Osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic disease. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), deficiency of the liver, spleen and kidney and blood stasis can induce osteoporosis. The main etiology was kidney deficiency which harmed the liver and spleen and causeqi-blood deficiency and blood stasis. The insufficiency of natural endowment and postnatal malnutrition caused poor nutrition of tendons and vessels, which induced debility of bone. This article discussed the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM understanding on osteoporosis in details. Opportunities and challenges of TCM in osteoporosis treatment were explored. The homology of Chinese medicine and food as well as the long-term of osteoporosis showed that TCM had incomparable superiority in osteoporosis treatment. While, the scientific research methods and reasonable evaluation of TCM safety were important to display its advantages in osteoporosis treatment.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of three column osteotomy (3-CO) procedures through previous spinal fusion site for the revision surgical treatment in severe spinal deformity patients.Methods From Oct.2010 to May 2014 in our hospital,a total of 12 severe spinal deformity patients underwent 3-CO for the revision surgical treatment.There were 7 males and 5 females with the average age of (21.8±3.8) years,ranging from 18 to 30 years.The mean time from the initial operation to the revision surgery was (10.2±4.8) years (ranging from 3 to 17 years).The reasons for revision were:curve progression in 7 patients,neurologic deficit in 2 cases,implant failure in 1 patient and pseudarthrosis in 2 patients.The coronal parameters including major Cobb angle and distance between C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line (C7PL-CSVL),and the sagittal parameters including global kyphosis curve and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured pre-operatively,post-operatively and at last followup,respectively.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and complications were recorded.The paired t test was used to evaluate the difference among pre-revision,post-revision and last follow-up.Results The average operation time was (451.7±83.1) min (range,320-600 min) and the average blood loss was (4 016.7± 1 080.0) ml (range,2 700-6 000 ml).The average follow-up time after revision operation was (35.4±9.8) months (range,24-49 months).The coronal Cobb angles of pre-revision and post-revision were 83.8°±23.3°and 34.6°± 13.7°.The average correction rate was 60.1％ ±8.8％.At last follow-up,the average coronal Cobb angle was 34.9°±13.8°,there was no significant loss of correction.The pre-revision and post-revision values of global kyphosis were 99.1°±13.3°and 38.7°±7.8° with a mean correction rate of 60.8％ ±6.7％.At the last follow-up,the average global kyphosis was 39.3°±7.5°and no loss of correction was found.For the C7PL-CSVL and SVA,pre-revision (30.3± 17.1) mm and (40.1±31.1) mm were corrected to (14.3 ±7.6) mm and (19.1± 12.3) mm immediately after revision operation,respectively.At final follow-up,the average C7PL-CSVL and SVA were(14.1 ± 7.6) mm and (19.6± 12.1) mm,the correction was well maintained.Obviously,two patient's neurological status improved from Frankel C before revision surgery to Frankel E.Complications were encountered in five patients (41.7％),including SEP signal changed in 1 patient (8.3％),transient neurologic deficit after revision surgery in 1 patient (8.3％),cerebrospinal fluid leak in 1 patient (8.3％),and pleural effusion in 2 patients (16.7％).During the follow-up time,there was no patient experienced pseudarthrosis,implant failure,infection or significant loss of correction.Conclusion Based on results of this study,it was concluded that 3-CO procedures through previous spinal fusion sites could obtain satisfactory and safety results in severe spinal deformity revision surgery.However,it is a technique-demanding procedure with more blood loss,longer operative time and higher risk of perioperative complications.

Depression is a common mental illness that seriously harms to the physical and mental health of human beings. Due to its biological-psychological-social interaction pathogenic feature, researchers hold different opinions for the pathogenesis of depression. Recently, accumulating the clinical and basic researches on the comorbidity of depression and diabetes make the roles of glucose metabolism, especially central glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of depression get much more attention. It has been believed that the "liver" and "spleen" are closely related to each other physiologically and pathologically. A large number of studies have confirmed that the core biological connotation of liver-spleen and pathology of traditional Chinese medicine is "emotion-energy network imbalance", which has similarities with the mechanism of glucose metabolism imbalance in depression. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the biological connotation of the liver and spleen with the modern medicine to conduct the further research, which will consequently provide scientific basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of depression and finding complementary and alternative treatment for depression.

