BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and/or poor bone microarchitecture leading to an increased risk of fractures. Oral manifestations can be frequently discovered in osteoporosis patients. Osteoporosis therapies have mostly relied on antiresorptive drugs. Parathyroid hormone plays a significant role in osteogenesis and calcium deposition. Intermittent exposure to parathyroid hormone has been widely proved to lead to a net increase in bone formation.
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the possibly celular and molecular mechanism of parathyroid hormone in strengthening the bone mineral density and regulating bone formation.
METHODS: An online search of CNKI and Medline databases was performed for relevant articles using keywords of “parathyroid hormone; osteoporosis; osteoblast; osteogenesis” in Chinese and English, respectively. Relevant articles were summarized from three aspects: effects of parathyroid hormone on differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, effects of parathyroid hormone on osteoblast apoptosis, and the relationship of parathyroid hormone with Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and other cytokines. According to inclusion criteria, 41 articles were retained at last.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Parathyroid hormone exerts an effect on parathyroid hormone type I receptor, triggering a classic G protein signaling pathway. Parathyroid hormone mainly works through protein kinase A signaling pathway, adjusting its downstream c-reactive protein. Intermittent use of parathyroid hormone can increase osteoblast proliferation, increase osteoblast runx2 and osteocalcin at mRNA and protein levels, inhibit osteoblast apoptosis by against oxidative stress, so as to promote osteogenesis.

Objective To investigate the malnutrition status among the elderly in age care institutions in Shanghai suburb and analyze its potential influential factors.Methods The MiniNutritional Assessment (MNA) was adopted to evaluate the nutritional status of the 190 elderly people in age care institutions.The dietary supply by the institution canteen and the quantity of residual food left by the malnourished elderly people were weighted.Results In the age care institutions,the malnutrition rate reached 23.7％,47.9％ of the elderly people were at the risk of malnutrition,and only 28.4％ of the elderly people were well nourished.Logistic regression analysis showed that the major influential factors for malnutrition in the elderly people were food intake ability,mobile capability,chewing and swallowing ability,ageing and mental Illness.The malnourished elderly people had the most residual meat and vegetables,and insufficiency of nutrient intake was the main cause for the malnutrition in the elderly people.Conclusions The elderly people in age care institutions in Shanghai suburb have the higher risk of malnutrition.The malnutrition occurs under influence of many factors,of which some are unavoidable,however,some factors like dietary factors can be changed to improve the nutritional status of the elderly people in age care institutions.

Objective To explore MSCT appearances of lung lacerating injury.Methods The MSCT findings of lung lacerating injury in 31 patients were analyzed retrospective.Results The lung lacerating injury of the 31 cases with 67 lesions in total was found,18 of whom were located on the back side of lung near the pleura,11 of whom had solitary lesion and 20 of whom had multiple ones. The MSCT findings included lung cavity in 9 eases,liquid airbag cavity in 1 7 and lung hematoma in 5 .The pulmonary contusion with different degrees was found in all 3 1 cases.Dynamic observation showed the cavities and hematoma could be transformed into each other.Conclusion MSCT is the best method for diagnosis and observation of lung lacerating injury and helpful for the guide of clinical treatment.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic constituent of green tea. In this study, inhibitory effect of combined use of EGCG and TRAIL on human melanoma A375 cells was examined and the possible mechanism investigated. The cells were divided into 4 groups: control group, EGCG group (EGCG: 10, 20 mug/mL), TRAIL group (TRAIL: 25 ng/mL) and EGCG+TRAIL group (combined group). The growth inhibition was measured in the A375 cells treated with different concentrations of TRAIL ((25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 ng/mL) by MTT assay. The apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The expressions of DR4 and DR5 were detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. The activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3 were determined by colorimetric assay. The results showed that TRAIL could dose-dependently inhibit the growth of A375 cells and the IC(50) of TRAIL was 150 ng/mL. The apoptosis rate was 11.8% in the TRAIL group, 5%-7% in the EGCG group and 48.9%-59.1% in the combined group. Significant difference was found in the apoptosis rate between the combined group and the EGCG or TRAIL group (P<0.05 for each). The expression of DR4 instead of DR5 was significantly increased in the EGCG group. The activity of caspase-3 rather than caspase-8 was substantially enhanced in the EGCG group. These results suggest that EGCG is useful for the TRAIL-based treatment for melanoma.