Aim To evaluate whether the combination of polypeptide AP25 and docetaxel is more efficient in treating experimental breast cancer,than either reagent used alone,and to offer suggestions for clinical use. Methods An experimental breast carcinoma model was set up to investigate the anti-tumor effects of AP25 and docetaxel combination.The Q value was caluculat-ed by Guinness rules and the anti-tumor effects of the combination of polypeptide AP25 and docetaxel were e-valuated.Results The treatment by the combination of polypeptide AP25 and docetaxel showed a better tumor inhibition rate.The combination of AP25 20 mg ·kg -1 and docetaxel 10 mg·kg -1 significantly inhibi-ted the tumor growth with 0.85 1.15,showing a synergistic effect.Conclusions The combination of AP25 and docetaxel can significantly in-hibit the tumor growth with a synergistic effect and de-crease the dose of chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the inhibition of pathogenic viral gene expression in HPV6bE6-positive cell line by specific siRNA, which might have great potential for clinical use. Methods B16 cells were transfected with recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-GFP/HPV6bE6, and the positive cell clones were selected by fluorescence protein observation and RT-PCR. Four specific siRNAs, none of which shares homology with exons of known human genes, were designed and synthesized to target HPV6bE6 mRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the inhibition rates of target gene expression by comparing HPV6bE6 mRNA concentrations before siRNA transfection with those after transfection. The inhibition rates of target gene expression with different siRNA concentrations of 0.2 nmol/L, 1 nmol/L, 10 nmol/L, 50 nmol/L, 150 nmol/L and with different treatment time at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after transfection were measured respectively. Results More than 90% reduction of HPV6bE6 mRNA was observed following treatment with HPV6bE6-siRNA, and HPV-negative cells were apparently unaffected by HPV6bE6-siRNA. The decrease of HPV6bE6 mRNA was maximal at 24 h after siRNA treatment and sustained for at least 4 days. The minimal level of siRNA to efficiently silence the homogeneous target gene HPV6bE6 was 1 nmol/L. Conclusion HPV6bE6-siRNA can efficiently and specifically silence target genes and may be developed as a potential therapeutic approach for HPV infection.

The study is aimed to investigate the effect of lamivudine on growth and metabolism of three intestinal characteristic bacteria (namely, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae). The growth condition of the three bacteria was quantitatively evaluated by microcalorimetry with four characteristic parameters of the thermal power-time curves, including the growth rate constant (k), thermal power (p), time to peak (t) and calorific value (Q). The results showed that the IC50 value of lamivudine on B. adolescentis was 200 microg x mL(-1), and the IC50 values of lamivudine on S. dysenteriae and E. coli were higher than 3 000 microg x mL(-1) and 6 000 microg x mL(1), respectively. Therefore, lamivudine made different inhibitory effects on the three bacteria, in which the B. adolescentis was most susceptible to lamivudine. This work showed that taking lamivudine chronically is likely to affect the balance of good flora in the intestinal tract, and might increase endotoxin release, leading to inflammation and disease progression in hepatopathy.

Aims Toevaluatethepharmacodynamic efficacy of different types of antiangiogenic agents as HM-3 on a non-small cell lung cancer xenografts tumor model .To explore the interaction between the antian-giogenic agents and the tumor microenvironment,and to offer suggestions for clinical therapy.Methods Thenon-smallcelllungcarcinomaxenograftmodelwas established in Balb/c nude mice.The model mice were treated with Docetaxel(10 mg·kg-1 )as the positive control.The mice were parallelly treated with,HM-3 at the doses of 3 mg · kg-1 and 48 mg · kg-1 and, Avastin(5 mg·kg-1 ).The parameters include tumor volume,tumor weight and immunohistochemical analy-sis.Result Animalexperimentsshowedthatdocetaxel had good anti-tumor activity.Tumor growth inhibition by tumor weight of G2 docetaxel(10 mg·kg-1 )group was 60. 80%.Tumor growth inhibition by tumor weight of G3 HM-3(3 mg·kg-1 )group,G4 HM-3(48 mg· kg-1 )group ,G4 Avastin(5 mg·kg-1 )group,were 43. 60%,-34. 80%,44. 40%,respectively.Con-clusion Theantigiogeniceffectisaffectedbytumor growth stage,tumor microenvironment and their work-ing mechanisms.Angiogenesis inhibitors HM-3 has a certain effect of inhibiting tumor growth,but to little a-vail.HM-3 shows on inhibitory effect in a dose-de-pendent manner at the doses of 0~6 mg·kg-1 .HM-3 at a high dose of 48 mg · kg-1 has no inhibitory but promoting effects on human non-small cell lung carci-noma A549 xenografts in nude mice .Special dose-effect relationship indicates that dosage should be paid attention to in the clinical use of blood vessel inhibi-tors.

