Objective To investigate whether naloxone postconditioning could attenuate the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Eighty-eight adult male SD nits weighing 270-330 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 22 each) : group I sham operation (S); group Ⅱ I/R; group Ⅲ , Ⅳ I/R + low and high dose naloxone ( N_1, N_2). Focal cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of right middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. In group N_1, and N_2 naloxone 1 and 10 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally at initiation of reperfusion respectively. In group I/R normal saline was injected instead of naloxone. HR, MAP and EKG were continuously monitored throughout the experiment. He neurological deficits were scored (0 = no deficit, 4 = unable to crawl, mental dysfunction) at 2 h and 24 h of reperfusion. The animals were then decapitated. The brains were immediately removed for determination of infarct size ( n = 10) and the expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 ( MAP-2) in brain tissue ( n = 6) . In the other 6 rats in each group FICT-dextran 1 ml (50 mg/ml) was injected iv at 1 min before decapitation. The cerebral plasma volume and diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessels on the I/R side were measured using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Results Focal cerebral I/R significantly increased neurological deficit scores, induced cerebral infarct, and decreased MAP-2 expression in the brain tissue, cerebral plasma volume and the diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessels on the I/R side. Postconditioning with 10 mg/kg naloxone significantly attenuated the above-mentioned focal cerebral I/R-induced changes. Conclusion Postconditioning with naloxone can attenuate focal cerebral I/R injury in a dose-dependent manner.

After the monoclonal antibody drug come out,it has played an important role in the clinical treatment,especially in tumor therapy.With the further understanding of monoclonal antibody,it has been applicated in the food, transgenic animal and plants,plant virology aspect. However,rare research of natural medicine have been reported in China.The monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, which is sensitivity,accuracy,fastness and simpler,can be used in quantitative analysis of bioactive compound in the natural products. It also can be used in isolation and purify effective component of the natural medicine, the pharmacokintic study,the quanlity control, screening candidacate drug and expanding the resources of medicinal plant It is important to exploit and utilizate the natural medicine,and promote the progess of modern chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE:To screen the α-glucosidase inhibitory active part from Pothos chinensis. METHODS:The aqueous extractions of P. chinensis were extracted by petroleum,ethyl acetate,n-butyl alcohol in turn to obtain different polarparts. Effect of each part on α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was determined,and enzyme inhibition kinetics was conducted for the screened parts with strong activity and relatively high yield rate;effects of each part on blood glucose level of mice loaded with glucose,su-crose and starch were respectively determined (using Acacoside tablet as positive control). RESULTS:Enzyme inhibition kinetics in vitro showed the ethyl acetate part [yield rate was 0.40%,enzyme activity inhibition rate was(72.90±2.85)%] had strongα-glu-cosidase inhibitory activity and showed a dose-dependent,fast,non-competitive and reversible model. Results of in vivo glucose tol-erance indicated that Acacoside tablet and each part of P. chinensis had no effects on blood glucose level of glucose-loaded mice (P>0.05);while Acacoside tablet and ethyl acetate part in P. chinensis could reduce 30,60 min blood glucose level of su-crose-loaded mice and 30,60,120 min blood glucose level of starch-loaded mice(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Ethyl acetate part is theα-glucosidase inhibitory active part from Yao medicine P. chinensis.

Objective To investigation the condition,expectation and support of quality of life in adult with intellectual disability.MethodsA total of 394 adult with intellectual disability,their parents and friends in Beijing were involved in the study.Their qualities of life were evaluated.ResultsAbout quality of life,the adult with intellectual disability had significant more expectation than they had gained actually;their parents and friends had significant more expectation than themselves and staff of primary rehabilitation did.ConclusionIt is necessary to provide support to improve the quality of life of adult with intellectual disability.