Treating different diseases with the same method is an exemplification of the principle of treat-ment based on pattern differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) . Different diseases that de-velop to the same stage showing a similar pattern, or several concomitant disorders showing the shared pattern ( main pattern) , can be treated with the same method. TCM mainly focuses on the difference a-mong patterns in the treatment of diseases, and the essence of treating different diseases with the same method is to identify the main pattern among the clustered symptoms and use them as the evidence to sup-port the choice of treatment and prescription. In this paper, the concept of pattern and treating different diseases with the same method, and the relationship between them are explained. Priority is given to grasping the main pattern in treating different diseases with the same method. At the same time, relevant examples are listed in order to help understand how this method can be used in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of the injection of collagen, hyaluronic acid and their combined application in the treatment of lacrimal depression.Methods:From July 2022 to January 2023, 60 female patients with lacrimal depression, aged 19-49 years with an average age of 33.6 years, were treated by injection in Xi′an Rongyao FRESKIN Medical Cosmetology Clinic. There were 20 cases in the collagen injection group, 20 cases in the hyaluronic acid injection group, and 20 cases in the combined hyaluronic acid and collagen injection group. Preoperative, immediate, 1 month and 6 months after surgery, lacrimal groove deformity rating scale score and patient satisfaction at 1 month and 6 months after surgery were evaluated.Results:One month after operation, the satisfactory rate of patients in collagen group was 90%, that of hyaluronic acid group was 80%, and that of the combined treatment group was 90%. 6 months after operation, the satisfactory rate of patients in the collagen group was 80%, that of hyaluronic acid was 80%, and that of the combined treatment group was 90%. Postoperative follow-up showed no serious complications such as infection, embolism or visual loss in the 3 groups. Pigmentation occurred in 2 cases in the hyaluronic acid group and 1 case in the collagen group. No pigmentation occurred in the combined treatment group. Overall, all the three treatment methods were effective and safe.Conclusions:All three treatment methods can be used to improve lacrimal depression without serious complications.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang （GSZMD） on cartilage destruction in mice with collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） and its mechanism. MethodThirty-six DBA/1 mice in SPF grades were randomly divided into 6 groups， namely， the normal group， the model group， the methotrexate （MTX） group， the low-dose GSZMD group， the medium-dose GSZMD group， and the high-dose GSZMD group. Except the normal group， mice in the other 5 groups were used to establish the model of CIA by secondary immunization. The mice were given normal saline， MTX （1.5 mg·kg^-1， 2 times a week）， and low， medium， and high-doses GSZMD （6.3， 12.6， 25.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1） by intragastric administration on the day of the onset of hind limb swelling for 4 weeks. The changes in the degree of foot swelling of mice in each group were observed and recorded. The content of matrix metalloproteinase （MMP）-1， MMP-3， MMP-9， and MMP-13 in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The pathological changes in the ankle joint were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the cartilage destruction was observed by red fast green staining. The protein expression of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3） signaling pathway in ankle joints were detected by Western blot. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the degree of foot swelling， the content of MMP-1， MMP-3， MMP-9， and MMP-13 in serum and the expression levels of phosphorylation （p）-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in ankle joints of the model group were increased （P<0.01）， and the joint damage was aggravated. As compared with the model group， the degrees of foot swelling of the mice in the MTX group and the low， medium， and high-dose GSZMD group were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the content of MMP-1， MMP-3， MMP-9， and MMP-13 in serum was decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The pathological joint damage was alleviated， and the expression levels of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in ankle joints were decreased in the MTX group and GSZMD groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionGSZMD can reduce the degree of joint swelling in mice with CIA， inhibit the expressions of MMP-1， MMP-3， MMP-9， and MMP-13， and alleviate the destruction of articular cartilage. Its mechanism is related to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of Amomum tsao -ko from different origins and harvesting periods comprehensively. METHODS The contents of total volatile oil in A. tsao -ko were determined by volatile oil measurement method A stated in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ）；the contents of total flavonoids and total polyphenols in A. tsao -ko were determined by aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite colorimetry and folin-ciocalteu method. The contents of α-pinene，β-pinene， 1，8-cineole，α-terpineol，geraniol and trans-nerolidol in the volatile oil of A. tsao -ko were determined by gas chromatography ；the contents of protocatechuate and vanillic acid in A. tsao -ko were determined by ulta high performance liquid chromatography. The above 11 indicators were selected ，and entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of 16 batches of A. tsao -ko. RESULTS The contents of total volatile oil ，total flavonoids ，total polyphenols ，α-pinene，β-pinene， 1，8-cineole，α-terpineol，geraniol，trans-nerolidol，protocatechuate and vanillic acid in 16 batches of A. tsao -ko were 15.833 3- 28.000 0 μL/g，29.100 5-78.199 6 mg/g，6.789 8-35.797 7 mg/g，0.088 7-0.401 3 mg/g，0.106 3-0.408 0 mg/g，3.709 6-8.533 1 mg/g，0.259 8-0.599 6 mg/g，0.314 8-1.324 1 mg/g，0.272 3-0.576 4 mg/g，9.301 2-19.818 5 μg/g，8.180 9-27.666 3 μg/g， respectively. Entropy weight TOPSIS results showed that the top three of relative closeness rankings were A. tsao -ko produced by Yunnan Baoshan in July ，Yunnan Honghe in October ，Yunnan Wenshan in September ；the last three of relative closeness rankings were A. tsao -ko produced by Yunnan Dehong in September ，Yunnan Dehong in November ，Yunnan Dehong in December. CONCLUSIONS A. tsao -ko produced by Yunnan Baoshan in July ，Yunnan Honghe in October and Yunnan Wenshan in September present better quality.

