Some researchers focus on research of the nature of syndromes. The methods of combining traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and diseases and the correspondence between formulas and syndromes may be used in research of the nature of syndromes. According to combined theories of zang-organ state and seven emotions in traditional Chinese medicine with stress theory in modern medicine, the authors applied the methods of chronic immobilization stress to induce liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in rats based on the thinking of relativity on formula and syndrome. The research showed that the central neurobiology mechanism of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome closely correlates to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain-gut axis, myriad central neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones and their receptors, involving in many encephalic regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex, amygdale, etc. The authors will combine their previous work with multi-disciplinary research, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics in future studies, to reveal the scientific connotations of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome.

Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination(GB 15976-2015)and Diagnostic Criteria for Schistosomiasis(WS 261-2006)are the only two national health criteria related to schistosomiasis control program implemented in P. R. China. The roles of criteria to guide and accelerate the transition from schistosomiasis control to elimination are concluded ,based on this system?atic review how the criteria led the implementation of the medium?and long?term national plan and provided the guidance when drafting the thirteen?five years national plan for schistosomiasis,and the suggestion to draft more criteria related to schistosomia?sis elimination program and strengthening the implementation of current criteria,so as to precisely guide the schistosomiasis elimination program in P. R. China.

BACKGROUND: The application of adipose derived stromal cells to tissue engineering has been more and more popular around the world. Compatibility of scaffold material is the key point for its further research.OBJECTIVE: To determine the growth rules of rabbit adipose-derived stromal cells with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA).DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vitro study was performed at the Institute of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology Hospital,Fudan University and Shanghai Tissue Engineering Center from September 2007 to March 2009.MATERIALS: Six female New Zealand rabbits aged six months were used for extraction of adipose-derived stromal cells. PLGA was provided by Sigma, USA.METHODS: Adipose tissue was harvested from the nape fat pad of the rabbits following anesthesia. Primary cultured cells were established using type I collagenase and cell cultures were maintained with DMEM containing 10% volume fraction of fetal bovine serum. Cells were passaged when 80% was confluent. The fourth passages of cells were utilized for the study. PLGA consisted of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid as the ratio of 7:3, and the relative molecular mass was 104900.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Initially, the adherent rate of cells to scaffold was detected. After one week co-culture, the scaffold bearing adipose-derived stromal cells labeled with Dio agent were investigated by fluorescence inverse microscope,scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning microscope.RESULTS: The best adherent rate of adipose-derived stromal cells with PLGA reached 99%. After one-week-incubation in vitro,cells of fiber-shaped or ovule-shaped proliferated well and exhibited stratified growth on the surface of PLGA scaffold. In addition,it also secreted visible extracellular matrices, which could be examined by scanning electron microscopic examination.Meanwhile, the adipose-derived stromal cells grew well and distributed equably inside the PLGA in terms of the investigation with laser scanning microscope.CONCLUSION: The compatibility of adipose-derived stromal cells to PLGA in vitro was well.

BACKGROUND:Surface marker molecules and differential ability of human adipose tissues-derived mesenchymal stem cells can change with the prolonged culture time.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the morphological characteristics and colony forming capacity of early cultured rabbit adipose tissues-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The cytological in vitro study was performed at the Institute of Ophthalmology,and Central Laboratory,Eye and ENT Hospital,Fudan University from January to March 2008.MATERIALS:Nine female New Zealand rabbits aged three months were obtained from the Shanghai Yingenyang Rabbit Room.METHODS:Adipose tissue was harvested from the nape fat pad of the New Zealand rabbits following anesthesia.Primary cultured cells were established using type I collagenase and cell cultures were maintained with DMEM containing 0.1 volume fraction of fetal bovine serum.Cells were passaged when 80% was confluent.The second,third and fourth passages of cells were utilized for the study.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The morphology of adipose tissues-derived mesenchymal stem cells was observed using inverted microscope.Cell phenotype was detected utilizing flow cytometry.The cloning capacity was determined.RESULTS:Adipose tissues-derived mesenchymal stem cells were fibroblast-like and proliferated rapidly in vitro at the second,third and fourth passage.Flow cytometry showed that adipose tissues-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressed CD29 and PCNA.The colony-forming rates were respectively(8.0?0.6)%,(6.7?0.4)% and(4.6?0.5)%(F=12.18,P

