Objective To study the pathologic features,differential diagnoses and pathogenesis of splenic vascular tumors.Methods The records of 7 patients with splenic vascular tumors were reviewed.Immunohistochemical studies were performed by EnVision assay.Results The histopathologic diagnoses were hemangioma (n=2),lymphangioma (n=2) and hemolymplangioma (n=3 ).Positive immunoreactivity of CD31 and CD34 was found in vascular endothelial cells,and D2-40 expression was only identified in lymphatic endothelial cells.Conclusions Immunohistochemical staining of D2-40,CD31,CD34 was very helpful in the diagnosis of splenic vascular tumors.

Objective To analyse the relationship between lymphatic vessels invasion and clinical pathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC ) .Methods The expressions of D2-40 and CK19 were examined in the 104 specimens of PTC using immunohistochemical staining with combined monoclonal antibodies and cocktail double enzyme labeled antibody( D2-40/CK19) stainings.The two methods were compared in the diagnosis of PTC metastasis, and the factors affecting lymphatic vessels formation were analyzed.Results The positive rate of lymphatic vessels invasion was 37.5%(39/104) by using immunohistochemical staining with combined monoclonal antibodies and 53.8%( 56/104 ) by cocktail double enzyme labeled antibody ( D2-40/CK19 ) staining ( P<0.05).The lymph node metastasis rate was 83.9%(47/56) in the group with lymphatic vessels invasion, significantly higher than that without invasion 22.9%(11/48, P<0.01).The age of patients, diameter of primary tumor were the influence factors of lymphatic vessels invasion in PTC patients(P<0.05 and P=0.063).Conclusion Cocktail double enzyme labeled antibody ( D2-40/CK19 ) staining is a better method to detect lymphatic vessels invasion in PTC than immunohistochemical staining with combined monoclonal antibodies.

Objective To investigate the relationship between KRAS,NRAS and BRAF gene mutations and clinicopathological parameters in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC).Methods By using TagMan real-time PCR method KRAS/NRAS/BRAF hotspot mutations were detected in 260 cases of CRC.The associations between KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutation status and clinical pathological characteristics were analysed in different groups divided by gender,age,tumor size,tumor differentiation.Results (1) The KRAS hotspot mutations were G12D,G12A,G12R,G12C,G12V,G12S in codon 12 and G13 C,G13D in codon 13.They were identified in 43.1％ CRC.KRAS mutation rate was higher in females than in males (P =0.05) and the mutation rate in patients ≥ 60 years was significantly higher than that in patients ＜ 60 years(P =0.008).The incidence of metastasis and mortality were higher in KRAS mutant than in KRAS wild type (P =0.004,P =0.037).(2)The NRAS hotspot mutations were in codon1 2,13 and 61.They were identified in 4.6％ CRC.NRAS mutation rate was significantly higher in patients ≥ 60 years and well-differentiated tumors (P =0.032,P =0.042).(3) The mutation rate of BRAF V600E in CRC patients was 4.6％.BRAF V600E mutation rate was significantly higher in patients ≥60 years,with distant metastases and tumors ＞ 5 cm (P =0.032,P =0.026,P =0.038).The incidence of metastasis and rucurrence and mortality were higher in BRAF mutant (P =0.030,P =0.002,P =0.007).Conclusions In CRC patients,KRAS mutations correlate with demographic factors,metastasis and mortality,NRAS mutations correlate with age and tumor differentiation,while BRAF mutation correlate with age,tumor size,metastasis,recurrence and mortality.

Objective To purify Shiga toxin Ⅱ (STX Ⅱ) of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157: H7 by affinity chromatography, and characterize its biological function. Methods The immno-affinity chromatography column was prepared by STX Ⅱ A subunit-specific antibody S1D8 coupling to Sepharose 4B matrix. The purity and specificity of STX Ⅱ molecule secreted by EHEC O157:H7 were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot, respectively. The purified toxin was serially diluted and the toxic activities to Vero cell line and mice were observed. The 50% cytotoxic dose (CD50) for Vero cell line and 100% lethal dose (LD100) for mice were calculated. The protection effect of anti-STX Ⅱ polysera to the mice against the purified toxin challenge was also observed. Results STX Ⅱ was successfully purified from culture supernatant of EHEC O157:H7 using affinity chromatography scheme. The relative molecular weights of STX Ⅱ A and B subunits were 32 000 and 7 500 confirmed by SDS-PAGE, respectively. The purified toxin could react with monoclonal antibodies against STX Ⅱ A and B subunits, respectively.The toxin was cytotoxic to Vero cell with CD50 of 20 ng/L and lethal to mice with LD100 of 5 ng.The toxin could be neutralized by anti-STX Ⅱ polysera in vivo. Conclusion STX Ⅱ is successfully purified and its toxic effects are confirmed in both cell line and mouse model.

