In recent year , there are some questions about abortion of disposal .Though the aborted fetus is un-born, the aborted fetus in different stage has the different attribute of ethics .It should be considered with the hu-man right and the personality right .The value in embryonic stem research and organ transplantation of aborted fetus has raised some problems , such as ethical review , the choice of test sample .The existing legal provisions are not sufficient to solve practical problems .We should disposal aborted fetus of different stage through the way of more moral significance .

Analysis on currently used stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China was performed and comparison in stomatology text or reference books between china and American was made.It was found that the types and numbers of stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China were very limited compared with those in American.Many textbooks needed for dental education were insufficient.Great efforts should be made to select relevant topics or titles and to prepare text or reference books accordingly in an aim to meet the needs of today's high quality dental education.

The traditional discipline-centered curriculum design can neither keep up with developments of modern medical science nor reach requirements of the education reform in the new century.Since 2011,College of Stomatology in School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University had developed ‘ disease oriented integrated curriculum system reform’ for students of long-term stomatology education.In view of the problems existing in the original curriculum system,the integrated curriculum system was set up by coalescing clinical medicine curriculum according to the related systems and oral medicine curriculum according to the developmental rules of diseases.Lectures were combined with discussion classes in the reform and performance appraisal system was changed from simplex judgments into comprehensive evaluations.At last,further considerations of promoting the reform based on the practice were proposed.

Objective Kunming strain(KM) mice were used as animal models. Nontoxic dextran conjugated with tetramethylrhodamine(TMR)and fluorecein isothiocyante(FITC)was microinjected to two of the 2-cell blastomere as molecular probe to trace the development fate of the blastomere ,in order to figure out the mechanisms of the formation of Em-Ab axis. Methods FITC- dextran was injected to zygote in order to make sure if it is noxious. Two blastomeres of 2-cell embryo were injected FITC- dextran and TMR- dextran respectively. Results When labeled embryo develeped to blastocyst, distribution of progeny of 2-cell embryo blastomeres can be detected.Conclusion The cells of blastomere randomly distributed either embryonic parts or extraembryonic parts of blastocyst.

The interferons(IFNs) are a family of the multifunctional cytokines, which are a kind of highly active and multifunctional glycoproteins.Studies in recent years have shown that IFNs exert a powerful antitumor effect by regulating the proliferation of tumor cells, suppressing tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, and activating antitumor immune response.Combined with other tumor treatment methods, it can inhibit the development of a variety of blood system tumors and solid tumors.In addition, the use of IFNs inducers or IFNs combined with emerging immunotherapy can significantly increase the effectiveness of tumor therapy.This review focuses on our understanding of antitumor mechanism and clinical application of IFNs, and provides some guidance for future research and clinical treatment.

AIM To prepare the chrysin-phospholipid complex and to investigate its pharmacokinetic behaviors.METHODS Solvent evaporation method was used for preparing the complex.With preparation temperature,preparation time,chrysin concentration and drug-lipid ratio (chrysin-phospholipid) as influencing factors,together with recombination rate as an evaluation index,the preparation was optimized by orthogonal test.The obtained complex was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,differential scanning calorimetry,1H-NMR and 31P-NMR,whose solubility was examined as well.SD rats were intragastrically administered with chrysin and its phospholipid complex,respectively.The blood concentration of chrysin was detected by HPLC,after which the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 40 ℃ for preparation temperature,2 h for preparation time,20 mg/mL for chrysin concentration,and 1 ∶ 2 for drug-lipid ratio,the recombination rate was close to 100％.Chrysin existed in an amorphous state in the phospholipid complex,which was a new phase rather than physical mixture (chrysin-phosphatidylcholine),and no new chemical bond was generated.Phospholipid complex could significantly increase chrysin's apparent solubility in water and n-octanol,the Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were also obviously increased as compared with raw medicine.CONCLUSION Phospholipid complex can improve both the solubility of chrysin and its oral bioavailability.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Danzhong on mammary estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions in rats with dimethylbenzanthracine (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer. Methods One hundred and twenty female SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomized into a model group of 60 rats and a blank group of 30 rats. The model group received an oral gavage of DMBA for model making. The blank group received an oral gavage of equal volume of sesame oil. At 15 weeks after model making, the model group of rats was randomized into treatment and control groups. The treatment group received acupuncture at Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Danzhong, and the control and blank groups, only the same grasp and release. After the completion of acupuncture treatment (twenty-seventh week), abdominal venous blood was taken and serum tumor markers were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Tumor masses were counted and their shapes were recorded. The mass was taken and its height, maximum diameter and vertical diameter were measured using a 1 mm precision vernier caliper. Pathological changes in tumor tissues, and ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities were observed under an Olympus optical microscope.Results There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the average number and volume of mammary tumors between the treatment group and the control or blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the concentrations of various tumor markers (CA724, CA125, CA199, AEP, CA15-3, CEA and CA50) between the treatment or control group and the blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in CA15-3 concentration between the treatment and control groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities between the treatment group and the control or blank group (P<0.01) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01).Conclusions Acupuncture can reduce the occurrence of rat DMBA-induced mammary tumor (including the number and volumes of the tumors). The mechanism of its action may be related to decreasing the concentrations of tumor markers CA724, CA125, CA199, CA15-3, AEP, CEA and CA50 and especially to decreasing CA15-3 concentration, and ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities.