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent. However, emergence of drug resistance limits its potential use. Plumbagin is a natural quinonoid compound isolated from plant. In this study, induced apoptosis effect of the combined treatment with plumbagin and TRAIL on human melanoma A375 cell line was examined and possible mechanism was investigated. The cells were divided into four groups: control group, plumbagin group (plumbagin, 5 or 10 mumol/L), TRAIL group (TRAIL, 30 ng/mL) and plumbagin+TRAIL group (combined treatment group). The apoptosis, and the expression of DR4 and DR5 were detected by flow cytometry. The activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3 were determined by colorimetric assay. The results showed that the apoptosis rate was 8.3% in TRAIL group, 10.35%-16.94% in plumbagin group and 52.39%-65.39% in combined treatment group, respectively, with the difference being significant between combined treatment group and plumbagin or TRAIL group (P<0.05 for each). Moreover, plumbagin alone could markedly up-regulate DR5 mRNA and protein expression, and slightly increase DR4 mRNA and protein expression. Treatment of human melanoma A375 cells with plumbagin resulted in the activation of Caspase-3, but not Caspase-8. These results suggest that plumbagin might be useful for TRAIL-based treatment for melanoma.

In order to investigate the expression of endothelin receptor B (ETR-B) in human malignant melanoma (MM) cells A375 and SK-mel-1 and the proliferative effects of endothelin 3 (ET3) on A375 cells, RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of ETR-B gene in human MM cells A375 and SK-mel-1. MTT method was used to evaluate the growth enhancing effects of ET3 on A375 cell line in vitro. The results showed that ETR-B gene was expressed in both MM A375 and SK-mel-1 cells. ET3 had stronger ability to enhance the proliferation of A375 cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. It was suggested that ET3/ETR-B might play an important proliferative role in MM.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/*drug effects ; Endothelin-3/*pharmacology ; Melanoma/*metabolism ; Melanoma/*pathology ; Receptor, Endothelin B/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL).Methods:The data of 33 newly diagnosed LPL patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from July 2003 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics, bone marrow cell morphology, immunophenotyping, chromosomal karyotype, gene mutation, treatment response and prognosis were analyzed, and Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival of patients.Results:The median age of onset of 33 patients was 66 years old (55-84 years old). There were 26 males (78.8%) and 7 females (21.2%). The common clinical manifestations were anemia (31 cases, 93.9%), enlarged lymph nodes (16 cases, 48.5%) and B symptoms (8 cases, 24.2%). All patients had bone marrow involvement and M protein, 23 of them (69.7%) were type IgM-κ, 8 cases (24.2%) were type IgM-λ, 1 case (3.0%) was type IgG-κ, and 1 case (3.0%) was type IgA-κ. Lymphocytes, lymphoplasmacytes or plasma cells was increased in bone marrow smear; 22 patients underwent immunophenotyping of bone marrow by flow cytometry, and all patients expressed B cell surface antigens (CD19 and CD20), 16 patients (72.7%) lost the expression of CD5 and CD10, 13 patients (59.1%) expressed or weakly expressed CD138 and 5 patients (22.7%) expressed CD38. Seven out of 23 cases (30.4%) who received chromosome examination had abnormal chromosomal karyotype. Fourteen out of 16 cases (87.5%) who received MYD88 L265P mutation detection harbored the mutation. Among 21 patients with evaluable efficacy, 18 patients (85.7%) responded to treatment, achieving partial remission or stable disease, but the rate of complete remission was low (14.3%, 3/21). The median follow-up time was 34 months (2-102 months), 1 case was lost. The median overall survival time was not reached, and the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 