The immunosuppressive effect of supernatant of the cultured tumor cells, including breast adenocarcinoma ( MCF-7, MDA-453 ), gastrocarcinoma ( MKN-45 ), cervical cancer ( Hela ) and ovarian cancer ( 3AO ), was studied by MTT assay. The results showed that the supernatant of tumor cell culture suppressed the proliferation of lymphocytes activated with PHA. The supernatant of cultured tumor cells, except that of cultured MDA-453 cells, also suppressed the cytotoxic activity of LAK cells. It is suggested that there are immunosuppressive factors in the supernatant of tumor cell culture. But the immunosuppressive effect of supernatant derived from the cultured tumor cells treated with sodium phenylacetate that is a noncytotoxic differentiation inducer on the proliferation of lymphocytes activated with PHA and the cytotoxic activity of LAK cells , was decreased significantly. It indicates that sodium phenylacetate could decrease the immunosuppressive factors derived from tumor cells.

Sodium phenylacetate can induce differentiation of tumor cells and has been approved as a drug for the treatment of adults with cancer. In order to explore the immunological mechanism of its antitumor effect, the influence of sodium phenylacetate on HLA class I and II molecule expression in various human tumor cell lines, including breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7.MUA-453), gastrocarcinoma(MKN-28,MKN-45), ovarian cancer(3AO) and cervical cancer(Hela), was studied with ELISA. The result showed that HLA class II molecule was absent from the surface of MCF-7 cells, but they could be induced after 7 days of continued treatment with sodium phenylacetate. Sodium phenylacetate was found to increase HLA class I molecule expression on the surface of MCF-7 cells, HLA class 1 and II molecule expression on the surface of MDA-453、 MKN-28、 MKN-45、 Hela and 3AO cells. The effect of sodium phenylacetate on HLA class I molecule expression in tumor cells is dose-and time-dependent.

Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of micro anchor combined Kirschner wire for treatment of mallet finger.Methods Fifteen patients with mallet finger were treated with operation therapy of micro anchor combined with Kirschner wire fixation,postoperative the distal interphalangeal joint dorsiflexion,proximal interphalangeal joint flexion splint fixation for 4 weeks,pulling Kirschner wire 6 weeks later,and active and passive functional exercise of distal interphalangeal joint.Results Fifteen patients incisions healed well,with no complications.Fifteen patients were followed up for 6-12 months.At last follow-up,9 cases were excellent,5 cases were good,and 1 case was poor.Conclusion The micro anchor combined with Kirschner wire for treatment of mallet finger is simple and effective.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of tail hole needle combined with titanium cable tension band fixation for the treatment of patellar fracture.Methods Thirty-five patients with patella fracture were treated with the tail hole needle combined with titanium cable tension band fixation.Results All 35 patients were followed up for 6-24 months,average 11 months.The incisions were stage Ⅰ heal.Fractures were healed,the healing time was 4-10 weeks,average 6 weeks.The patients were evaluated according to the Bostman knee functional score standard:excellent in 30 cases,good in 5 cases,the excellent and good rate was 100％ (35/35).There was no complication such as fracture displacement,internal fixation loosening or fracture,infection of incision,etc.Conclusion The tail hole needle combined with titanium cable tension band fixation is simple,firm fixation,less complications and good functional recovery of knee joint for the treatment of patella fracture.

It is more than 20 years since the first endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm was performed. Significantly reducing risk of morbidity and mortality compared with open aortic repair, the advent of endovascular repair has revolutionized the treatment of complex aortic disease. It is now the first-line treatment for most thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm patients. However, spinal cord ischemia (SCI) remains one of the most threatening complications after the procedure, and significantly reduces overall survival. The pathophysiology of spinal cord ischemia remains unclear but may well be multifactorial. Risk factors for SCI include excessive aortic coverage, detriment to the collateral network through occlusion of the left subclavian or internal iliac arteries, perioperative hypotension and chronic renal failure. SCI could be predicted, prevented and ameliorated through the application of motor evoked potential, permissive perioperative hypertension, cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD), preoperative or concomitant left subclavian artery (LSA) revascularization and some drugs. However, there are certain complications and contraindications for CSFD and arterial revascularization. As a result, we must balance the pros and cons of these invasive measures. So we summarize our clinical experience and propose the employment of LSA revascularization and CSFD in certain kinds of high-risk patients respectively. With the development of technology and preventive measures, we believe that SCI could be minimized in the forseeable future.