Continuing medical education refers to the completion of basic medical education for inservice education,which is to guarantee the sustainable development of physicians in clinical and scientific research ability,and is the essential means to safeguard and improve the level of medical treatment.Traditional continuing medical education is given priority to the form of regularly organize workshops,so it has some limitations to oral and maxillofacial surgery.MOOC teaching is a kind of large-scale open new online teaching mode.This study provides an overview of the MOOC development,characteristics and development situation in the medical teaching.The necessity and feasibility of MOOC based teaching protocol in oral and maxillofacial surgery continuing medical education has been discussed.And curriculum transformation,construction of education model and possible challenges have also been analyzed and discussed in this paper.

Objective To investigate the clinical value and prenatal diagnosis feasibility of fetal aberrant right subclavian artery(ARSA) with fetal echocardiography.Methods The data of 39 fetuses with ARSA were retrospectively reviewed.The prenatal and postnatal medical records,including the presence of fetal abnormalities,cardiac defect,karyotype and the outcomes of each pregnancy were collected.Results The echocardiographic feature of ARSA was that an ARSA arises as a fourth branch of the arch,from the descending aorta behind the trachea,crosses the thorax between the trachea and the spine,to reach the right arm.The overall incidence of ARSA was 2.3 ％ (39/17 280),23 cases (59.0 ％) as an isolated malformation,16 cases (41.0％) combined with cardiac defect and extracardiac abnormalities,9 cases (23.1％) with chromosomal abnormalities.23 cases underwent termination of pregnancy,2 cases died in uterus and 14 cases were born live.Isolated ARSA group had lower incidence of chromosomal abnormalities (8.7％ vs 43.8 ％,P ＜ 0.05) and higher fetal survival rate (56.5％ vs 6.2％,P ＜0.05) than the combined detects group.Conclusions The fetus with ARSA complicated with aneuploid karyotype,cardiac defects and extracardiac anomalies are at hight risk of poor prognosis.

Objective:To study the formula of triptolide (TRI) self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and evaluate the pharmaceutical properties.Methods:The formula and preparation process of triptolide self-microemulsion were screened by the solubility test and pseudo-ternary phase diagram.With the average particle size and self-microemulsifying time as the indices,the further formula optimization of triptolide self-microemulsion was carried out.The pharmaceutical properties of triptolide self-microemulsion were evaluated.Results:The optimal formula of TRI SMEDDS was as follows:the amount of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) was 20%,that of polyoxyethylene castor oil (EL-35) was 40%,and that of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) was 40% in the oil phase.The average particle size was 43.48 nm,and the time of self-microemulsification was less than 30 s.Conclusion:The average particle size and the appearance of triptolide self-microemulsion are accordance with the requirements of pharmaceutics.Triptolide self-microemulsion has good sustained-release effect,which lays foundation for the further study on pharmacodynamics.