ObjectiveUsing the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process （AHP） to screen diagnostic items for qi stagnation syndrome and determine their weights， providing a reference for the development of a diagnostic scale of qi stagnation syndrome. MethodsLiterature related to qi stagnation syndrome were screened from databases including CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， SinoMed （from inception to October 31， 2020）. Through systematic review of literature and expert discussions， the information on the four examinations of traditional Chinese medicine were organized and an item pool was constructed. The Delphi method was used to screen the item indicators， while the AHP was employed to determine their weights. Statistical methods such as mean value， full score ratio， rank sum， unimportant percentage， and coefficient of variation were used for item screening， with the weights calculated by AHP serving as the item weights. ResultsA total of 235 articles and books were included for analysis， resulting in an item pool of 16 items. After three rounds of expert consultation， a total of 84 valid questionnaires were collected， with a total expert enthusiasm coefficient of 99% and authority coefficient of 0.86， 0.84， 0.83， respectively， and the coordination coefficients were 0.45， 0.49， and 0.29， respectively. Through the statistics analysis， 8 diagnosis items were screened out， including distension （stuffi-ness） or distending pain or scurrying pain， wiry pulse， depressed emotions， frequent sighing， deep and wiry pulse， irritability， pale red tongue， and thin white coating. The AHP showed that the order of weights of the first-level indicators from high to low was clinical symptoms， pulse manifestation， and tongue manifestation； the order of weights of the second-level indicators from high to low was distension （stuffiness） or distending pain or scurrying pain， wiry pulse， depressed emotions， frequent sighing， deep and wiry pulse， irritability， pale red tongue， and thin white coating. ConclusionBy applying the Delphi method and AHP to analyze and evaluate the diagnostic items for qi stagnation syndrome， key diagnostic items were screened and their weights determined， laying the foundation for the development of a diagnostic scale for qi stagnation syndrome.

Objective: To construct and identify a mouse model with conditional knockout (cKO) of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR-cKO) gene in epidermis cells by Cre-loxP system. Methods: Five p75NTR^flox/flox transgenic C57BL/6J mice (aged 6-8 weeks, male and female unlimited, the age and sex of mice used for reproduction were the same below) and five keratin 14 promotor-driven (KRT14-) Cre^{+ /-} transgenic C57BL/6J mice were bred and hybridized via Cre-loxP system. Five p75NTR^flox/+ ·KRT14-Cre^{+ /-} mice selected from the first generation of mice were mated with five p75NTR^flox/flox mice to obtain the second generation hybrids. After the second generation mice were born 20-25 days, the parts of the mice tail were cut off to identify the genotype by polymerase chain reaction method. Four p75NTR gene complete cKO mice (6 weeks old) and 4 wild-type mice (6 weeks old) were selected and sacrificed respectively. The abdominal skin tissue and brain tissue were excised to observe the expression of p75NTR in the two tissue of two types of mice by immunohistochemical staining. The abdominal skin tissue of two types of mice was obtained to observe the histomorphological changes by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: (1) Twenty second generation mice were bred. The genotype of 4 mice was p75NTR^flox/flox·KRT14-Cre^{+ /-}(p75NTR^-/-), i. e. p75NTR gene complete cKO mice; the genotype of 5 mice was p75NTR^flox/+ ·KRT14-Cre^{+ /-}, i. e. p75NTR gene partial cKO mice; the genotype of 5 mice was p75NTR^flox/flox·KRT14-Cre^-/-, and that of 6 mice was p75NTR^flox/+ ·KRT14-Cre^-/-, all of which were wild-type mice. (2) The expression of p75NTR was negative in skin epidermis tissue of p75NTR gene complete cKO mice, while numerous p75NTR positive expression was observed in skin epidermis tissue of wild-type mice. Abundant p75NTR positive expression was observed in brain tissue of both wild-type mice and p75NTR gene complete cKO mice. (3) There was no abnormal growth of skin epidermis tissue in both wild-type mice and p75NTR gene complete cKO mice, with intact hair follicle structure. Conclusions Applying Cre-loxP system can successfully construct a p75NTR-cKO mice model in epidermis cells without obvious changes in skin histomorphology.