It is more than 20 years since the first endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm was performed. Significantly reducing risk of morbidity and mortality compared with open aortic repair, the advent of endovascular repair has revolutionized the treatment of complex aortic disease. It is now the first-line treatment for most thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm patients. However, spinal cord ischemia (SCI) remains one of the most threatening complications after the procedure, and significantly reduces overall survival. The pathophysiology of spinal cord ischemia remains unclear but may well be multifactorial. Risk factors for SCI include excessive aortic coverage, detriment to the collateral network through occlusion of the left subclavian or internal iliac arteries, perioperative hypotension and chronic renal failure. SCI could be predicted, prevented and ameliorated through the application of motor evoked potential, permissive perioperative hypertension, cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD), preoperative or concomitant left subclavian artery (LSA) revascularization and some drugs. However, there are certain complications and contraindications for CSFD and arterial revascularization. As a result, we must balance the pros and cons of these invasive measures. So we summarize our clinical experience and propose the employment of LSA revascularization and CSFD in certain kinds of high-risk patients respectively. With the development of technology and preventive measures, we believe that SCI could be minimized in the forseeable future.

Objective Microcystin-leucine-arginine(MC-LR)exposure induces lipid metabolism disorders in the liver.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5)is a natural antagonist of winglesstype MMTV integration site family,member 5A(Wnt5a)and an anti-inflammatory adipocytokine.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether MC-LR can induce lipid metabolism disorders in hepatocytes and whether SFRP5,which has anti-inflammatory effects,can alleviate the effects of hepatic lipid metabolism by inhibiting the Wnt5a/Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathway. Methods We exposed mice to MC-LR in vivo to induce liver lipid metabolism disorders.Subsequently,mouse hepatocytes that overexpressed SFRP5 or did not express SFRP5 were exposed to MC-LR,and the effects of SFRP5 overexpression on inflammation and Wnt5a/JNK activation by MC-LR were observed. Results MC-LR exposure induced liver lipid metabolism disorders in mice and significantly decreased SFRP5 mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner.SFRP5 overexpression in AML12 cells suppressed MC-LR-induced inflammation.Overexpression of SFRP5 also inhibited Wnt5a and phosphorylation of JNK. Conclusion MC-LR can induce lipid metabolism disorders in mice,and SFRP5 can attenuate lipid metabolism disorders in the mouse liver by inhibiting Wnt5a/JNK signaling.

