BACKGROUND: Cell apoptosis and expression of related apoptotic gene are found in rats with acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of ganglioside on cell apoptosis in rats with acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Randomized control animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Animal Laboratory of China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University at April 2002.Forty-eight healthy male Wistar rats aged 3-4 months with the body mass of (220±50) g were selected and randomly divided into ischemia-reperfusion group and ischemia-reperfusion + administration group (intraperitoneal injection of ganglioside GM-1 at 30 minutes before ischemia) with 24 rats in each group, and each group was subdivided into three groups according to the reperfusion time: 3-hour, 6-hour and 24-hour with 8 rats in each time-point.METHODS: ①Rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were established. ②Diphenylamine method was adopted to detect changes of DNA splitting rate in brain tissues at 3 hours,6 hours and 24 hours after cerebral ischemia.100 mg of cerebral cortex was made into 10% homogenate by adding into 0.9 mL of splitting fluid,which was then put in the centrifuge tube for repeated freezing and melting. The supernatant and deposit were collected.DNA splitting rate = supernatant absorption/(supernatant absorption + deposit absorption). ③Immunohistochemical method was used to study the expression of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) as well as changes of ganglioside after administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of DNA splitting rate in cerebral cortex of rats as well as intensity of PKCδ expression.RESULTS: One rat in the normal saline control group died for exceeding anesthetization at the 6th hour of reperfusion, and 2 rats died at the 24th hour of reperfusion, which were supplemented respectively. With the time of reperfusion increasing, changes of DNA splitting rate significantly increased, which peaked at the 24th hour. The expression of PKCδ peaked at the 6th hour of reperfusion and gradually decreased. The DNA splitting rate and PKCδ expression were remarkably decreased at corresponding time-points in the ganglioside group.CONCLUSION: Ganglioside can inhibit cell apoptosis and reduce PKCδ expression after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion to protect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND:Vertebral column resection is the frequently mentioned spinal orthopaedic concept. Due to the high requirement of the operation skil , difficulty and more complications, the previous studies have reported from different aspects, and many researchers have focused on the analysis of complications, that may be related with the procedure and manner. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the efficacy and complications of posterior vertebral column resection combined with titanium screw rod fixation for the treatment of severe spinal deformity. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 48 patients with severe spinal deformity who treated with posterior vertebral column resection and titanium screw rod fixation, with an average removal of 1.6 vertebral. The patients were fol owed-up for 15-64 months. The Cobb angle (coronal plane and sagittal plane) of the patients before treatment, after treatment and in the final fol ow-up was analyzed, and the relative complications of the surgery were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The patients with spinal deformity were divided into five categories, included kyphoscoliosis (n=11), severe scoliosis (n=20), congenital spinal deformity (n=4), spherical kyphosis (n=3), and angular kyphosis (n=10). The average coronal plane deformity angle of the patients was corrected from 84° preoperation to 35° postoperation, with the total correction rate of 54%. The average sagittal plane deformity angle was corrected from 90° preoperation to 42° postoperation, and the sagittal plane Cobb angle was decreased for 48°. The mean operation time was 545 minutes (204-1 355 minutes), the intraoperative blood loss was 1 610 mL (50-8 244 mL), and the average blood loss was 65%. After treatment, 31 cases had complications, including 13 cases of intraoperative neurological dysfunction (observed through electrophysiological monitoring and wake), permanent neurological dysfunction did not occur after timely treatment. The posterior vertebral column resection and titanium screw rod fixation can obtain better effect in the treatment of severe spinal deformity, but the procedure has high complications and is difficult for operation.

Malaria is the one of major diseases which threatens people’s life in Africa. Out of humanitarianism, Chinese scientists has contributed to research of Artemisinin and ACTS more than 30 years, China provides long-term antimalaria assistance to Africa and gain great achievements. In Moheli, the island of Comoros, the antimalaria group used a new strategy which universal medication and proactive intervention. They established not only an effective antimalaria system and reporting system but also a local antimalaria team. Furthermore, they enhanced publicity and put mass protection and treatment into effect. Finally, they achieved significant result. In order to apply those successful experience to other countries in Africa, this paper summed up those experience and inspirations.

