ObjectiveTo develop a analytical method of three phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides,MCPA,2,4-D and dichlorprop,in grape leaf using dichloropropyl esterification and gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.MethodsSamples were pounded to pieces,added into internal standard 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid,acidified and extracted with ethyl ether.The extracts were cleaned up by liquid-liquid partition.The cleaned organic solutions were evaporated and the residues were dichloropropylated using sulfuric acid and 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol.The formed esters were analysed by gas chromatography.ResultsThe detection limits of MCPA,2,4-D and dichlorprop in grape leaf were 20ng/g,20ng/g,and 30ng/g,respectively.The concentritions of herbicides in grape leaf were linear over the ranger 100~1000ng/ml.The average recoveries of MCPA,2,4-D and dichlorprop in spiked grape leaf at concentrition of 200ng/g were 98.8%,101.3% and 103.1% with the coefficients of variation 11.4%,11.0% and 9.3% respectively.ConclusionThis method is sensitive and accurate for determination of these three herbicides in poisoned grape leaf.

A method was developed to assay α-Hydroxyltriazolam and α-Hydroxyalprazolam,　which are the major metabolites of triazolam and alprazolam respectively,in human urine.　After addition of 2-hydroxyflurazepam　(interal standard) and hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase, the hydroxy-metabolites were extracted with hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1) at pH　10.8, then were derivated with (BSTFA). The analysis was performed on a HP-5 capillary column with electron-capture detector.The detection limits of analysis in urine were about 1μg/L.The method was successfully applied to urine specimens collected from healthy human volunteers who ingested 0.5 mg of triazolam or 0.8 mg alprazolam. The method was enough sensitive to assay urine specimen excreted at 24 h by volunteers after taking the medicine.

Objective To assess set-up errors measured with kilovoltage cone-beam CT (KV-CBCT), and the impact of online corrections on margins required to account for set-up variability during IMRT for patients with prostate cancer. Methods Seven patients with prostate cancer undergoing IMRT were enrolled onto the study. The KV-CBCT scans were acquired at least twice weekly. After initial set-up using the skin marks, a CBCT scan was acquired and registered with the planning CT to determine the setup errors using an auto grey-scale registration software. Corrections would be made by moving the table if the setup errors were considered clinically significant ( i. e. , ＞ 2 mm). A second CBCT scan was acquired immediately after the corrections to evaluate the residual error. PTV margins were derived to account for the measured set-up errors and residual errors determined for this group of patients. Results 197 KV-CBCT images in total were acquired. The random and systematic positioning errors and calculated PTV margins without correction in mm were:a) Lateral 3. 1,2. 1,9. 3;b) Longitudinal 1.5, 1.8, 5. 1 ;c) Vertical 4. 2,3.7, 13.0. The random and systematic positioning errors and calculated PTV margin with correction in mm were:a) Lateral 1.1,0. 9, 3.4;b) Longitudinal 0. 7, 1.1, 2. 5;c) Vertical 1.1, 1.3, 3.7. Conclusions With the guidance of online KV-CBCT, set-up errors could be reduced significantly for patients with prostate cancer receiving IMRT. The margin required after online CBCT correction for the patients enrolled in the study would be appoximatively 3-4 mm.

