Objective:To evaluate the effect to treatment adherence of defaulter action implement for patients with Tuberculosis in Chongqing and explore a proper cure management system to timely find out the TB patients who stop picking medicine on time;Methods:Carrying out intervention method to TB patients with positive sputum in intervention counties,then using qualitative study to analysis the effect of implementing the intervention;Results:After the intervention,the adherence of TB patients is obviously improved;Conclusion:Proposed method is a effective and feasible management to the TB patients who stop picking medicine during anti-TB treatment,which bring positive effect on TB patients' adherence and TB cure rate.

Lu Zhaolin professor thinks,at present,according to the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine classification method is not conducive to a comprehensive understanding and grasp of the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical application.Understanding of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine,we should start from the overall regulation of drugs on the human body,and make full use of the theory closely related to traditional Chinese medicine properties such as the four properties and five tastes,ascending-descending-floating-sinking,medicinal guide,etc.Meanwhile the modern pharmacological research achievements should be taken to accurately grasp the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.

The author took the medical records of ZHANG Jing-yue,a famous doctor of Ming dynasty,as an example,by analyzing his methods of syndrome differentiation and prescription,and believed that the significance of syndrome difierentiation based on Yin-yang of five viscera in clinical treatment.The key point of TCM treatment is to restore the state of Yin and Yang in a relative equilibrium by enhancing and regulating the functions offive viscera,and so thus to increase the functions of body self-regulating and disease-preventing.

Gap junction,a special structure in cell membrane,constitutes the only direct communication channel of energy,material and information exchange between adjacent cells.Gap junction plays an important role in the maintenance of electrical activity of neurons,the rapid synchronization of neurons and neuronal development.Epilepsy,caused by a variety of causes,is a complex clinical syndrome.The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex.And it's still not fully understood.Studies in recent years have found that gap junction plays a very important role in the pathogenesis and development of epilepsy.The structure,distribution and functions of gap junction and the relationship between gap junction and epilepsy are reviewed in the paper.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia.It has been associated with various extrapulmonary manifestations.Pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis is the most common neurologic manifestations.Direct invasion,an immune-mediated mechanism,or neurotoxin production has been proposed.Because mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis has a high mortality and a high rate of neurological sequelae,improving the clinicians awareness of the disease,minimizing misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis,have important significance.

Improving the innovation ability of students is always concerned by the educators in the modern times.In the paper,the problem of how to train the innovation ability of students in the experiments of Instrument Analysis is discussed from the following five aspects:course innovation,expending the thinking,strengthening the experiment skills,creating the innovation environment and exchanging the experiences.

In term of innovating in teaching,the text proposes some rectification and improvement measures according to the weak point existing in the chemical experiment in the past.We have improved the teaching quality of the chemical experiment through improving teacher's innovative quality,adjusting the experiment content rationally,changing the teaching mode of the experiment and examining method,and optimizing the experiment means,etc.

Objective To observe the regulation of ?-7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(?-7-nAChRs) by nicotine in the ventral tegmental area(VTA),the substantia nigra(SN) and the cortex of the rat. Methods Nicotine exposed animal models were established.The changes of ?-7-nAChRs proteins and mRNA were observed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in VTA,SN and cortex,and the expression of ?-7-nAChRs proteins by Western blotting in PC12 cells. Results The expression of ?-7-nAChRs proteins in cortex and mRNA in VTA and SN were upregulated by nicotine.The expressions of ?-7-nAChRs in PC12 cells were in proportion to and dependent on the time for nicotine to function and the dose.Conclusion Both ?-7-nAChRs mRNA in VTA and SN in transcriptional mechanism and ?-7-nAChRs protein in the cortex at the translation level were upregulated.

A major challenge in bone tissue engineering is to amplify cell numbers with maintaining the desired phenotype. As a crucial element in bone tissue engineering,the field of scaffold is in the forefront of developments. Due to superiority in both cell expansion and conveyance,the approach of microspherical scaffold has latterly been adopted as the substrate of cell propagation,carrier of expanded cells,as well as scaffold of regenerated bone tissue. Combined with injectable matrices after cell encapsulation or attachment,the microsphere-based system provides an attractive method for highly efficient cell amplification and minimally invasive cell delivery for bone tissue engineering.

Systemic insulin resistance has been well known. Recently, an important question has been raised regarding whether islet cells are resistant to insulin (insulin resistance of ?, ? and ? cells) due to the discovery of insulin receptor and its downstream insulin signaling pathways in islet cells. As a new study field of insulin resistance, the elucidation to this issue is crucial for the new insight into the mechanisms of insulin resistance per se and type 2 diabetes.