Malaria is the one of major diseases which threatens people’s life in Africa. Out of humanitarianism, Chinese scientists has contributed to research of Artemisinin and ACTS more than 30 years, China provides long-term antimalaria assistance to Africa and gain great achievements. In Moheli, the island of Comoros, the antimalaria group used a new strategy which universal medication and proactive intervention. They established not only an effective antimalaria system and reporting system but also a local antimalaria team. Furthermore, they enhanced publicity and put mass protection and treatment into effect. Finally, they achieved significant result. In order to apply those successful experience to other countries in Africa, this paper summed up those experience and inspirations.

Objective The aim was to screen the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and explore the function of microRNA-301 a (miR-301 a). Methods Collected the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of 45 patients, who were diagnosed primary GIST. The expression profiles of tumor miRNAs in 5 of the 45 patients were obtained by microarray technology, and the abnormal expression levels of miRNAs in the remaining 40 patients were detected by Real Time-PCR as a validation experiment. Correlation analysis was analyzed between the significantly up-regulated expression of miR-301 a and the clinicopathological features of the patients. The MTT experiment was used to explore the effect of miR-301 a on the growth of GIST cell lines. Results Five kinds of miRNAs with high expression and five kinds of miRNAs with low expression were screened out from GIST, of which the expression of miR-301 a was up-regulated most obviously. The expression of miR-301 a was closely related to tumor risk grade, tumor size, mitosis and necrosis (P < 0.05). The overexpression of miR-301 a in GIST cell lines could significantly enhance the proliferation of cells. Conclusions MiR-301 a was up-regulated in GIST, which was closely related to malignant clinicopathological features and could affect the growth and proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. MiR-301 a might be a potential target for future treatment of GIST.

Objective To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of related substances in diazepam rectal gel. Methods The Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (4.6 mm×150.0 mm, 3.5 μm) column was used with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH value to 6.0 with 0.5 mmol/L sodium hydroxide solution) and methanol. Gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, with a column temperature of 30 ℃ and a detection wave length of 234 nm. Results The chromatographic peaks of diazepam and known impurities Ⅰ to Ⅶ showed good resolution. Diazepam and known impurities Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ exhibited good linearity in the concentrations ranging of 0.01 to 10.05 μg/mL, 0.01 to 9.92 μg/mL, 0.01 to 10.24 μg/mL, and 0.01 to 10.18 μg/mL, respectively (r²≥0.999), with average recoveries ranging from 99% to 101%. The excipients in the formulation did not interfere with the determination of the principal component and related substances. Conclusion This high-performance liquid chromatography method is highly specific and reproducible, making it suitable for the detection of related substances in diazepam rectal gel.

Objective:To translate the Attention to Positive and Negative Inventory(APNI)and analyze the validity and reliability in Chinese undergraduates sample,to offer a convenient and reliable tool of measuring the cognitive bias for national researchers. Methods:The English-version APNI went through translation into Chinese, retroversion into English,translation into Chinese again,and revision several stages. Two parts of samples (1450 Chinese college students)were surveyed. Sample one (n=1000)was used for item analysis,exploratory factor a-nalysis (EFA),concurrent validity and reliability analysis,while sample 2 (n=450)was used for confirmatory fac-tor analysis (CFA). Totally 68 subjects of sample 1 were randomly chosen and resurveyed with an interval of one week. Beck depression inventory (BDI-II)and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9)was used for concurrent validi-ty. Results:Item analysis indicated that the 22 items of Chinese APNI had good discriminability. EFA focused onattention to positive information(API)and attention to negative information(ANI)two factors. CFA showed good model fit (χ2 =1376,RMESA=0. 09,CFI=0. 94). Concurrent validity result showed that the total scores of BDI-II and PHQ-9 was negatively correlated with total scores of API (r=-0. 24,-0. 29,Ps<0. 01 ),and posi-tively correlated with total scores of ANI (r=0. 36,0. 31,Ps<0. 01). The Cronbach'αcoefficients of API and ANI sub-scale were 0. 86 and 0. 82,while the retest reliability coefficients were 0. 79 and 0. 62. Conclusion:It suggests that the Chinese APNI has good validity and reliability in a sample of college students,which could be used to eval-uate the cognitive bias of Chinese college students.