Objective:To explore the expression of abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated (ASPM) in liver cancer tissues and clarify its prognostic relationship with clinicopathological features of liver cancer after liver transplantation.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was employed for detecting the expression of ASPM in 72 liver cancer tissues and 36 adjacent tissues of liver cancer liver transplant recipients fulfilling the Hangzhou criterion. In conjunctions with clinicopathological data, the correlation between the expression level of ASPM in liver cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics and the post-transplantation prognosis for liver cancer were statistically analyzed.Results:During a median follow-up period of 29 months, 20 patients relapsed and 8 died after transplantation. Immunohistochemical results indicated that the high-expression rates of ASPM were 58.3% and 25.0% in liver cancer and adjacent tissues ( P=0.001). The difference was statistically significant. The high-expression rate of ASPM was significantly higher in liver cancer tissues than that in adjacent tissues. The expression level of ASPM was not correlated with gender, age, smoking/alcoholic history, hepatitis history, preoperative level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), tumor size, tumor load or vascular tumor thrombus ( P>0.05). And the postoperative high-expression rates of ASPM were 51.0% and 76.2% in pathological differentiation type Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ groups ( P=0.049). The difference was statistically significant. The wrose pathological differentiation type of liver cancer, the higher expression level of ASPM in liver cancer tissue. In liver cancer tissues, the overall 1/3/5-year survival rates of ASPM high/low-expression group were 97.6%, 80.6%, 80.6% and 93.3%, 89.7% and 89.7% respectively ( P>0.05). There was no statistical significance. And 1/3/5-year long-term disease-free survival rates were 78.6%, 55.5%, 55.5% and 86.3%, 86.3% and 86.3% respectively ( P=0.036). The difference was statistically significant. The disease-free survival rate was lower in ASPM high-expression group and post-transplantation prognosis was worse. Conclusions:The expression of ASPM is significantly higher in liver cancer tissues than that in adjacent tissues. And the expression level of ASPM in liver cancer tissues is correlated with pathological differentiation types of liver cancer and has an impact on tumor-free survival of patients after liver transplantation for liver cancer.

Objective: To explore the treatment effect of pedicled myocutaneous island flap of anterolateral thigh muscle on the suprapubic defect caused by bladder exstrophy in children. Methods: The clinical data of 3 adolescents with bladder exstrophy were analyzed. All 3 cases underwent one-stage Kelly procedure and received the treatment using pedicled myocutaneous island flap of anterolateral thigh muscle to repair the suprapubic defect. The bladder expansion was performed with ileal sarcoplasmic layer graft, and the Cohen ureteral reimplantation was performed as well, for 1 case 1, 1 year after the first operation. The others 2 patients didn′t receive the second operation. Results: All operations were successful. The femoral donor regions were directly closed. Postoperative follow-up period was 1-7 years. The myocutaneous island flaps were survived and grew well. All incisions of the femoral donor region were primary healing without scar hypertrophy. Urinary continence was achieved in 2 cases, and partially achieved in 1 case. Recurrent urinary tract infection, recurrent fever or abdominal pain were not observed in all patients. Conclusions The pedicled anterolateral thigh myocutaneous island flap is an alternative way to repair suprapubic defect caused by bladder exstrophy.

Objective:To detect and analyze the contents of eight metal elements in water samples of plague foci in Yunnan Province.Methods:During the period from December 2015 to November 2016, the plague foci of Yulong, Jianchuan and Lianghe were selected as sampling sites, water samples were collected in areas with rodent activities in the 4 seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The contents of eight metal elements calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), plumbum (Pb), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and cuprum (Cu) in water samples were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and the data [median (interquartile distance)] were statistically analyzed.Results:Twenty-six, 58 and 54 water samples were collected from Yulong, Jianchuan and Lianghe plague foci, respectively. The contents of metal elements of Pb and Cd in water samples of the three plague foci [Yulong: 0.19 (0.78) and 0.08 (0.07) mg/L; Jianchuan: 0.23 (0.56) and 0.03 (0.06) mg/L; Lianghe: 0.13 (0.61) and 0.09 (0.08) mg/L] were higher than that of "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water" (Pb: 0.10 mg/L, Cd: 0.01 mg/L). There were significant differences in the contents of Ca and Cd elements among the three regions ( P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the contents of the other 6 metal elements among the three regions ( P > 0.05). The content of Ca element was the highest in Yulong plague foci, and the lowest in Lianghe plague foci ( P < 0.017). In the Yulong plague foci, there was no statistically significant difference in the content of Fe element in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the contents of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of Cr element in Jianchuan plague foci in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the content of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of Ca element in Lianghe plague foci in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the content of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The metal element contents of Pb and Cd are relatively abundant in water samples from 3 plague foci of Yunnan Province, and the seasonal variation trend of metal element content in water samples of Yulong and Jianchuan plague foci is similar.