The multi-component pharmacokinetic study of Chinese herbal extracts elaborates the in vivo processes,including absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion,of multiple bioactive components,which is of significance in revealing pharmacodynamic material basis of Chinese herbal medicine. In recent years,with the innovation in ideas,and development of techniques and methods on traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) research,the pharmacokinetic studies of Chinese herbal extracts were extensively performed,and notable progress has been made. This paper reviewed the advancement of multi-component pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal extracts in recent five years from analysis technology of biological sample,the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine with complex system,and the impacts of processing and pathological state on pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal extracts,aiming to provide a reference for quality control,product development and rational medication of Chinese herbal extracts.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVE: To establish the optimum extraction technique and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method to simultaneously quantify nine compounds of gallic acid, hydroxy-paeoniflorin, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, pentagalloylglucose, benzoic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol in . METHODS: Linear gradient elution was applied using water containing 0.1%phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, column temperature of 30℃ and wavelength of 230 nm. The method of ultrasound extraction was used. Methanol and ethanol were used as extraction solvents, and three factors and three levels of orthogonal experiments was designed using L (3 ) table to investigate the effects of solvent concentration, ratio of liquid to material and extraction time on the total content of nine components of . RESULTS: HPLC method was verified to have high specificity, sensitivity and accuracy through methodological validation, and it could be used for simultaneous quantitative analysis of nine components of . The results showed that the optimum extraction technology of nine components of was using 70%ethanol as extraction solvent, ratio of liquid to material was 200 mL/g and ultrasound extraction time was 30 min. CONCLUSIONS HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of nine components of is established, and the optimum extraction technology is confirmed.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Paeonia

Objective To investigate the expression and regulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); to examine the correlation of the mRNA levels between PD and BTLA in NSCLC. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of PD1 and BTLA on the surfaces of CD8⁺ T cells and γδ⁺ T cells in the peripheral blood samples collected from 32 in-patients with stage IV NSCLC and 30 healthy individuals. We compared the expression of PD1 and BTLA on the surfaces of γδ⁺ T cells in the NSCLC patients with bone metastasis before and after the treatment of zoledronic acid. The correlations of PD1 and BTLA, as well as their ligands were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis with the cBioPortal data platform. Results The frequency of PD1 on the surfaces of CD8⁺ T cells was significantly higher than that of the γδT cells in both healthy controls (t=2.324, P=0.024) and NSCLC patients（t=2.498, P=0.015). The frequency of PD1 on CD8⁺ T cells, rather than on γδ⁺ T cells, was significantly upregulated in advanced NSCLC patients compared with that in healthy controls (t=4.829, P<0.001). The PD1⁺ BTLA⁺γδT cells of the healthy controls were significantly lower than that of the NSCLC patients (t=2.422, P=0.0185). No differences in percentage of PD1⁺γδ⁺ and BTLA⁺γδ⁺ T cells were observed in 7 NSCLC patients with bone metastasis before and after zoledronic acid treatment. PD1 was positively correlated with BTLA in both lung adenocarcinoma (r=0.54; P<0.05) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (r=0.78; P<0.05). Conclusions The upregulation of co-inhibitory molecules occurs on the surfaces of both CD8⁺ T cells and γδT cells in advanced NSCLC, suggesting that these molecules were involved in regulating the inactivation of CD8⁺ T cells and γδ⁺ T cells, immune escape and tumor invasion.
Bone Neoplasms/secondary* ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lung Neoplasms/immunology* ; Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism*

Patients in traffic accidents are usually presented with pain and bleeding due to fractures or soft tissue injury. On some occasions, more severe complications may be triggered by the trauma. A review of the published English language literature reveals no survival case once the traumatic mediastinal hematoma is ruptured. In our case, a 54-year-old man suffering motorcycle accident was admitted to emergency department. Computed tomography scan revealed subdural hematoma combined with posterior mediastinal hematoma. The patient was saved and discharged with a satisfactory outcome. Here we hope to share our treatment experience in dealing with the patient with severe multiple trauma.
Hematoma ; complications ; Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinal Diseases ; complications ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Thoracic Diseases ; therapy

Objective: To analyze the delayed effect of candesartan ester combined with tripterygium wilfordii on renal failure of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from 2 to 3. Methods: From May 2015 to May 2016, 80 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRF) in Jiaxing Hospital of Zhejiang Provincial Armed Police Corps were selected in the research.The patients were randomly divided into the combined group and control group by compute random grouping method, with 40 cases in each group.The combined group was given candesartan ester combined with tripterygium wilfordii glycosides, and the control group was given glucocorticoid treatment.The therapeutic effect, the incidence of adverse reactions, improvement of clinical indicators and degree of kidney damage were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the combined group was 95%, which was higher than 80% of the control group (χ²=4.116, P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the combined group was 7.5%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ²=6.657, P<0.05). The biochemical parameters of the two groups had no statistically significant differences(t=1.032, 0.835, 1.017, 0.924, all P>0.05), but the serum urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and uric acid levels in the combined group were (6.3±1.2)mmol/L, (99.6±4.5)μmol/L, (82.7±6.5)mL/min and (335.2±28.6)μmol/L, respectively, which were significantly better than those of the control group[(7.9±2.5)mmol/L, (128.9±6.4)moL/L, (59.6±7.3)mL/min and (437.9±37.1)mol/L](t=7.812, 8.119, 7.523, 8.981, all P<0.05). Before treatment, the renal damage degree between the two groups had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). After treatment, the proportions of renal damage degree stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ in the combined group were 72.5%, 12.5%, 15.0% and 0.00%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (22.5%, 32.5%, 37.5% and 7.5%) (χ²=20.058, 4.592, 5.237, 1.394, all P<0.05). Conclusion Candesartan ester combined with tripterygium wilfordii can be effectively used in the treatment of CKD at 2 to 3 stages, and the incidence of adverse reactions of drugs is relatively low, which can effectively improve the clinical indicators of patients and has a good retarding effect on renal failure.Therefore, it is recommended to be widely used in clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of snakegourd root polysaccharide on apoptosis of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells).