In this study,adults of Armillifer agkistrodontis (A.agkistrodontis) were collected from Agkistrodon acutus,and then the eggs were separated to feed mice.In the next step,when the infection model was established,blood serum of infected mice were collected after 1,2 and 3 weeks,respectively.Furthermore,ELISA and dot- ELISA were used to detect the dynamic change of specific antibodies and circulating antigens respectively.The specific antibodies increased from 8th week,reached the top at 12th week,decreased from 16th week,and then maintain at the same level constantly.Meanwhile,the specific antibodies were typed.It is evident that IgM antibody appeared first.However,it was substitute by IgG1 after 16 weeks.Moreover,the circulating antigens have been detected in the 1st week by dot-ELISA.Then,the dilution between 1:8 to 1:128were founded in 3rd week.The highest dilution with 1:256 appeared at 8th week,maintained before 11th week and then decreased gradually,which might provide a significant clinical implication for early diagnosis of circulating antigens.

Xiang-thinking is the main way of thinking in the form of traditional Chinese culture, which included Xiang and thinking. In viscera theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formation, Xiang-thinking has run through and played a role in pushing forward on the formation of manifestation theories. Among five internal organs, take liver as an example. The formation of the liver manifestation is through the description of the liver and intuitive form and structure of the object, which were on the basis of the extract of abstract thinking, and the summarization on rules of the process. In this paper, the formation of liver manifestation theory was taken as an example to discuss the application of Xiang-thinking in formation of liver manifestation theory.

AIM:To investigate the changes of brain-derived neruotrophic factor(BDNF),tyrosine kinase B(TrkB) in rat cortex and hippocampus with chronic immobilization stress and the influence of three Chinese formulas(Xiaoyaosan,Sijunzitang,Jinkuishenqiwan) on them.METHODS:Chronic immobilization stress method(180 min daily,repeated 7 days or 21 days) was taken,and the changes of BDNF,TrkB in rat forehead cortex and hippocampus CA1 were measured by immunohistochemistry integrated image analysis.RESULTS:The contents of BDNF in rat forehead cortex and hippocampus CA1 were obviously lower in the model group of 7 days and 21 days than those in the normal control group(P

Objective: Pervious RT-PCR results revealed the possibility of effective regulation channel of Xiaoyao San in treating rats of syndrome of liver invading the spleen. This experiment was designed to explore CIS rats’ immunohistochemistry findings in hippocampal subregion CA1 and amygdaloid subregion BLA after suppressing both amygdaloid AMPA receptors by microinjection of CNQX. To compare Xiaoyao San group with CNQX group, and to analysis of these findings may prove the possibility of effective regulation channel of Xiaoyao san treating this syndrome. Methods: 75 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: normal group, CIS group, sham-operation group, CNQX group and Xiaoyao San group. The number of GluR2 positive cells in hippocampal subregion CA1 and amygdaloid subregion BLA in these 5 groups were examined by immunohistochemistry test. Results: Compared with control group, the number of GluR2 positive cells decreased in hippocampal subregion CA1. Statistical analysis showed that no difference existed in control, CNQX and Xiaoyao San groups in CA1 region. Except CNQX group, tendency of changes were contradictory in BLA and CA1 region. In addition, the least in BLA in CNQX group. This finding revealed that Xiaoyao San may act the same as CNQX, thus Xiaoyao San afforded effective protection against this depression syndrome through suppression of both amygdaloid excitability. Conclusion: The balance coordination between hippocampus and amygdala may be the key in transformation from adaption to damage in a state of stress, was one of the central mechanisms of liver governing smoothing qi flow (LGSQF) on regulating the stress. Xiaoyao San may effectively regulate the balance of the excitability of hippocampus and amygdala. This hypothesis may reveal the regulation channel on Xiaoyao San affording effective protection against liver invading the spleen syndrome.

Objective To evaluate the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) associated with depres-sion by body weight, fasting blood glucose, manifestations, and open field test.Methods The T2DM rat model was induced by high fat diet and low dose of STZ injection, and in addition, the T2DM rats were made restraint stress for 21 days.32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group ( group N) , T2DM group ( group T)and T2 DM with depression group ( group T +D) , with 8 rats in each group.After the model was established, to measure the body weight, fasting blood glucose at day 0, 7, 14, and 21, and observe the gross manifestations, drink-ing and diet, feces, urine, and mental state, and test the rat depression by open field test.Results After establish-ment of the T+D rat model, the rats in group T+D showed some symptoms, including messy dark and gloomy hair, slow movement, increasing drinking, diet, feces and urine and mental fatigue.At day 0, 7, 14, and 21, compared with the group N, the body weight of the group T and group T+D were decreased, showing a significant difference ( P<0.05;P<0.01).At day 0, 7, 14, and 21, compared with the group N, and the fasting blood glucose in the groups T and T+D were increased, with a significant difference ( P<0.01 ) .After 21 days of restraint stress, the fasting blood glucose in the group T+D was significantly higher than that in the group T ( P<0.01 ) .Compared with the group N, the total movement distance in 5 minutes in the group T+D was reduced, but without a significant differ-ence (1532.6 ±126.8 cm vs.940.5 ±208.3 cm, P>0.05).Compared with the group N, the movement speed in 5 minutes in the group T was significantly slower than that in the group T , with a significant difference ( 5.1 ±0.4 cm/s vs.2.9 ±0.6 cm/s, P<0.05 ) , and even more slower than that in the group T +D, with a significant differ-ence (5.1 ±0.4 cm/s vs.2.4 ±0.5 cm/s, P<0.01) .Conclusions A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus as-sociated with depression has been successfully established by high fat diet and injection of low dose streptozotocin in combination with restraint stress for 21 days.This rat model is useful for further relevant studies.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of three column osteotomy (3-CO) procedures through previous spinal fusion site for the revision surgical treatment in severe spinal deformity patients.Methods From Oct.2010 to May 2014 in our hospital,a total of 12 severe spinal deformity patients underwent 3-CO for the revision surgical treatment.There were 7 males and 5 females with the average age of (21.8±3.8) years,ranging from 18 to 30 years.The mean time from the initial operation to the revision surgery was (10.2±4.8) years (ranging from 3 to 17 years).The reasons for revision were:curve progression in 7 patients,neurologic deficit in 2 cases,implant failure in 1 patient and pseudarthrosis in 2 patients.The coronal parameters including major Cobb angle and distance between C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line (C7PL-CSVL),and the sagittal parameters including global kyphosis curve and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured pre-operatively,post-operatively and at last followup,respectively.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and complications were recorded.The paired t test was used to evaluate the difference among pre-revision,post-revision and last follow-up.Results The average operation time was (451.7±83.1) min (range,320-600 min) and the average blood loss was (4 016.7± 1 080.0) ml (range,2 700-6 000 ml).The average follow-up time after revision operation was (35.4±9.8) months (range,24-49 months).The coronal Cobb angles of pre-revision and post-revision were 83.8°±23.3°and 34.6°± 13.7°.The average correction rate was 60.1％ ±8.8％.At last follow-up,the average coronal Cobb angle was 34.9°±13.8°,there was no significant loss of correction.The pre-revision and post-revision values of global kyphosis were 99.1°±13.3°and 38.7°±7.8° with a mean correction rate of 60.8％ ±6.7％.At the last follow-up,the average global kyphosis was 39.3°±7.5°and no loss of correction was found.For the C7PL-CSVL and SVA,pre-revision (30.3± 17.1) mm and (40.1±31.1) mm were corrected to (14.3 ±7.6) mm and (19.1± 12.3) mm immediately after revision operation,respectively.At final follow-up,the average C7PL-CSVL and SVA were(14.1 ± 7.6) mm and (19.6± 12.1) mm,the correction was well maintained.Obviously,two patient's neurological status improved from Frankel C before revision surgery to Frankel E.Complications were encountered in five patients (41.7％),including SEP signal changed in 1 patient (8.3％),transient neurologic deficit after revision surgery in 1 patient (8.3％),cerebrospinal fluid leak in 1 patient (8.3％),and pleural effusion in 2 patients (16.7％).During the follow-up time,there was no patient experienced pseudarthrosis,implant failure,infection or significant loss of correction.Conclusion Based on results of this study,it was concluded that 3-CO procedures through previous spinal fusion sites could obtain satisfactory and safety results in severe spinal deformity revision surgery.However,it is a technique-demanding procedure with more blood loss,longer operative time and higher risk of perioperative complications.