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of heme oxygenase 1,NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 and Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 in the lung tissue of acute H2S-intoxicated rats and intervention effects of ulinastratin(UTI).Methods A total of 96 SD rats of clean grade were divided randomly(random number)into four groups:normal control group(NS group,n =8),UTI control group(UTI group,n =8),H2S-intoxicated model group(H2S group,n =40,rats were exposed to H2S(200 × 10-6)for 1 h to establish the H2S-intoxicated model)and UTI treatment group(H2S +UTI group,n =40,rats were intraperitoneal injected with the dose of UTI 105 U/kg).H2S group and H2S + UTI group were sacrificed 2,6,12,24 and 48 h after modeling.The activity and mRNA expression of HO-1 and NQO-1 in the lung tissue were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR methods,and the expression of Nrf2 mRNA and protein in the lung tissue was detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot methods.Pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by lightmicroscope and the lung injury score was used to evaluate inhalation injury.Results The pulmonary HO-1 activity and mRNA expression in rats of H2S group at 2,6,12 h(P ＜ 0.01)after intoxication were markedly increased than that in NS group:In comparison with H2S group,the pulmonary HO-1 activity and mRNA expression increased at 6,12,24,48 h(P ＜0.01).The pulmonary NQO-1 activity and mRNA expression in rats of H2S group at 2,6,12,24 h(P＜ 0.01)after intoxication were markedly increased than that in NS group; In comparison with H2S group,the pulmonary NQO-1 activity and mRNA expression increased at 6,12,24,48 h(P ＜ 0.01).The pulmonary Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression in rats of H2S group at 2,6,12 h(P ＜0.01 or P ＜0.05)after modeling were markedly increased than that in NS group and reached peak 2 hour after modeling; In comparison with H2S group,the pulmonary Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression increased at 6,12,24,48 h(P ＜0.01).At 24 h after modeling,the degree of lung damage were also decreased in H2S group compared with H2S + UTI group in the lightmicroscope.Histopathological examination showed that the degree of lung injury in H2S + UTI group was less severe than that in H2S group especially in the 12,24 and 48 h (P ＜0.01).Conclusions HO-1,NQO-1 and Nrf2 are involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury induced by H2S-intoxicated in rats.UTI may improve the imbalance in redox and activate HO-1,NQO-1 and Nrf2 can reduce lung injury and protect the lung injury induced by H2S in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect and related mechanism of CD137 stimulation on aortic atherosclerotic plaque calcification in high fat diet fed ApoE-/-mice and on calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Methods (1) ApoE-/-mice fed with high fat diet were randomly divided into 3 groups:CD137 activated group (treated by 200 μg CD137 agonist i.p.once per week for 6 weeks,n =5);CD137 inhibited group (anti-CD137 group:200 μg anti-CD137 antibody + 200 μg CD137 agonist,i.p.,once per week for 6 weeks,n =5) and control group (n =5).Von kossa staining was used to observe the calcification of the aortic plaque and VSMCs.Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of BMP-2 and Runx2 which are known mediators of osteogenic differentiation.(2) The mouse aortic VSMCs were obtained by Patch-attaching method.The calcium content was measured by Methylthymol Blue complexone method.The mRNA expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and Runx2 were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR).The protein levels of BMP-2,Runx2 of the VSMCs were determined by Western blot.Results (1) In vivo,the plaque calcified area in ApoE-/-mice was significantly larger in CD137-agonist group than that in control group ((1.75 ± 0.33) × 104 μm2 vs.(0.23 ±0.07) × 104 μm2,P ＜0.01),and this effect was significantly reduced by cotreatment with CD137-antagonist ((0.83 ± 0.30) × 104 μm2 vs.(1.75 ± 0.33) × 104 μm2,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of BMP-2 and Runx2 were all significantly upregulated in CD137-agonist group than in control group (both P ＜ 0.01),again,this effect was blocked by cotreatment with CD137-antagonist (P ＜0.05).(2) Consistent with the in vivo results,VSMCs calcification was also more serious in CD137-agonist group than in control group,which could be significantly attenuated by eotreatment with CD137-antagonist.In VSMCs,calcium content level in CD137-agonist group was higher than in control group ((0.001 3 ± 0.000 2) mmol/mg protein vs.(0.000 7 ±0.000 1) mmol/mg protein,P ＜ 0.01),which could be significantly reduced by co-treatment with CD137-antagonist ((0.000 9 ± 0.000 2) mmol/mg protein vs.(0.001 3 ± 0.000 2) mmoL/mg protein,P ＜0.01).The mRNA and protein levels of BMP-2 and Runx2 were significantly upregulated in CD137-agonist group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05),which could be significantly down-regulated by cotreatment with CD-137 antagonist (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CD137 activation can promote vascular calcification in high fat diet fed ApoE-/-mice both in vivo and in vitro.

