Dyslipidemia is one of the most important pathogenic factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Detection of lipid and lipid metabolism related indicators is important in diagnosis and treatment for dyslipidemia,as well as risk assessment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.In recent years,with advances in technology and research,focuses on lipoproteins gradually extended from quantity changes toqualitative changes.The emphasis also turns to some lipid metabolism related proteins,susceptibility genes,DNA methylation,miRNA and lipidomics.Relevant researches have become a hot topic in this field.

Central nervous system ( CNS) injuries, such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI), are often accompanied by complex pathological changes, and could lead to a variety of other neurological diseases.Neurons and glial cells are precisely regulated by many genes.MicroRNA ( miRNA ) are endogenous molecules discovered in recent years that regulate post transcriptional gene expression.They are highly expressed in the central nervous system and abnormal expressed under pathological conditions.They are involved in regulating variety of pathological processes after CNS injuries, and are CNS disease potential biomarkers.

Objective To investigate altered levels and clinical significance of serum miR-133a in patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) and stable coronary artery disease ( SCAD ) .Methods Retrospective study.Serum miR-133a levels were determined by TaqMan quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assay in 64 ACS, 62 SCAD patients who were admitted to Jinling Hospital from October 2011 to October 2012 and 70 normal controls who had contemporaneously visited Jinling Hospital for routine examination .The ACS and SCAD patients were diagnosed according to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines .Serum lipid/lipoprotein profiles , myonecrosis biomarkers and Gensini scores were also analyzed .The area under curve ( AUC) and 95%confidence interval ( CI) were calculated using ROC analyses .The odds ratio ( OR) and 95%CI were calculated using the multivariate logistic regression analyses .Results Compared with the controls [ΔCt:1.00 ±0.05], serum miR-133a levels were significantly increased in both ACS [ΔCt:2.34 ±0.24] (t=6.059, P<0.001) and SCAD [ΔCt:1.45 ±0.13] (t=3.265, P=0.001) patients.The miR-133a levels in ACS patients were significantly higher than in SCAD patients (t=3.133, P=0.002). Serum miR-133a were positively correlated with levels of creatine kinase MB ( CK-MB) ( r=0.402, P<0.001), cardiac troponin I (cTNI) (r=0.410, P=0.001) and Gensini scores (r=0.438, P<0.001). ROC curve analyses showed that the AUC of miR-133a for differentiating coronary artery disease (CAD) and controls was 0.717 (95%CI:0.645-0.788, P<0.001) and the AUC for differentiating ACS and SCAD was 0.667 (95% CI:0.573-0.761, P=0.001).Logistic regression analyses revealed that high miR-133a levels were closely associated with the presence of ACS ( OR=6.00, 95% CI:1.93 -18.67, P=0.002) and SCAD (OR=2.81, 95%CI:1.03-7.68, P=0.044), and also had statistical significance for differentiating ACS and SCAD (OR=2.13, 95% CI:1.20-3.78, P=0.010), after adjustment for the age, gender and serum lipid/lipoprotein levels.Conclusions Serum miR-133a levels were significantly elevated in CAD patients, and ACS patients exhibited the more significant increase .Serum miR-133a may be function as the potential biomarker for the disease assessment and judgement .

Objective To analyze serum levels of C1q in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS),and investigate the clinical significance and the relationship among the altered serum C1q levels and other lipid/lipoprotein and renal function parametersin children with NS inacute and remission phases.Methods Serum levels of C1q were measured in 78 NS children with acute phase,in 64NS children with remission and in 77 healthy control children.The other lipid/lipoprotein and renal function parameters were also analyzed in these children,including TP,ALB,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,Urea,Cr and Uric.Results Compared with the healthy control children [173.00(161.00～185.00)mg/L],children with NS inacute [203.50(183.75 ～ 223.75) mg/L] and remission phases [185.00 (161.00 ～ 202.00) mg/L] all had a significantly increasedserum levels of C1q.Compared with NS children in remission,those in acute phase showed a significantly increased C1q (P＜0.001).In all the NS children,the serum levels of C1q were positively correlated with the levels of TC (r=0.483,P＜0.001),TG (r=0.423,P＜0.001) and LDL-C (r=0.450,P＜0.001),while negatively correlated with the levels of TP (r=-0.276,P=0.001 ＜0.01) and ALB (r=-0.410,P＜0.001).Multiple linear regression analyses showed that serum levels of C1q were independently associated with serum TG levels (β=9.235,P＜0.001;adjusted R2 =0.215) after adjustment of other related factors.Conclusion Serum levels of C1q were significantly increased in NS children in association with their conditions and the levels of lipid/lipoprotein parameters,and may be function as anovel parameter for assessing the development of NS.