METHODSColorimetric MTT assay was used to measure the inhibition of snakegourd root polysaccharide on MCF-7 cells. The morphological changes of MCF-7 cells were observed by fluorescence microscope after DAPI staining and transmission electron microscope. The apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was examined by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of DNA fragmentation amd flow cytometry. The activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 was detected by colorimetric assay.

RESULTSPolysaccharide of snakegourd root significantly inhibited MCF-7 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The nuclear condensation and marginalization were observed by DAPI staining and transmission electron microscope. The characteristic ladder of apoptosis in DNA electrophoresis was detected in MCF-7 cells treated with 10.0 μmol/L polysaccharide of snakegourd root at d 2. The activities of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were increased in a time-dependent manner. The rates of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells were (5.2 ±1.3)%, (13.1 ±4.7)%, (27.6 ±6.8)% and (43.8 ±9.8)% treated with 1.0,5.0,10.0 and 20.0 μmol/L snakegourd root polysaccharide at d 2,respectively. The maximal activities of intracellular Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were (2.32 ±0.12)U/μg and (1.92 ±0.11)U/μg at d 2 and d 1, respectively when MCF-7 cells were treated with 10.0 μmol/L.

CONCLUSIONThe polysaccharide of snakegourd root can induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells,which is associated with the activation of intracellular Caspase-3 and Caspase-8.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Trichosanthes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo determine the possible difference in vasodialtation effect of quercetin and rutin.

METHODSThe isolated rat thoracic aorta was treated with phenylephrine (PE), and the effects of quercetin and rutin on the preconstricted aorta rings with or without endothelium were determined by organ bath technique. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl-ester (L-NAME), guanylyl cyclase inhibitor methylene blue, cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin were used to explore the mechanism.

RESULTSQuercetin (10-160 micromol/L) caused vasorelaxation of aorta rings preconstricted with PE in endothelium-intact and denuded aorta rings in a dose-dependent manner. Rutin(10-160 micromol/L) caused dose-dependent vasorelaxation in endothelium-intact rings preconstricted with phenylephrine, but not in denuded aorta rings. The maximal response (Rmax) values calculated from vasorelaxation curves of quercetin and rutin were (77.20+/-6.11)% and (44.28+/-7.48)%, respectively. There was no difference between median effective concentration (EC(50)) values of quercetin and rutin. Pretreatment with L-NAME (0.1 mmol/L) abolished the vasorelaxation by rutin,but did not influence the vasodilating effect of quercetin in endothelium-intact rings. Pretreatment with methylene blue (10 mmol/L) canceled the vasorelaxation both by quercetin and rutin. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10 micromol/L) attenuated the vasodilatation of quercetin, but did not affect the vascular effect of rutin.

CONCLUSIONThe vasodilatation effect of quercetin is more potent than rutin. The vasodilatation effect of quercetin might be mediated by guanylyl cyclase and cyclooxygenase-dependent pathway, while the vasodilatation by rutin might be via nitric oxide-guanylyl cyclase pathway.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Guanylate Cyclase ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Phenylephrine ; pharmacology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; metabolism ; Quercetin ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rutin ; pharmacology ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

In daily medical work, most of the critically ill patients who cannot move by themselves are pulled and lifted by manpower, often relying on the cooperation of many doctors and nurses, which not only increases the risk of transfer and patients' discomfort, but also causes certain skeletal and muscle damage to the porters. The emergency department of the First Hospital of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province designed a kind of patient transfer device, and obtained the National Utility Model Patent (ZL 2018 2 0579844.X). The transfer device is composed of upper frame, lower frame and base. The upper frame and the lower frame are rectangular and in a horizontal position. The upper frame can slide laterally through the circular tubes which are fixed on the lower frame. The lower part of the base is provided with four universal foot brake wheels. During the usage, the booster frame facilitates the transfer of patients by the rolling and two sliding tracks of the circular tube, which can make patients move smoothly and comfortably, and reduce the working intensity of the transporter. This device has good practical value.

To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) in breast cancer patients with a positive-to-negative switch of hormone receptor status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).One hundred and six patients who presented with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer at diagnosis and turned to HR-negative after NAC during December 2000 and December 2013 in Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital were retrospectively identified. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were used for univariate analyses of factors related to disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis was carried out using the Cox proportional hazards model in patients with DFS and OS.All the patients were categorized into two groups on the basis of the administration of AET:61 AET-administered patients (57.5%) and 45 AET-naïve patients (42.5%). After a median follow-up of 68 months (range 14-103 months), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) status, initial clinical stage, pathological axillary lymph node status and the use of AET were identified as the variables affecting DFS and OS (all<0.05). Patients treated with AET had a significantly improved 5-year DFS rate when compared with that without AET (77.1%53.5%,<0.05). The 5-year OS of AET-administered patients was also better than that of AET-naïve patients (80.9%71.0%,<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that AET-administered or not was the independent predictor for 5-year DFS (=2.096, 95%:1.081-4.065,<0.05).Patients with HR altered from positive to negative after NAC may still gain benefit from AET.
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; classification ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent ; drug therapy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy