The multi-component pharmacokinetic study of Chinese herbal extracts elaborates the in vivo processes,including absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion,of multiple bioactive components,which is of significance in revealing pharmacodynamic material basis of Chinese herbal medicine. In recent years,with the innovation in ideas,and development of techniques and methods on traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) research,the pharmacokinetic studies of Chinese herbal extracts were extensively performed,and notable progress has been made. This paper reviewed the advancement of multi-component pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal extracts in recent five years from analysis technology of biological sample,the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine with complex system,and the impacts of processing and pathological state on pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal extracts,aiming to provide a reference for quality control,product development and rational medication of Chinese herbal extracts.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) injections boast a definite efficacy and have been widely used in clinic. However, the problems in medication safety have been attracted increasing attention. Pharmacokinetics is of significance to guiding TCM injection administration regimen design and improving safety and effectiveness in clinical use. In recent years, with the improvement of ideas, technology and methods of TCM studies, the pharmacokinetic studies of TCM injections have been broadly performed, with a notable progress. This paper reviewed the advance in pharmacokinetics studies of TCM injections in recent ten years, which mainly focused on pre-clinical concentration-time course, distribution, metabolism and excretion in vivo based on analysis techniques, pharmacokinetic interactions of constitutes, impact of pathological state, pharmacokinetic interactions between TCM injection and chemical drugs, and clinical pharmacokinetics studies of TCM injections, in the expectation of providing reference for studies on quality control, product development and rational clinical use of TCM injections.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control

Chinese medicinal formulae are the important means of clinical treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. It is urgent to use modern advanced scientific and technological means to reveal the complicated mechanism of Chinese medicinal formulae because they have the function characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets and integrated regulation. The systematic and comprehensive research model of proteomic is in line with the function characteristics of Chinese medicinal formulae, and proteomic has been widely used in the study of pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicinal formulae. The recent applications of proteomic in pharmacological study of Chinese medicinal formulae in anti-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, anti-liver disease, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases were reviewed in this paper, and then the future development direction of proteomic in pharmacological study of Chinese medicinal formulae was put forward. This review is to provide the ideas and method for proteomic research on function mechanism of Chinese medicinal formulae.

Total glucosides of peony (TGP), containing the effective components of paeoniflorin (Pae), albiflorin (Alb) and so on, are effective parts of Radix Paeoniae Alba. And it possesses extensive pharmacological actions, one of which is hepatoprotective effect. In recent years, abundant of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics research of TGP in hepatoprotective effects have been performed. However, the relative medicine of TGP in hepatoprotective effect has not been developed for clinical application. In order to provide reference for the development and rational clinical application of TGP, the research progresses of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TGP in hepatoprotective effect were summarized in this paper. Pharmacokinetics research has clarified the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of TGP in vivo, and liver injury disease can significantly influence its metabolic processes. Pharmacodynamics studies suggested that TGP can protect against acute liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), chronic liver fibrosis and liver cancer. However, the action mechanism and in vivo process about hepatoprotective effects of TGP have not been clearly revealed. How liver injury influences the metabolism of TGP and its integrated regulation through multiple targets need to be further studied. The combined pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies should be performed in favour of medicine development and clinical application of TGP in hepatoprotective effects.

Objective To investigate the effect of Celecoxib on human brain microvascular endothelial cells release6-keto-PGF1α,TXB2 and apotosis after irradiation.Methods The logarithmic growth phase cells were divided into control groups (Con),simple irradiation (IR) groups and combination groups (IR+C).CCK-8 and clone formation experiment were used to evaluate the effects of radiosensitivity and toxicity of celecoxib.The results were observed atthe time point of 6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h after irradiation.ELISA was used to test the contents of 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2,which metabolized by PGI2 and TXA2 from culture medium after irradiation at different time points in different groups.TXB2/6-keto-PGF1αratios were calculated.Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method was used to measure the apoptosis rates at different time points in different groups.Western blot was used to measure the protein expression.Paired t test difference.Results Compared with simple irradiation group,there were no significant radiosensitivity (SER=0.96) in combination groups incubated with30 μmol/L of celecoxib.Compared with the control group,the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1αincreased at each time point in IR and IR+C (P<0.05),and the apoptosis rates increased (P<0.05).Cox-2,P-JNK and Cleaved caspase-3 increased.Compared with IR,the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1αdecreased at each time point in IR+C (P<0.05),and the apoptosis rates decreased (t=3.34~6.38,P< 0.05).The protein expression of Cox-2,P-JNK and Cleaved caspase-3 decreased.Conclusions Celecoxib may help to protect HBMECs from releasing TXA2 and decreasing the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α,and inhibitting apoptosis after irradiation.The mechanisms of apoptosis inhibition may be related to the inhibition of Cox-2 and P-JNK,caspase-3 Cleaved proteinexpressions.