Objective To explore whether CD137-CD137L signaling can promote angiogenesis in atherosclerosis plaque via activating nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1).Methods Apolipoprotein E knock out mice were divided into the following groups:control group (n =5),CD137 activated group(n =5) and CD137 inhibited group (n =5).Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of CD31 in aortic plaque.Endothelial cells (bEnd.3) were purchased from ATCC and divided into the following groups:control group,IgG isotype control group,CD137 activated group and CD137 inhibited group.Western blot was used to determine total protein and nucleoprotein expression of NFATc1.The expression level of CD137 protein on the surface of endothelial cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and CD137 protein of lysate of endothelial cells was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Transwell assay was used to observe the migration ability of endothelial cells.Matrigel tube formation ability of endothelial cells were tested in the following groups:control group,CD137 activated group,silent NFATc1 + CD137 activated group,CD137 inhibited group,and over expressed NFATc1 + CD137 inhibited group.Results (1) In vivo,the expression level of CD31 was significantly higher in the aortic plaque of CD137 activated group than in control group(1 191 ± 187 vs.115 ± 30,P ＜ 0.05),while which was significantly downregulated in CD137 inhibited group (450 ± 92,P ＜ 0.05).(2) The level of nucleoprotein(3.07 ±0.03 vs.1.00 ±0.00,P ＜0.05) and total protein(2.18 ± 0.30 vs.1.00 ±0.00,P ＜0.05) of NFATc1 were significantly higher in CD137 activated group than in IgG isotype control group.The level of nucleoprotein(0.82 ±0.04) and total protein(0.84 ± 0.09) of NFATc1 were significantly lower in CD137 inhibited group than in CD137 activated group(both P ＜ 0.05).(3) FCM results showed that the fluorescence intensity of CD137 on the cell membrane was significantly higher in endothelial cells stimulated by TNF-α than in normal endothelial cells(5 163 ± 329 vs.1 660 ± 162,P ＜ 0.05).(4) ELISA examination showed that the level of CD137 protein was significantly higher in endothelial cells stimulated by TNF-α than in normal endothelial cells ((573.4 ± 23.7) pg/mg vs.(69.5 ± 16.7) pg/mg,P ＜ 0.05).(5) Migration cell number was remarkably higher in CD137 activated group than in IgG isotype control group(1.19 ±0.13 vs.1.00 ±0.00,P ＜0.05) and significantly lower in CD137 inhibited group(0.82 ± 0.06) than in control group (P ＜ 0.05).(6) Values of the formation of the tube length ((5.76 ± 0.18) mm vs.(4.21 ± 0.11) mm,P ＜ 0.05) and branch number (29.38 ± 1.28 vs.21.13 ± 0.96,P ＜0.05) were both significantly higher in CD137 activated group than in the control group.The formation of the tube length ((1.90 ±0.11)mm) and branch number(8.91 ±0.72) were significantly lower in silent NFATc1 + CD137 activated group than in the CD137 activated group (both P ＜ 0.05).The formation of the tube length ((1.28 ± 0.34) mm) and branch number (5.07 ± 0.35) were also significantly decreased in the CD137 inhibited group compared with the CD137 activated group (both P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the CD137 inhibited group,the formation of the tube length ((4.82 ± 0.09)mm) and branch number(24.44 ± 1.05) in the over expressed NFATc1 + CD137 inhibited group was increased (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CD137 can promote the angiogenesis in atherosclerosis plaque by activating NFATc1.

Objective:To explore the definition and connotation of the thriving in the elderly, so as to provide reference for clinical practice.Methods:This study systematically searched databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFangdata, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science using keywords such as "aged" and "thriving". The search period was from database establishment to June 10, 2023. Walker's eight-step analysis method was used to conduct concept analysis on the thriving in the elderly.Results:A total of 14 articles were included. The defining attributes of the thriving in the elderly included good self-perception, utilizing existing resources to adjust self-expectation, and achieving self-growth and development. The antecedents were a positive attitude, high-quality caregivers and care services, a good physical and humanistic environment. The consequence was that elderly people had great adaptability, subjective experience, and health level.Conclusions:The thriving in the elderly is a subjective well-being achieved by the interaction among an individual, the humanistic and physical environment, which is affected by various factors such as individuals and environment. It is a new concept that has emerged in the international field of geriatric nursing in recent years, focusing on the positive aspects of aging and providing new directions for research in geriatric nursing.