Objectives To explore the characteristics of status and different populations of prehospital death associated with acute coronary events among young adults in Beijing.Methods Data of acute coronary events of hospitalization or death were obtained from the Hospital Discharge Information System from Beijing Public Health Information Center and Death Register System from Beijing Center for Disease Control in Beijing.The total case fatality rate of acute coronary events and proportion of prehospital coronary heart disease (CHD) death were compared upon gender,area,occupation and marital status among people aged between 25-45 years old.Results A total of 3489 cases were identified during 2007 to 2009 with acute coronary events ( male:3183,female:306),with a mean age of (40.5 ± 4.3 ) years old.The 3-years' overall mortality was 26.0％,with female's higher than male's (51.0％ vs 23.6 ％,P ＜ 0.05 ) ; and it was higher in rural area than in urban areas (28.9％ vs 22.9％,P ＜0.05).Ninety-five percent of death due to acute coronary events occurred prehospital,with the proportion of 95.2％ in male and 94.2％ in female. Among the people with different occupations, self-employed people had the highest rate of prehospital death.Majority of prehospital deaths (64.8％ ) occurred at home.Conclusion More than 90％ of deaths caused by acute coronary events among young adults aged between 25-45 years old occurred before been admitted into hospital,and the site of prehospital deaths was mainly at home.

Objective:To investigate the effects of standardized treatment combined with medical nutrition intervention on blood glucose level, body mass management and glucose metabolism at 3 months postpartum in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:A total of 114 patients with GDM who received treatment in Shunyi District Hospital of Beijing from June 2017 to October 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into observation group ( n = 57) and control group ( n = 57). The control group was treated with standardized therapy, and the observation group was treated with standardized therapy combined with medical nutrition intervention. Blood glucose level, body mass management, glucose metabolism outcomes at 3 months postpartum, pregnancy outcome, and neonatal outcome were compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) after breakfast, and 2hPG after dinner in the observation group were (5.20 ± 0.34)%, (4.69 ± 0.31) mmol/L, (7.32 ± 2.13) mmol/L, and (7.54 ± 2.36) mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(6.38 ± 0.42)%, (6.34 ± 0.45) mmol/L, (9.01 ± 2.27) mmol/L, (9.35 ± 2.47) mmol/L, t = 16.48, 22.79, 4.09, 4.00, all P < 0.001]. The increases in body mass and body mass index during pregnancy in the observation groups were (12.19 ± 2.35) kg and (4.52 ± 1.13) kg/m 2, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(16.21 ± 2.64) kg, (6.11 ± 1.25) kg/m 2, t = 8.58, 7.12, both P < 0.001]. The abnormal rate of glucose metabolism at 3 months postpartum in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [5.3% (3/57) vs. 8.8% (5/57), χ2 = 0.53, P = 0.462]. The incidences of premature rupture of membranes, polyhydramnios, and cesarean section in the observation group were 5.3% (3/57), 14.0% (8/57) and 15.8% (9/57), which were significantly lower than those in the control group [22.8% (13/57), 35.1% (20/57), 40.4% (23/57), χ2 = 7.27, 6.81, 8.51, all P < 0.05]. There were no significant differences in the incidences of pregnancy-induced hypertension and postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The incidences of premature births, macrosomia, respiratory distress, neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia in the observation groups were 5.3% (3/57), 3.5% (2/57), 7.0% (4/57), 3.5% (2/57), 5.3% (3/57), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [22.8% (13/57), 17.5% (10/57), 21.1% (12/57), 15.8% (9/57), 19.3% (11/57), χ2 = 7.27, 5.96, 5.60, 4.93, 5.21, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Standardized treatment combined with medical nutrition intervention can effectively reduce blood glucose level in patients with GMD, control body mass, and improve glucose metabolism at 3 months after delivery.

OBJECTIVETo detect potential mutation in a large Chinese pedigree affected with congenital corneal dystrophy.

METHODSTwo patients from the pedigree were subjected to whole exome sequencing to determine the candidate gene. Suspected mutation was verified in 13 additional members by directional Sanger sequencing. Ccorrelation between genotype and phenotype was explored.

RESULTSA missense mutation, c.1877A>C (p.His626Pro), was detected in exon 14 of the TGFBI gene in 8 patients from the pedigree, but not in five unaffected members and 100 unrelated healthy controls. Respectively, the mutation was predicted as "affecting protein function", "probably damaging" and "disease causing" by SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and MutationTaster.

CONCLUSIONThe c.1877A>C mutation of the TGFBI gene probably underlies the disease in this pedigree.