Objective To detect altered levels and clinical significance of serum miR-216a and prognosis monitoring in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients.Methods Serum miR-216a levels were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay among 80 mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) patients,80 severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients and 74 healthy controls.And amylase (AMY),lipase (LPS),Ca2+,glucose (Glu),hematocrit (HCT),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC) and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured by biochemical analyzer.The clinical usefulness of miR-216a for AP patients was assessed by ROC curve analysis and correlation analysis.Results Compared with healthy controls (11.12 × 10-5 [5.83 × 10-5,19.12 × 10-5],the serum miR216a levels were significantly increased in AP patients(38.49 × 10-5 [24.05 × 10-5,62.02 × 10-5],(U =-9.10,P ＜ 0.01) . The serum miR-216a levels in MAP and SAP patients were (36.46 × 10-5 [22.29 × 10-5,55.80 × 10-5] vs 40.44 × 10-5 [25.84 × 10-5,65.48 × 10-5]),there was no significant difference between MAP and SAP patients (U =-0.96,P ＞ 0.05).The areas under ROC curve (AUCROC) of miR-216a for differential healthy controls and AP patients was 0.870 (95％ CI:0.825-0.915),cut-off value is 0.61.AUCROC of miR-216a for differential healthy controls and MAP patients was 0.865 (95％ CI:0.808-0.921),cut-off value is 0.59.And AUCROC of miR-216a for differential healthy controls and SAP patients was 0.876 (95％ CI:0.822-0.930),cut-off value is 0.66.Moreover,after the clinical improvement of the patients,the levels of serum miR-216a were significantly lowered from (41.88 × 10-5 [24.24 × 10-s,64.44 × 10-5]) to (20.58 × 10-5 [11.01 × 10-5,41.91 × 10-5]),the differences was significant(U =5.24,P ＜ 0.0l).Correlation analysis showed that miR-216a was positively correlated with CRP (r =0.215,P =0.006) in AP patients.Conclusion The levels of miR-216a in serum of AP patients were increased,which is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of AP.

Objective To analyze the changes of serum levels ofαII-spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs)in traumatic brain inj ury (TBI)patients,and further to investigate the clinical diagnosis value of SBDPs for patients with TBI,especially with mTBI.Methods The serum levels of SBDPs were examined in 43 severe TBI (sTBI)patients,43 mild TBI (mTBI)patients and 43 healthy controls using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The diagnostic usefulness of SBDPs for TBI patients were assessed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)curves analysis.Results There was no significant difference of SBDP145 among the three groups (F=1.340,P>0.05).Serum levels of SBDP120 in controls,mTBI and con-trols were 7.06±2.23,11.67±9.14 and 12.64±11.44 ng/ml,respectively.Compared with controls,serum levels of SB-DP120 were significantly higher in patients with sTBI (F=9.873,P=0.001)and mTBI (F=9.873,P=0.008),while there was no significant difference of SBDP120 between sTBI patients and mTBI patients (F=9.873,P=0.515>0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC)of SBDP120 for TBI patients was 0.781 (95% CI:0.690~0.872,P<0.001).For mTBI patients,the area under ROC curve was 0.736 (95% CI:0.624~0.848,P<0.001).And for discriminating TBI patients with CT negative or positive,the area under ROC curve was 0.709 (95% CI:0.582~0.837,P=0.007<0.01).Conclusion The serum levels of SBDP120 were significantly increased in TBI patients,especially mTBI patients.And the serum levels of SBDP120 can be used as potential non-invasive biomarker for mTBI patients.

Dyslipidemia is one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Extensive evidence has proven that effective control of dyslipidemia can reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases .In recent years, related research in the field of blood lipids has been quite active.The guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in Europe , the United States, and China have been successively updated .Although there are some disagreements on whether the LDL-C should reach the target value and whether blood lipid testing needs fasting , all of these new guidelines emphasize the importance of controlling blood lipid levels in different risk stratification groups , also emphasize that lipid-lowering therapy should be patient-centered to improve patient compliance .At present, most of the laboratory report of blood lipid test results in China cannot meet the requirements of different therapeutic targets for patients with different risk groups in the " Guidelines for the management of blood lipids".How to make the reasonable blood lipid reference range better reflected in the clinical test report form, is also one of the directions that future laboratory physicians need to work hard on.