79.2% and 67.9%, respectively.Conclusions:LPL is a rare indolent small B-cell lymphoma with a long course and a variety of manifestations, which is commonly seen in elderly men.Serological examination, bone marrow cell morphology and biopsy, immunophenotyping and MYD88 L265P mutation detection are important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic constituent of green tea. In this study,inhibitory effect of combined use of EGCG and TRAIL on human melanoma A375 cells was examined and the possible mechanism investigated. The cells were divided into 4 groups:control group,EGCG group (EGCG:10,20 μg/mL),TRAIL group (TRAIL:25 ng/mL) and EGCG+TRAIL group (combined group). The growth inhibition was measured in the A375 cells treated with different concentrations of TRAIL ((25,50,75,100,125,150 ng/mL) by MTT assay. The apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The expressions of DR4 and DR5 were detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. The activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3 were determined by colorimetric assay.The results showed that TRAIL could dose-dependently inhibit the growth of A375 cells and the IC50 of TRAIL was 150 ng/mL. The apoptosis rate was 11.8% in the TRAIL group,5%-7% in the EGCG group and 48.9%-59.1% in the combined group. Significant difference was found in the apoptosis rate between the combined group and the EGCG or TRAIL group (P＜0.05 for each). The expression of DR4 instead of DR5 was significantly increased in the EGCG group. The activity of caspase-3 rather than caspase-8 was substantially enhanced in the EGCG group. These results suggest that EGCG is useful for the TRAIL-based treatment for melanoma.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent.However,emergence of drug resistance limits its potential use.Plumbagin is a natural quinonoid compound isolated from plant.In this study,induced apoptosis effect of the combined treatment with plumbagin and TRAIL on human melanoma A375 cell line was examined and possible mechanism was investigated.The cells were divided into four groups:control group,plumbagin group (plumbagin,5 or 10 μmol/L),TRAIL group (TRAIL,30 ng/mL) and plumbagin+TRAIL group (combined treatment group).The apoptosis,and the expression of DR4 and DR5 were detected by flow cytometry.The activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3 were determined by colorimetric assay.The results showed that the apoptosis rate was 8.3% in TRAIL group,10.35%-16.94% in plumbagin group and 52.39%-55.39% in combined treatment group,respectively,with the difference being significant between combined treatment group and plumbagin or TRAIL group (P＜0.05 for each).Moreover,plumbagin alone could markedly up-regulate DR5 mRNA and protein expression,and slightly increase DR4 mRNA and protein expression.Treatment of human melanoma A375 cells with plumbagin resulted in the activation of Caspase-3,but not Caspase-8.These results suggest that plumbagin might be useful for TRAIL-based treatment for melanoma.

This study was aimed to observe the effect of Bai-Zhu Huang-Qi (BZHQ) decoction ethyl acetate extract on NOD like receptor family,pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages.The U937 cells were pretreated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA,10 ng· mL-1) for 48 hours to induce macrophages.Effects on cell viability by different doses of BZHQ decoction ethyl acetate extract (0,3.125,6.25,12.5,25,50,100 μg· mL-1) were observed to select the appropriate concentration.Contents of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in cells were detected by real-time PCR and western blot.The concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in cell supernatant was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that when the drug concentration was lower than 25 μg· mL-1,there was no impact on cell viability;when the drug concentration was higher than 50 μg· mL-1,there was inhibition on cell viability (P ＜ 0.05).The concentration of 25 μg· mL-1 was used to conduct the following experiment.Compared to the blank group,the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-l in cells of the LPS group were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).The concentration of IL-1β in cell supernatant was also significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).After treated with BZHQ decoction ethyl acetate extract,levels of NLRP3,caspase-1 and IL-1β were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).It was concluded that BZHQ decoction ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the production of NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS-stimulated macrophages.