Objective: To establish a rapid and accurate method for the determination of 15 chemical drugs which were illegally added into the slimming Chinese patent medicines (CPM) and health foods. Methods: The UPLC-MS/MS method was adopted. The samples were extracted with methanol by ultrasonic processing and separated on a Waters Acquity BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with 0.1% formic acid methanol (A) -0.1% formic acid water (B) as mobile phase by gradient elution (0-3 min, 33%-45% A; 3-5 min, 45%-55% A; 5-7 min, 55%-70% A; 7-9 min, 70%-80% A; 9-10 min, 80%-90% A; 10-11 min, 90%-33% A; 11-13 min, 33% A at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, and the column temperature was 40℃. A positive-ion (ESI+) source and an MRM mode were used to separate and quantitatively determine 15 chemical drugs. The obtained molecular ions, fragment ions, and retention time for MRM channels were used to identify the 15 kinds of drugs by comparison with those of reference substances. The obtained peak areas were used to determine the accurate contents of chemical drugs in CPM and the health foods. Results: A good resolution of 15 kinds of chemical drugs, including terbutaline hydrochloride, ephedrine hydrochloride, theophylline, caffeine, doxofylline, clenbuterol hydrochloride, tulobuterol hydrochloride, bambuterol hydrochloride, fenfluramine hydrochloride, furosemide, indapamide, phenolphthalein, sibutramine hydrochloride, N-demethylated sibutramine hydrochloride, and hydrochloric acid N,N-dinor sibutraminel, was obtained under this UPLC and MS/MS condition. The limits of qualitation and quantitation were in the range of 0.1-5.0 ng/g and 0.3-15.0 ng/g. The standard addition recoveries were in the range of 91.8%-110.8%. In the 86 batches of samples (including capsules, granules, and other different matrix types) were detected in the 74 batches of added chemicals, the positive rate was 86.0%. Sibutramine hydrochloride (39 batches), furosemide (20 batches), phenolphthalein (23 batches), theophylline (1 batch), and caffeine (15 batches) were checked out in the samples, 22 batches of which two kinds were checked out, one batch of which three kinds were checked out. By contrast, the products which were not clearly marked manufacturer illegally added more seriously. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate, and highly sensitive, which can be used for the determination of illegally added chemical drugs in slimming CPM and health foods.

Objective To investigate the effect of"zero channel"emergency mode on the treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods A total of 147 patients with severe traumatic brain injury admitted to the Second Hospital of Jiaxing from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as study objects.Sixty-two patients hospitalized in traditional emergency mode from January to December 2020 were included in control group,and 85 patients hospitalized in"zero channel"emergency mode from January to December 2021 were included in observation group.The initiation time of rescue,completion time of CT examination,completion time of blood transfusion,duration of operation,clinical prognosis and complication rate were compared between two groups.Results The initiation time of rescue,completion time of CT examination,completion time of blood transfusion,and duration of operation in observation group were significantly shorter than those in control group(P<0.05).The proportion of good recovery in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(68.20%vs.38.70%,χ2=12.671,P<0.001).The complication rate of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group(21.18%vs.80.65%,χ2=51.000,P<0.001).Conclusion"Zero channel"emergency mode can effectively shorten the treatment time of patients with severe traumatic brain injury,improve the success rate of rescue,reduce the incidence of complications,worthy of clinical use and promotion.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Intestine, Small ; pathology ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of S₂ alar iliac screw insertion in Chinese children using computerized three-dimension reconstruction and simulated screw placement technique, and to optimize the measurement of screw parameters. METHODS: A total of 83 pelvic CT data of children who underwent pelvic CT scan December 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, excluding fractures, deformities, and tumors. There were 44 boys and 39 girls, with an average age of (10.66±3.52) years, and were divided into 4 groups based on age (group A:5 to 7 years old;group B:8 to 10 years old;group C:11-13 years old;group D:14 to 16 years old). The original CT data obtained were imported into Mimics software, and the bony structure of the pelvis was reconstructed, and the maximum and minimum cranial angles of the screws were simulated in the three-dimensional view with the placement of 6.5 mm diameter S2 alar iliac screws. Subsequently, the coronal angle, sagittal angle, transverse angle, total length of the screw, length of the screw in the sacrum, width of the iliac, and distance of the entry point from the skin were measured in 3-Matic software at the maximum and minimum head tilt angles, respectively. The differences among the screw parameters of S₂ alar iliac screws in children of different ages and the differences between gender and side were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: In all 83 children, 6.5 mm diameter S₂ iliac screws could be placed. There was no significant difference between the side of each screw placement parameter. The 5 to 7 years old children had a significantly smaller screw coronal angle than other age groups, but in the screw sagittal angle, the difference was more mixed. The 5 to 7 years old children could obtain a larger angle at the maximum head tilt angle of the screw, but at the minimum cranial angle, the larger angle was obtained in the age group of 11 to 13 years old. There were no significant differences among the age groups. The coronal angle and sagittal angle under maximum cephalic angle and minimum cranial angle of 5 to 7 years old male were (40.91±2.91)° and (51.85±3.75)° respectively, which were significantly greater than in female. The coronal angle under minimum cranial angle was significantly greater in girls aged 8-10 years old than in boys. For the remaining screw placement angle parameters, there were no significant differences between gender. The differences in the minimum iliac width, the screw length, and the length of the sacral screws showed an increasing trend with age in all age groups. The distance from the screw entry point to the skin in boys were significantly smaller than that of girls. The minimum width of the iliac in boys at 14 to 16 years of age were significantly wider than that in girls at the same stage. In contrast, in girls aged 5 to 7 years and 11 to 13 years, the screw length was significantly longer than that of boys at the same stage. CONCLUSION The pelvis of children aged 5 to 16 years can safely accommodate the placement of 6.5 mm diameter S₂ alar iliac screws, but the bony structures of the pelvis are developing and growing in children, precise assessment is needed to plan a reasonable screw trajectory and select the appropriate screw length.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Ilium/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Feasibility Studies ; Bone Screws ; Pelvis ; Sacrum/surgery* ; Spinal Fusion/methods*

Objective: To investigate the effect of cluster sedation and analgesia for patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods: From June 2016 to June 2017, 234 patients with mechanical ventilation admitted to the ICU of the Second Hospital of Jiaxing were selected and divided into study group (120 cases) and control group (114 cases) according to the random number method.The control group received conventional nursing, while the study group was given cluster sedation and analgesia.The drug use dose, mechanical ventilation time, ICU admission time, sputum incidence and 1-month survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The total dose and unit dose in the study group were lower than those in the control group [(252.17±38.42)mg vs.(326.50±50.88)mg, (60.50±9.33)μg·kg^-1·h^-1 vs.(79.41±10.52)μg·kg^-1·h^-1, t=12.562, 14.564, P=0.000, 0.000]. The duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay in the study group were also shorter than those in the control group [(5.13±0.73)d vs.(7.57±0.95)d, (7.02±0.91)d vs.(10.55±1.26)d, t=21.949, 24.460, P=0.000, 0.000]. The incidence rate of delirium in the study group was lower than that in the control group (28.33% vs.50.88%, χ²=12.453, P=0.000). The 1-month survival rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (91.67% vs.80.70%, χ²=5.954, P=0.015). Conclusion Cluster sedation and analgesia is an effective method for ICU mechanical ventilation patients, which can improve the quality of medical and nursing, and is an important embodiment in critical medical management, it is worthy of attention in intensive care workers.