Objective:To investigate the influence of abnormal blood pressure circadian rhythms and the morning surge on aortic stiffness in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension(ISH).Methods:A total of 300 untreated elderly(≥60 years)patients with ISH were enrolled.24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was measured by using a non-invasive portable ambulatory sphygmomanometer with an inflatable cuff.Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)and the ankle-brachial pressure index(ABI)were measured by using an automated device.Patients were divided into the dipper(n=95), no-dipper(n=177)and extreme dipper(n=28)groups according to the rate of nocturnal blood pressure reduction.They were also divided into the morning surge(n=88)and no morning surge(n=212)groups according to the morning blood pressure surge(MBPS). Differences between the groups were compared.Correlations between the parameters were calculated by partial correlation analyses.The effects on baPWV and ABI were calculated by multiple linear regression analyses.Results:baPWV was higher in the extreme dipper group than in the dipper and no dipper groups[(1 402±234)cm/s vs.(1 467±114)cm/s vs.(1 538±140)cm/s, P<0.01], while ABI values were lower in the extreme dipper group than in the dipper group(0.98±0.10 vs.1.05±0.12, P<0.01)and the no dipper group(0.98±0.10 vs.1.03±0.12, P<0.05). Moreover, baPWV[(1 508±170)cm/s vs.(1 430±163)cm/s, P<0.01]was higher while ABI values(0.98±0.13 vs.1.06±0.11, P<0.01)were lower in the morning surge group than in the no morning surge group.baPWV was positively correlated with daytime Systolic blood pressure(dSBP)( r=0.169, P<0.01), 24 hSBPCV( r=0.143, P<0.05), and MBPS( r=0.157, P<0.01), while ABI was negatively correlated with dSBP( r=-0.146, P=0.011)and MBPS( r=-0.321, P<0.01). Age( P<0.01), dSBP( P<0.05)and 24 h systolic blood pressure variation coefficient( P<0.05)were independent factors for baPWV, while dSBP and MBPS were independent factors for ABI(all P<0.01). Conclusions:Abnormal blood pressure circadian rhythms and the morning surge are associated with increased aortic stiffness in elderly patients with ISH.

Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic disease in children.Its pathogenesis is complex and it is difficult to achieve radi-cal cure or effective and stable long-term treatment goals.Chinese medicine has obvious advantages in preventing and treating allergic rhinitis in children due to its wide range of targets,long-lasting effects and few adverse reactions.This paper proposes that the onset of allergic rhinitis is mostly caused by the dysfunction of the lung,spleen and kidney,the external wind triggering the latent wind,and the combination of the two winds.A staged prevention and treatment strategy of Chinese medicine should be adopted,which includes dispersing external wind,suppressing latent wind,and promoting lung-qi and clearing nasal orifice during the attack period to treat its symptoms,and preventing external wind,calming down latent wind,and regulating and tonifying the lung,spleen,and kidney during the remission period to treat its root cause;meanwhile,attention should be paid to avoiding the adverse effects of congenital endowment factors and the induction of acquired environmental factors,strengthening the body's health to protect against the evil wind,preventing the transformation of existing diseases and the recurrence of allergic rhinitis in children at all stages.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and outcomes of percutaneous ablation guided by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) in colorectal liver oligometastases (CLOM). Methods: This study included patients with CLOM treated with percutaneous ablation from January 2008 to January 2021 in this observational study. Only lesions visualized on both CT and US images were further analyzed according to whether patients’ initial ablation treatments utilized US guidance or CT guidance. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate local tumor progression (LTP)–free survival after propensity score matching (PSM). The LTP-free survival and treatment-related outcomes were compared between these two groups. Results: PSM identified 116 patients from each group, with 269 and 238 lesions in the USguided and CT-guided groups, respectively. US-guided ablation had a shorter average procedure time and lower cost than CT-guided ablation (27.54±12.06 minutes vs. 32.70±13.88 minutes, P=0.003; $2,175.13±618.17 vs. $2,455.49±710.25, P=0.002). For patients >60 years of age, the cumulative LTP rate at 1 year was lower in the US-guided group than in the CT-guided group (17.8% vs. 25.1%, P=0.038). For patients with perivascular liver lesions, the cumulative LTP rate at 1 year was lower in the US-guided group (14.4% vs. 28.2%, P=0.040). Conclusion For patients whose age is >60 years or who have perivascular liver lesions, USguided ablation is better than CT-guided ablation, with a shorter treatment time and lower costs when both ablation methods are feasible for patients.