Tumor occurrence is usually recognized as the interplay between genetic variations within the tumor and the environment. During a long time, great effort has been made in killing cancer cells. However, the role of tumor microenvironment has been largely ignored, which plays an important role in tumor generation, growth, invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, tumor microenvironment not only facilitates the tumor infiltration, but also promotes the exchange of enzymes and cytokines to aid tumor proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Thus, better understanding of tumor microenvironment shows great importance. Recent developments in nanotechnology have brought new approaches to cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanoparticles were suggested to show enhanced efficacy, while simultaneously reducing side effects and promoting bioavailability, owing to properties such as tumor localization and active cellular uptake. Additionally, nanoparticle surface chemistry has evolved from conventional synthetic polymers to more biologically inspired strategies, including cell membrane and self-recognition peptides, to minimize nonspecific uptake of nanoparticles. In the current review, we highlight the targets in tumor microenvironment and the strategies of nano drug delivery system to target tumor microenvironment for the treatment of cancer. We also highlight design considerations to improve nano drug delivery.

Objectives To explore the characteristics of status and different populations of prehospital death associated with acute coronary events among young adults in Beijing.Methods Data of acute coronary events of hospitalization or death were obtained from the Hospital Discharge Information System from Beijing Public Health Information Center and Death Register System from Beijing Center for Disease Control in Beijing.The total case fatality rate of acute coronary events and proportion of prehospital coronary heart disease (CHD) death were compared upon gender,area,occupation and marital status among people aged between 25-45 years old.Results A total of 3489 cases were identified during 2007 to 2009 with acute coronary events ( male:3183,female:306),with a mean age of (40.5 ± 4.3 ) years old.The 3-years' overall mortality was 26.0％,with female's higher than male's (51.0％ vs 23.6 ％,P ＜ 0.05 ) ; and it was higher in rural area than in urban areas (28.9％ vs 22.9％,P ＜0.05).Ninety-five percent of death due to acute coronary events occurred prehospital,with the proportion of 95.2％ in male and 94.2％ in female. Among the people with different occupations, self-employed people had the highest rate of prehospital death.Majority of prehospital deaths (64.8％ ) occurred at home.Conclusion More than 90％ of deaths caused by acute coronary events among young adults aged between 25-45 years old occurred before been admitted into hospital,and the site of prehospital deaths was mainly at home.

mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 is a novel anti-angiogenesis peptide with integrin affinity. To investigate the anti-tumor activities of mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 and oxaliplatin(OXA)combination, a transplanted tumor model of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 in nude mice was established. Jin′s formula to evaluate the combination effect was used. Data suggested that the anti-tumor activities of combined groups were better than those of single drug(P< 0. 05). Inhibition rate of group 8(OXA 7. 5 mg/kg and mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 73. 4 mg/kg)was 84. 6%, which showed remarkable superiority to group 3(OXA 7. 5 mg/kg)and group 4(mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 73. 4 mg/kg). The Q of group 8 was 1. 164(> 1. 15). This combination had synergistic effect. Combination of mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 and oxaliplatin is a method of inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To summarize the practice experience of establishing a stable abdominal heart transplantation model combined with tail vein injection in mice. Methods In the preliminary experiment, 50 pairs of donor and recipient Kunming mice received isotransplantation, 40 pairs of donor and recipient C57BL/6J mice underwent isotransplantation. In the formal experiment, 10 pairs of donor and recipient C57BL/6J mice received isotransplantation, 30 pairs of Balb/c mice as the donor and C57BL/6J mice as the recipient received allotransplantation. The time of each step of the heart transplantation (including harvesting and dressing of the donor heart, vascular anastomosis of the recipient, etc.) was recorded. The duration of transplanted heart beat and the survival time of the recipient was observed daily after operation. The time required for tail vein injection in the transplanted mice was recorded. Pathological examination of the transplanted heart was performed at 30 d after isotransplantation (n=5) and 7 d after allotransplantation (n=5). Results In the formal experiment, the success rate of heart transplantation was 90%. The harvesting and dressing time of donor heart was (13.9±0.6) min. The cold ischemia time of the recipient was (14.2±1.2) min. The vascular anastomosis time was (34.2±3.1) min. The total operation time was (86.6±5.4) min. Postoperatively, the transplanted heart of the mice undergoing isotransplantation survived longer than 100 d. Pathological examination at postoperative 30 d demonstrated only a slight amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The survival time of the mice receiving allotransplantation was (7.2±0.5) d due to rejection reaction. At postoperative 7 d, pathological examination showed a large quantity of inflammatory cells infiltrating into the myocardium, manifested with acute cellular rejection. The success rate reached 90% after over 200 times of tail vein injection. Conclusions In this study, a stable mouse abdominal heart transplantation model is successfully established. The mouse models in the preliminary experiment can be utilized for tail vein injection.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the cardia morphology under magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy and the clinical characteristics of subjects.Methods:A total of 216 subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms or receiving physical examination who underwent magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy at the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2022 to November 2022 were enrolled. All subjects took gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (Gerd-Q) survey. Clinical data of subjects were collected, and images of cardia morphology under magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy were recorded. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to differrent cardia morphology based on the degree of relaxation. The clinical characteristics of each group were compared, and the influencing factors for cardia morphology were analyzed.Results:In non-swallowing state, 116 subjects showed good continuous closure of the cardia in plum shape (group A), 33 subjects radial closure of cardia (group B), 46 subjects slightly relaxed linear cardia (group C) and 21 subjects relaxed and continuous opening of cardia in the shape of cave (group D). The ages of subjects in group A, B, C and D were 35.00 (31.00, 42.00) years, 53.00 (37.50, 60.50) years, 61.50 (41.50, 68.25) years and 52.00 (39.00, 70.00) years, respectively, with significant differences ( H=44.348, P<0.001). The Gerd-Q scores of subjects in group A, B, C and D were 1.50 (1.00, 2.00), 3.00 (2.00, 6.50), 8.00 (5.75, 9.00) and 8.00 (7.50, 9.00), respectively, with significant differences ( H=90.788, P<0.001). The body mass index (BMI) of subjects in group A, B, C and D were 22.66 (19.53, 24.70) kg/m 2, 23.44 (21.41, 27.05) kg/m 2, 23.77 (21.19, 26.93) kg/m 2 and 23.73 (19.63,24.79) kg/m 2, respectively, with significant differences ( H=8.114, P=0.044). The degree of cardia relaxation was positively correlated with the age ( rs=0.456, P<0.001), Gerd-Q score ( rs=0.648, P<0.001) and BMI ( rs=0.146, P=0.032) of subjects. Conclusion:The magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy provides good visualisation of cardia morphology in non-swallowing state. There is a positive correlation between the degree of cardia relaxation under magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy in non-swallowing state and the subjects' age, Gerd-Q score, and BMI.

Objective:To investigate optimal antiplatelet therapy options based on the CYP2C19 genotype in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:Elderly patients with ACS admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to March 2019 were enrolled and received CyP2C19 gene testing.Patients with the intermediate metabolic genotype of CYP2C19 were randomly divided into two groups: the Ticagrelor group and the double-dose Clopidogrel group.After a one-year follow-up, the risk of bleeding and incidences of cardiovascular events in the two groups were analyzed.Results:468 elderly patients meeting the criteria, 214 had the intermediate metabolic genotype of CYP2C19, accounting for 45.7% of the total, and were randomly divided into the ticagrelor treatment group( n=107)and the double-dose Clopidogrel treatment group( n=107). There were significant differences between the Ticagrelor treatment group and the double-dose Clopidogrel treatment group in incidences of minor bleeding, massive hemorrhage, recurrent angina and recurrent acute myocardial infarction(11.2% vs.22.4%, 2.8% vs. 9.4 %, 4.7% vs.13.1%, 3.7% vs. 11.2%, P<0.05). The double-dose Clopidogrel group not only had a higher risk of cardiovascular events, but also a higher risk of bleeding. Conclusions:For elderly ACS patients with the intermediate metabolic genotype of CYP2C19, a standard dose of ticagrelor is recommended.