Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination(GB 15976-2015)and Diagnostic Criteria for Schistosomiasis(WS 261-2006)are the only two national health criteria related to schistosomiasis control program implemented in P. R. China. The roles of criteria to guide and accelerate the transition from schistosomiasis control to elimination are concluded ,based on this system?atic review how the criteria led the implementation of the medium?and long?term national plan and provided the guidance when drafting the thirteen?five years national plan for schistosomiasis,and the suggestion to draft more criteria related to schistosomia?sis elimination program and strengthening the implementation of current criteria,so as to precisely guide the schistosomiasis elimination program in P. R. China.

Objective To establish A1E3 and B1C4 monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for detecting circulating antigen of Schistosoma japonicum and explore its application value in the field. Methods The characteristics of A1E3 and B1C4 monoclonal antibodies were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The SEA-based ELISA was used to evaluate the titers of A1E3 and B1C4. The orthogonal test was used to determine the best concentration of coating antibody B1C4 and optimal working concentra-tion of A1E3-HRP. Under the optimal conditions,the serum samples of 20 acute schistosomiasis cases,46 chronic schistosomiasis cases,and 20 control sera were tested to evaluate its detection sensitivity and specificity. Seventy-two antibody positive serum sam-ples from Jiangling County of Hubei Province were detected and compared to a commercially available ELISA kit,to evaluate the detection effects of this method. Results The results of SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the purified A1E3 and B1C4 contained a clear heavy chain with molecular weight of 88 000 and 52 000 respectively and had the same light chain with molecular weight of 20 000;while Western blotting demonstrated that A1E3 and B1C4 could be recognized by SEA and serum samples of acute schis-tosomiasis cases. The SEA-based ELISA demonstrated the titers of B1C4 and A1E3 were 1∶105 and 1∶30 000,respectively. The serum samples from all the acute cases and 86.9% of the chronic cases showed a positive reaction. All of the control sera from healthy persons gave a negative response. The positive rates of the double monoclonal antibody ELISA and commercial ELISA for detecting the circulating antigen were 45.8%and 43.1%respectively,and there was no significant difference between the results of the two methods. Conclusion A1E3 and B1C4 monoclonal antibody-based ELISA is established successfully. It exhibits a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting circulating antigen of Schistosoma japonicum.

Depression and anxiety is one of common mental illness that are being seriously harm to the physical and mental health of human being in recent years.Depression and anxiety are difficult to be well treated with a single and targeted drug,owing to its biological-psychological-social interaction pathogenic feature.Due to its own multicomponent characteristics,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound Xiao-Yao (XY) powder can exert the antidepression and anxiety effects from multi-level,multi-link and multi-target.Based on previous studies on effect and mechanism of XY powder on anti-depression and anxiety of our group,we proposed that XY powder had two main characteristics when treating depression and anxiety,which were "two-way adjustment" and "multi-target,multisystem,multi-level".Additionally,to further clarify the pharmacodynamic material basis of XY powder,more importance is that we should depend on the variety of disciplinary research methods,focused on the TCM syndrome and the combination of disease and TCM syndrome,brought both disease evaluation and syndrome evaluation method,took the importance of gut-brain axis (GBA),and combined with the correlation between the formula and the syndrome.

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB,a kind of protein transcription factor,mediates inflammation and other complex biological processes,and is a key regulator of many immune and inflammatory pathways,cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by increased levels of phosphorylated NF-κB,which leads to an increase in anti-apoptotic activity of keratinocytes and aggravation of inflammatory reactions.This review summarizes advances in NF-κB signaling pathway and its role in psoriasis.