Objective: To detect the altered levels of miR-422a in serum of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and explore its clinical value as diagnostic and prognostic indicator for TBI. Methods: Serum miR-422a levels were determined by TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 75 mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients, 75 severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients and 75 healthy controls. The differences of serum miR-422a levels were compared between the TBI patients with and without lesions on head CT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of miR-422a for mTBI and sTBI patients. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the levels of miR-422a and the severity and prognosis of TBI patients. Results: Compared with healthy controls [(31.1×10 -5 (18×10 -5 , 51.5×10 -5 )］, the serum miR-422a level was significantly increased in both the patients of mTBI 81.6×10 -5 (51.2×10 -5 , 131.1×10 -5 ) (Z=-6.647, P＜0.001)］and sTBI [132.5×10 -5 (51.5×10 -5 , 240.5×10 -5 ) (Z=-7.345, P＜0.001)］. The serum miR-422a level of sTBI patients was significantly higher than that of mTBI patients (Z=-2.573, P=0.01). The area under ROC curve (AUC ROC ) of miR-422a for distinguishing healthy controls from TBI patients was 0.831 (95%CI: 0.776 to 0.886, P＜0.001). The AUC ROC of miR-422a for distinguishing healthy controls from mTBI patients was 0.814 (95%CI: 0.744 to 0.885, P＜0.001). The AUC ROC of miR-422a for distinguishing healthy controls from sTBI patients was 0.847 (95%CI: 0.785 to 0.910, P＜0.001). miR-422a level of the TBI patients with lesions on head CT were significantly increased compared with that without lesions on head CT (P=0.025). In addition, the level of miR-422a in TBI patients with unfavorable outcome was significantly higher than that in TBI patients with favorable outcome (P=0.031). Spearman correlations analysis showed that the level of the miR-422a was significantly negatively correlated with GCS score (Glasgow coma scale) (r=-0.231, P=0.004) and GOS score (Glasgow outcome scale) (r=-0.208, P=0.011). Conclusion The level of serum miR-422a in TBI patients was significantly increased and related to the condition and prognosis of TBI patients. Serum miR-422a may be a potential biomarker for the assessment of diagnosis and prognosis of TBI patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between miR-144 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2).

METHODSRT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of TLR2 and its downstream inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in rat macrophage cell line NR8383 transfected by a mimic miR-144 or miR-144 inhibitor. The fragments of 3'UTR region of rat TLR2 mRNA including wild or mutant miR-144 binding site obtained by PCR using rat liver cDNA were ligated to pmirGLO report gene vector digested with SacI and XbaI to construct the recombinant vectors of pmir-TLR2-3'UTR and pmir-mutant-TLR2-3'UTR. The miR-144 targeting TLR2 was further determined by dual luciferase reporter assay and miR-144 mimics.

RESULTSTLR2 and TNF-α in NR8383 cells were decreased after transfection with 100 nmol/L mimic miR-144 for 24 h and increased after transfection with 100 nmol/L miR-144 inhibitor. PCR and double-enzyme digestion with SacI and XbaI confirmed successful insertion of the target fragments. Dual luciferase reporter assay suggested the binding of miR-144 to the 3'UTR of rat TLR2 mRNA.

CONCLUSIONmiR-144 negatively regulates the expression of TLR2 and its down-stream cytokine TNF-α by targeting TLR2 in NR8383 cells.

3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Genetic Vectors ; Luciferases ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

The residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is the term applied to the cardiovascular events remain prevalent among individuals with low or normal LDL-C, normal blood pressure and glucose. Therefore, while controlling traditional risk factors, the CVD residual risk is constantly being discovered, which is crucial for further reducing CVD events. Lipoprotein (a), TRLs and their residues, HDL-C, hypersensitive CRP and homocysteine have been found to be CVD residual risk factors. Whether gene-related factors and some new non-traditional factors can predict residual CVD risk have also become the current research hotspots. Focusing on the residual risk factors of cardiovascular disease can provide new ideas for further reducing CVD events.