stained with oil red O than HPDLCs at day 21. The expression of PPARγ2 was sig-nificantly higher in HGFs than that of HPDLCs (P<0.01). Conclusion HPDLCs has the better potency of osteogenic differ-etiation than HGFs, however, HGFs has the better potency of adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation.

BACKGROUND: As dental implants, pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V has achieved broad clinical applications, but they also contain toxic vanadium and aluminum element. Moreover, their elastic modulus is so high as to produce stress shield. OBJECTIVE: To examine the micro-hardness and elastic modulus of the self-made Ti-30Nb-8Zr-2Mo titanium alloy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational experiment was performed at the laboratory of College of Material Science and Engineering at Hebei University of Technology between March 2003 and February 2006. MATERIALS: Titanium alloy was prepared using titanium sponge (≥ 99% purify), niobium strip (≥ 99.9% purify), molybdenum powder (≥ 99% purify) and zirconium sponge (≥ 99.4% purify).METHODS: The micro-hardness of the specimens was determined after uniformly annealing, hot-forging and solution. Compression test was conducted on post-aging samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hardness and stress-strain curve.RESULTS: The maximal alloy strength was obtained after solution under 800 ℃ for 0.5 hours. Post-aging alloy's hardness was improved significantly although little change occurred on solution alloy. Compressive strength of alloy samples was 1 054 MPa, while elastic modulus reached 16.5 GPa. CONCLUSION: Both micro-hardness and elastic modulus of the self-made Ti-30Nb-8Zr-2Mo titanium alloy have satisfied performance requirements for dental implant materials.

Objective To investigate the pluripotency of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs), and provide a novel cell source for tissue engineering. Methods With informed consent from volunteers, fresh and healthy gingiva were collected. The hGFs were obtained from the gingiva by tissue culture. The third passage of hGFs was cultured in osteogenic medium, chondrogenic medium and adipogenic medium. Cells without differentiation were taken as control. Cells were examined by al?kaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining, Alcian blue staining and oil red O staining for detecting of the abili?ty of differentiation pluripotency. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to examine the expression of osteogenic marker genes ALP, runt-related transcript factor 2 (Runx2), chondrogenic marker aggrecan (AGR) and adipogenic marker peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2). Results The hGFs cultured in osteogenic medium showed massive violet deposit at day 7 and calcium nodulus at day 28, meanwhile, the expressions of ALP and Runx2 were higher than those of control (P<0.01). In chondrogenic group cells were found blue deposit at day 14. In adipogenic group lipid-filled droplets stained with oil red O were found in cells at day 14. However, hGFs in control group had no any positive stain?ing. Furthermore, expressions of AGR and PPARγ2 were significantly higher than those of control (P<0.01). Conclusion Human gingival fibroblasts have the pluripotency of osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation.

PURPOSE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disorder, the progression of which leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Chemokines are involved in RA pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the chemokine signaling pathway associated with CCL2 in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial tissues (ST) of RA patients based on our previous work about chemokine signaling pathway involved in the activation of CCL2 production in collagen-induced arthritis rat ST. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from PB leukocytes and synovium of the knee joint in both RA patients and control populations. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine CCL4, CCR5, c-Jun, c-Fos, and CCL2 expressions. Serum level of CCL2 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the production of CCL2 in ST was analyzed immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The expressions of CCL4, CCR5, c-Jun, c-Fos, and CCL2 messenger RNA in RA patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, both in ST and on PB leukocyte. Serum CCL2 levels were elevated in RA patients. Histological examination of rheumatoid joints revealed extensive CCL2 expression in RA ST. CONCLUSION: CCL2, CCL4, c-Jun, c-Fos, and CCR5 may play an important role in the recruitment of PB leukocytes into the RA joints. These data provide evidence that the chemokine signaling pathway is involved in CCL2 expression in RA patient tissues, which may contribute to chronic inflammation associated with RA. Targeting this signaling pathway may provide a novel therapeutic avenue in RA.
Adult ; Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*blood/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemokine CCL2/*blood/metabolism ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Synovial Membrane/*metabolism

Objective:To investigate the perception status of inpatients to nurses' caring behavior, and analyze the correlation between them and nurse-patient relationship trust degree. Methods:Adopting general information questionnaire, Caring Behaviors Inventory ( CBI) , nurse-patient relationship trust scale, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 226 inpatients in a third class A tertiary hospital in Tianjin. Results:The total score of ca-ring behavior perception was (96. 92 ± 15. 68), and among the four dimensions, the perception of patients to nur-ses' knowledge and skills was deepest, the perception to nurse' s contact with patients was worst; total score of nurse-patient trust scale was (124. 75 ± 19. 13). There was a positive correlation between the total score of pa-tients' caring perception and nurse-patient relationship trust degree (r=0. 554);multiple linear stepwise regres-sion analysis showed respect for patients, support and assurance were the main factors influencing the nurse-pa-tient relationship trust degree. Conclusion:The patients' perception on nurses' caring behavior and nurse-pa-tient relationship trust degree is closely related. Nurses should carry out targeted care to patients with different char-acteristics to improve patients' trust to nurses and construct a harmonious nurse-patient relationship.