Dry eye is becoming more common worldwide.Its pathophysiology is complicated, and its condition is chronic.Treatment options of dry eye are ineffective.As a multifactorial ocular surface disease, tear film instability, tear hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities resulted from various causes are main natural pathological processes of dry eye.This multifactorial process of the disease leads to poor efficacy of single anti-inflammatory therapy.Oxidative stress is closely related to the occurrence of dry eye.During the decrease of tear film stability, reactive oxygen species produced by oxidative stress system damage the myelin sheath of ocular nerve and the lipid layer of tear film, inducing or aggravating the ocular inflammatory response.Targeting the main causes of dry eye's pathogenesis, stopping the vicious cycle of inflammatory responses in each link, and relieving patients' conditions are the main goals of antioxidant therapy.The development of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant medications is currently the main focus of international research on novel anti-dry eye medications.Some progresses have been made in the area of targeting oxidative stress biomarkers, mitochondrial targeting medications, mucin secretion, antioxidant enzymes like glycoprotein selenium and lactoferritin, as well as multifunctional nanoagents, and the antioxidant eye drops using nanomaterials have more advantages.Antioxidant treatment may be one of the potential future avenues of dry eye clinical research.Ophthalmologists and researchers should be fully aware of, pay close attention to and actively participate in investigations that are relevant to dry eye antioxidant therapy and the development of new medications.

Ocular surface inflammatory disorder (OSID) is a chronic ocular disease caused by systemic disorders or involving the local immune system.OSID induces persistent inflammatory reaction in the ocular adnexal connective tissues which in turn give rise to tear hypertonicity and ocular surface epithelial damage, leading to dry eye formation or progression.Common immune-related ocular surface diseases include vernal keratoconjunctivitis, Sj?gren syndrome, graft versus host disease, dry eye and immune-related corneal disease, all of which can significantly impact the visual function and quality of life of patients.Current treatments including the use of artificial tears and glucocorticoid eye drops are not always effective and have the risk of adverse events.Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a commonly utilized immunosuppressant that has a strong immunomodulatory effect, but its clinical application is somewhat limited due to the low permeability of its current ophthalmic dosage form.The development of CsA ophthalmic agents has changed the treatment strategy for OSID.The development of 0.1% CsA cationic emulsion has significantly improved the efficacy and safety of topical CsA treatment, which is worth the attention.In order to rationally apply 0.1% CsA cationic emulsion to OSID, ophthalmologists should fully understand the immune-related pathogenesis of each OSID and comprehend the curative effect, indication, application methods and adverse events of topical CsA treatment.

Background and Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived microRNA (miR)-150-5p-expressing exosomes in promoting skin wound healing through activating PI3K/AKT pathway by PTEN. Methods: and Results: Human umbilical cord (HUC)-MSCs were infected with miR-150-5p overexpression and its con-trol lentivirus, and HUC-MSCs-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exos) with stable expression of miR-150-5p were obtained. HaCaT cells were induced by H2O2 to establish a cellular model of skin injury, in which the expression of miR-150-5p and PTEN and the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT were evaluated. HaCaT cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-PTEN or pcDNA3.1 and then cultured with normal exosomes or exosomes stably expressing miR-150-5p. Cell proliferation was inspected by CCK-8. Cell migration was detected by scratch test and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. The starBase tool was used to predict the binding site of miR-150-5p to PTEN. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were applied to assess the interaction between miR-150-5p and PTEN. In H2O2 -induced HaCaT cells, the miR-150-5p expression decreased, and PTEN expression increased in a concentration-dependent manner. MSCs-Exos promoted the growth and migration of H2O2 -induced HaCaT cells and inhibited their apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of exosomal miR-150-5p enhanced the protective effect of MSCs-Exos on H2O2 -induced HaCaT cells; PTEN overexpression in HaCaT cells partially restrained miR-150-5p-mediated inhibition on H2O2 -induced injury in HaCaT cells. PTEN was a target gene of miR-150-5p. MiR-150-5p regulated PI3K/AKT pathway through PTEN. Conclusions MSCs-derived miR-150-5p-expressing exosomes promote skin wound healing by activating PI3K/AKTpathway through PTEN.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a China original liquid pulsation system for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).Methods:A non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.Twenty-two patients (44 eyes) diagnosed with MGD in Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University from February to August 2022 were enrolled.The patients were assigned into two groups according to their willingness.Of the 22 patients (44 eyes), 10 patients (20 eyes) in single liquid pulsation system group were treated with single liquid pulsation system for 12 minutes, and 12 patients (24 eyes) in intense pulsed light (IPL) group were treated with a course (4 times) of IPL, warm compresses and meibomian gland massage at three-week intervals.There was no difference in age and other baseline clinical indexes between the two groups (all at P<0.05). The meibum grading, quality grading of tear film lipid layer, Symptom Assessment Questionnaire in Dry Eye (SANDE) questionnaire score, first and average tear breakup time (BUT), corneal fluorescein sodium staining (CFS) score, tear meniscus height (TMH), and the area of meibomian gland loss were determined at baseline, 1 and 3 months after treatment.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (No.2021069). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any medical examination. Results:Statistically significant group effects and time effects were found in the quality of tear film lipid layer ( Hgroup=4.39, P=0.036, Htime=6.30, P=0.043) and average BUT ( Fgroup=4.41, P=0.038; Ftime=4.08, P=0.049) in the two groups.The meibum grading, first BUT and TMH 1 and 3 months after treatment were significantly better than before treatment in single liquid pulsation system group (all at P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, there was no significant improvement in the meibum grading, distribution of tear film lipid, first BUT and TMH at 1 and 3 months after treatment in IPL group (all at P>0.05). In both groups, the SANDE and CFS scores 1 and 3 months after treatment were better than those before treatment, showing statistically significance (all at P<0.05). In terms of safety, neither instrument-related adverse events nor extra complaints of discomfort were reported in the single liquid pulsation system group.In both groups, the number of patients with positive CFS staining significantly decreased, and no new cases with positive CFS appeared after treatment. Conclusions:This China original liquid pulsation system is a safe and effective physical therapy in improving tear film dysfunction and ocular surface symptoms of MGD patients within 3 months after treatment.

Two cases of pregnant women with lumbar disc herniation causing neurologic deficits are reported. The first case received percutaneous endoscopic discectomy following the cesarean section; and the second case underwent micro-discectomy in the left lateral position under local anesthesia at 23-week gestation. After surgery, satisfactory outcomes were obtained in both cases. The management of these two cases indicates that the disc surgery is a safe procedure for patients during pregnancy.

Objective:To evaluate the role of 1, 4, 5-inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) in necroptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by sevoflurane anesthesia in aged rats.Methods:Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 18 months, weighing 500-600 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), sevoflurane anesthesia group (group S) and sevoflurane anesthesia + IP3R antagonist group (group S+ I). S and S+ I groups inhaled 2% sevoflurane for 5 h. In group S+ I, IP3 receptor antagonist 2-APB 3 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 10 min before sevoflurane inhalation, and the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide was intraperitoneally injected in group C and group S. Morris water maze test was used to test the cognitive function on the day after the end of sevoflurane anesthesia.Then the animals were sacrificed and the brain tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes after HE staining and Nissl staining (with a light microscope) and for determination of the free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i) and rate of necroptosis of hippocampal neurons (by flow cytometry) and expression of IP3R, receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1), receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the times of crossing the platform were reduced, the time of staying at the target quadrant was shortened, the [Ca 2+ ] i and necroptosis rate of hippocampal neurons were increased, and the expression of IP3R, RIPK1, RIPK3 and p-MLKL in hippocampal neurons was up-regulated in group S and group S+ I ( P<0.05). Compared with group S, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the times of crossing the platform were increased, the time of staying at the target quadrant was prolonged, the [Ca 2+ ] i and necroptosis rate of hippocampal neurons were decreased, and the expression of IP3R, RIPK1, RIPK3 and p-MLKL in hippocampal neurons was down-regulated in group S+ I ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which sevoflurane induces cognitive dysfunction may be related to the imbalance of calcium homeostasis caused by activation of IP3R and thus inducing programmed necrosis in aged rats.