Objective: To establish a risk assessment system for infectious disease prevention and control in schools in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou and determine risk levels for each school, and propose corresponding risk management measures, so as to provide a scientific reference for infectious disease prevention and control in primary and secondary schools. Methods: Based on the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method, potential failure analysis and current situation investigation of infectious disease prevention and control risks were conducted in 110 primary and secondary schools from 2022 to 2024 in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou. Risk levels were classified using K-Means cluster analysis. Results: Through expert panel discussions using FMEA, 6 first level indicators and 28 second level indicators were identified. The top three risk priority numbers were implementation of required prevention and control measures for clustered infectious disease outbreaks in schools in the past three years ( 189.00 ), student morning/afternoon health checks (168.00), and reporting status of clustered infectious disease outbreaks in schools in the past three years (144.00). The comprehensive prevention scores of schools ranged from 61.00 to 98.00 (mean: 87.40 ). There were no statistically significant differences in the average scores(primary school: 88.17±7.39, nine year consistent education: 86.26±7.68, junior high school: 85.55±8.20, and high school: 88.72±4.91) and risk level distribution of schools with different educational stages( F/H=0.95,1.47, P >0.05).K-Means cluster analysis divided the schools into 5 risk levels with cluster centers at 93.25, 85.78, 79.69, 70.29, 61.00 ( F=309.21, P <0.05), with 80% of schools classified as low risk or below. Conclusion The infectious disease prevention and control risk assessment system for primary and secondary schools can be established, and hierarchical management can be conducted according to school risk levels, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of school infectious disease prevention and control, and enhancing the precision and sustainability of prevention efforts.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of aprepitant in the treatment of cisplatin based chemotherapy in-duced nausea and vomiting.Methods The tumor patients treated with cisplatin(80 mg/m2)chemotherapeutic regimen in Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from December 1,2014 to December 1,2016 were selected,61 cases still had vomiting after using granisetron and dexamethasone for routinely stopping vomiting,the patients with aprepitant and dexamethasone for fur-ther stopping vomiting served as the aprepitant group,while the patients with granisetron and dexamethasone as the granisetron group.Then the complete response(CR)rates within 24,24-72,>72-144 h were observed in the two groups.Results The CR rates within 24 h in the aprepitant group and granisetron group were 66.67% and 51.61% respectively,the difference was not sta-tistically significant(P=0.232),which at 24-72 h were 80.00% and 54.84% respectively,the aprepitant group was significantly better than the granisetron group(P=0.036),which at >72-144 h were 86.67% and 64.52% respectively,the aprepitant group was better than the granisetron group(P=0.045).The comparison of adverse reactions between the two antiemetic drugs found that constipation,diarrhea,urticaria,fatigue and anxiety had no significant difference(P>0.05),the occurrence rate of total adverse reactions in the aprepitant group was 23.33%,which in the granisetron group was 25.81%,the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Aprepitant combined with dexamethasone has better effect for treating hy-peremetic chemotherapy drug cisplatin chemotherapy caused nausea and vomiting with good tolerance.

Objective To confirm whether strain ratio should be added after evaluation of lesions with 5-point elasticity scoring for differentiating breast lesions on ultrasonic elastography(UE).Methods Eight hundred and forty-six consecutive female patients with 1 071 breast lesions were recruited into a multicenter retrospective study,which involved 8 centers across China.All the patients underwent the UE procedure and the strain ratios were calculated.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,PPV and NPV were calculated for each of the two evaluation systems and the areas under the ROC curve were compared.Results The strain ratios of 559 benign lesions(2.7±1.4)and 512 malignant lesions(8.1±5.9)were significantly different (P<0.001).When the cutoff point was 3.03,strain ratio method had 81.6% sensitivity,89.7% specificity,81.7% accuracy,80.2% PPV and 84.2% NPV.The areas under the ROC curve with the strain ratio method and 5-point scoring method were 0.865 and 0.862,respectively(P =0.622).For the lesions with elasticity score 3 and 4,the areas under the ROC curve of the two Methods were 0.71 1 and 0.629, respectively(P = 0.020).Conclusions Although the two UE Methods have similar diagnostic performance,separate calculation of the strain ratios seems compulsory,especially for the lesions with elasticity score 3 and 4.