Objective To investigate the influence of high glucose on Porphyromonasgingivalis(Pg)lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulating human gingival fibroblasts(HGF) to secret the cytokines.Methods HGF were obtained from the primary culture of the tissue explants.Cells were divided into four groups,low glucose(5.5 mmol/L) + 1 mg/L Pg LPS(group A); low glucose+ 10 mg/L Pg LPS(group B); high glucose (25 mmol/L) + 1 mg/L Pg LPS(group C);high glucose+ 10 mg/L Pg LPS(group D).The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in cell supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 6 h and 12 h.The expressions of toll-like receptor 2,4(TLR-2,4) were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.After pretreatment with anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibody in HGF,TNF-α and L-1β levels were detected.Results TNF-α concentration increased obviously in high glucose 6 h and 12 h after Pg LPS stimulation(P＜0.01).IL-1β secretion increased(P＜0.01).Meanwhile,TLR2,4 mRNA expression increased,especially in high glucose+ 10 mg/L Pg LPS(P＜0.01).After inhibition of the TLR2,4 in high glucose+ 10 mg/L Pg LPS respectively,TNF-α level[(297.16± 11.49),(390.01 ± 12.81) ng/L] decreased(F=166.02,P＜0.01),and IL-1β level[(49.90±4.08),(99.35±5.01) ng/L] also decreased (F=153.51,P＜0.01).Conclusions High glucose may promote Pg LPS to stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β through regulating TLR2,4 expression,which suggests that the elevating blood glucose precipitate in aggravating the process of periodontal disease.

Objective:To explore the effects of microRNA-126 (miR-126) on the proliferation of human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells (THP-1)-derived macrophages in high glucose environment and the regulatory role of miR-126 in periodontitis with diabetes.Methods:THP-1 cells were cultured in vitro and 5 μg/L phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate was applied to induce THP-1 cells differentiating into macrophages for 48 h in low glucose culture medium (5.5 mmol/L). THP-1-derived macrophages were then cultured with low glucose, medium glucose (15 mmol/L) or high glucose (25 mmol/L) media respectively. The proliferation of THP-1-derived macrophages was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and the expressions of miR-126 and proliferation-associated factors were detected by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The miR-126 mimic or inhibitor was transfected into THP-1-derived macrophages for 72 h. The proliferation of cells was detected by CCK-8 method and the expressions of miR-126 or proliferation-associated factors were detected by qRT-PCR. Results:Increasing glucose concentration decreased the proliferation of THP-1-derived macrophages (day 7, A values in low, medium and high glucose groups were 0.369±0.014, 0.214±0.009 and 0.200±0.010, respectively, P<0.01) as well as the survival rate ( P<0.05), promoted the expression of miR-126, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (BAX) and caspase-3 ( P<0.05), and suppressed Bcl-2, phosphoinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2) expression ( P<0.05). After the miR-126 mimic was transfected in cells in low glucose medium for 72 h, compared with negative control (1.005±0.118), the expression of miR-126 significantly increased (2 980.227±170.431, P<0.05), and the proliferation of THP-1 derived macrophages decreased (negative control: 1.816±0.013, mimic group: 1.310±0.048, P<0.01), the level of BAX and caspase-3 significantly increased ( P<0.01, P<0.05), PIK3R2 and Bcl-2 significantly decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01). After the miR-126 inhibitor was transfected in cells cultured in high glucose medium for 72 h, compared with negative control (0.723±0.133), the proliferation of inhibitor group increased (0.984±0.049, P<0.05), the level of BAX and caspase-3 significantly decreased ( P<0.01, P<0.05), PIK3R2 and Bcl-2 significantly increased ( P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusions:High glucose condition can inhibit the proliferation of THP-1-derived macrophages and increase the expression of miR-126. MiR-126 can inhibit the proliferation of THP-1-derived macrophages in high glucose environment through up-regulating the expression of BAX and caspase-3 and down-regulating the expression of PIK3R2 and Bcl-2.