Objective To investigate the effect of fluoride on osteoclast in bone tissue of rats and its mechanism.Methods Twenty specific pathogen free male Wistar rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into two groups by weight (each group has 10).The rats of control group drink distilled water and treatment group drink distilled water containing 100 mg/L fluoride.The rats were fed for 3 month.The dental fluorosis in rats was observed.The ion selective electrode method was used to measure bone fluoride accumulation.The pathological changes of bone tissue in rats were observed under light microscope.The osteoclast was identified by tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.The calcineurin (CaN) activity of serum was measured by detection of free phosphate with malachite green.The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method was used to detect total protein concentration of serum.The colorimetry method was used to detect calcium and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum.The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect calmodulin (CaM) content.Results By the end of the experiment,none dental fluorosis was detected in control group,all rats in fluoride group had dental fluorosis.The bone fluoride content of rats in fluoride group [(4 460.671 ± 418.548) mg/kg] was about 7.6 times higher than that in control group [(582.534 ± 58.342) mg/kg,t =-29.020,P ＜ 0.01].Compared with the control group,the bone tissue of rats in fluoride group showed thicker bone trabecular,sclerotin fusion and incomplete mineralization.Positive signal intensity of TRAP staining of bone tissue in fluoride group was significantly higher than that in control group.The number of osteoclast formation in fluoride group [10 (5-12)] was significantly higher than that in control group [3 (2-4);U =92.5,P ＜ 0.01].CaN activity in serum of rats in fluoride group [(3.334 ± 0.654) nmol/mg prot] was significantly higher than that in control group [(1.289 ± 0.361) nmol/mg prot;t =-6.346,P ＜ 0.01].The Ca and CaM content of serum in rats were not significantly different between the two groups.However MDA content in fluoride group [(7.703 ± 2.954) μmol/L] was significantly higher than that in control group [(3.958 ± 1.965) μmol/L,t =-2.968,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Excessive fluoride may increase osteoclast formation in bone tissue of rats,and the mechanism might be fluoride stimulated CaN activity through oxidative stress pathway.

Objective To analyze the changes of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the spleen of water-improving fluorosis rat,to explore the mechanism of fluoride-induced immune system damage,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into control group and low,medium and high fluoride dose groups according to body mass (120-140 g),12 rats in each group.The sodium fluoride (NaF) content was 0,50,100 and 150 mg/L,respectively.The animals were allowed free access to water and food.After 12 weeks of fluoride exposure,6 rats in each group were selected to isolate the spleen;the remaining rats in each group were changed to drink distilled water containing no NaF,and the spleen was separated after 12 weeks of feeding.The levels of mRNA of glucoseregulated protein (GRP78),spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1-s),activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4),homologous protein (CHOP) and cysteine containing aspartate specific protease 12 (Caspase-12) in spleen were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).Results Before the water-improving,the expressions of GRP78 (1.00 ± 0.09,1.69 ± 0.35,1.39 ± 0.29,1.19 ± 0.19),XBP1-s (1.00 ± 0.12,1.40 ± 0.23,1.24 ± 0.26,1.38 ± 0.11),ATF4 (1.00 ± 0.17,1.86 ± 0.56,2.33 ± 0.55,1.95 ± 0.74),CHOP (1.00 ± 0.53,2.84 ± 0.68,3.06 ± 1.29,2.50 ± 0.35) and Caspase-12(1.00 ± 0.12,1.90 ± 0.29,1.56 ± 0.35,1.76 ± 0.23) mRNA in the control group and low,medium and high fluoride dose groups were statistically significant (F =8.45,5.38,6.38,8.21,11.31,P ＜ 0.05).Except for the GRP78 in high fluoride dose group,the above indicators in fluoride groups were higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After the water-improving,the expressions of GRP78 (1.00 ± 0.36,0.75 ± 0.13,0.98 ± 0.41,0.47 ± 0.19),XBP1-s (1.00 ± 0.25,0.70 ± 0.06,0.74 ± 0.17,0.65 ± 0.21),ATF4 (1.00 ± 0.51,0.66 ± 0.09,0.91 ± 0.34,0.81 ± 0.29),CHOP (1.00 ± 0.36,0.92 ± 0.12,0.84 ± 0.16,0.67 ± 0.20) and Caspase-12 (1.00 ± 0.45,0.65 ± 0.11,0.65 ± 0.25,0.51 ± 0.27) mRNA in the control group and low,medium and high fluoride dose groups were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Before and after the water-improving,the expressions of XBP1-s,ATF4,CHOP and Caspase-12 mRNA were statistically significant in fluoride groups (P ＜ 0.05),and the GRP78 only had a statistically significant difference in the low fluoride dose group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Fluoride exposure causes ERS response in rat spleen,up-regulation of ERS-related gene expression,which is decreased after water-improving,and the ERS response is weakened.The water-improving may contribute to the recovery of fluoride-induced immune function damage.