Objective:To study the effect of nursing English teaching combining with humanistic care educa-tion. Methods:Six classes of nursing students of 2011 grade were chosen randomly by sampling as control and ex-perimental group. The control group used the traditional teaching method without humanistic care education. The experimental group combined humanistic care education with nursing English teaching. Nursing students' humanistic caring ability scale and self-designed questionnaire were used to compare the teaching effects of the two groups. Results:The humanistic caring ability of experimental group was higher than that of the control group ( P<0 . 05 ) . The experimental group gives high evaluation on the effect of nursing English combining with humanistic care edu-cation. Conclusion:Nursing English combining with humanistic care education helps to improve nursing students' humanistic concern consciousness and enhance their humanistic caring ability.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index(PNI) and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII) for local tumor stage in bladder cancer after radical cystectomy(RC).Methods:This study is a retrospective study, collecting information on 195 patients with bladder cancer who underwent RC at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from April 2011 to October 2019. Extract the patient’s preoperative laboratory examination and calculate the PNI and SII. The calculation formula was PNI=albumin (g/L)+ 5×total lymphocyte count (10 9/L); SII=platelets×neutrophils/lymphocytes . Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze whether PNI and SII can be used as predictors of muscular invasive bladder cancer(MIBC) and non-muscular invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC). Continuous variables were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), and t-test was used for comparison between groups; Chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables between groups. Generate receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calculate area under the curve (AUC) to judge the predictive ability of PNI and SII scoring indicators. The larger of AUC, the stronger the predictive ability. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to calculate the corresponding odds ratio ( OR) and 95% CI. Results:All patients were males, with a mean age of (67.94±8.97) years. Mean serum albumin was (42.13±4.28) g/L, mean PNI was 51.29±6.09 and mean SII was 661.67±506.22. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that both PNI and SII had statistical significance for the incidence of MIBC; multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PNI and SII could not be used as the diagnosis of MIBC and NMIBC. PNI was an independent risk factor for predicting tumor stage (pT<3a and pT≥3a).Conclusion:The low preoperative PNI can be used as an independent factor for predicting poor pathological stage (pT≥3a).

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on ultraviolet-induced acute skin photodamage in SKH-1 hairless mice,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Totally,50 SKH-1 hairless mice were equally divided into 5 groups to be fed with forages with the ratios of n-3 PUFA to fatty acid being 0,12.5％,25％,50％ and 100％ respectively (control group,12.5％,25％,50％ and 100％ n-3 PUFA groups).On day 8 after feeding,the back of mice in the 5 groups were irradiated by a solar ultraviolet simulator at 2 minimum erythema doses (MED) to establish an acute photodamage model.After 24 hours,cutaneous reactions on the back of mice were observed by naked eyes and dermoscopy,and skin biopsy specimens were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining for observing the epidermal structure,intercellular edema,inflammatory cell infiltration and photodamaged cells.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the protein expression of the above 3 inflammatory cytokines in the tissue homogenate.Results Compared with the control group and 12.5％ n-3 PUFA group,the 25％,50％ and 100％ n-3 PUFA groups all showed a milder degree of acute skin photodamage,epidermis thickening,intercellular edema,and inflammatory cell infiltration.The number of photodamaged cells per high-power field (× 100) was significantly higher in the control group and 12.5％ n-3 PUFA group (17.50 ± 4.93,14.25 ± 1.71,respectively) than in the 25％,50％ and 100％ n-3 PUFA groups (6.50 ± 1.73,4.75 ± 2.06,4.50 ± 1.73,respectively;F =19.1,P ＜ 0.001).Immunohistochemical results showed that IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were expressed to different extents in the epidermis and dermis among the 5 groups at 24 hours after ultraviolet radiation.Compared with the control group and 12.5％ n-3 PUFA group,the 25％,50％ and 100％ n-3 PUFA groups showed significantly lower expression of the above 3 inflammatory cytokines (P ＜ 0.001).ELISA revealed that the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the skin tissues of the mice were significantly lower in the 25％,50％ and 100％ n-3 PUFA groups than in the control group and 12.5％ n-3 PUFA group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions When the ratio of n-3 PUFA to fatty acid reaches more than 25％,dietary n-3 PUFA has protective effects against ultraviolet-induced acute photodamage,.Moreover,the higher the content of n-3 PUFA is,the stronger the protective effect is.It is suggested that n-3 PUFA may inhibit the inflammatory reaction through the arachidonic acid pathway.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and human β-defensin-2(HBD2) in children with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and gastritis.Methods:Eighty-one children who were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology at Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 and underwent endoscopic examination were collected.They were divided into Hp infection group and non-Hp infection group according to whether they were infected with Hp.The expression levels of VDR and HBD2 between two groups, and the correlation between VDR, HBD2 expression levels and gastritis were compared and analyzed.Results:Among 81 cases, 48 cases were Hp positive, including 24 males and 24 females, with an average age of (11.4±2.7) years; 33 cases were Hp negative, including 14 males and 19 females, with an average age of (11.3±2.6) years.There were no significant differences in sex and age between two groups ( P>0.05). The positive rates of VDR and HBD2 expression in gastric mucosa of children with Hp infection were higher than those of children without Hp infection, and the differences were statistically significant (87.5% vs.39.4%, 79.2% vs.63.6%, all P<0.05). The expressions of VDR and HBD2 had no correlation with age and sex ( P>0.05). The expressions of VDR and HBD2 were positively correlated with granular degeneration of gastric mucosa ( r=0.384, P<0.001; r=0.258, P=0.020). The expression of VDR was positively correlated with the degree of gastric inflammation ( r=0.365, P=0.001), while the expression of HBD2 was not correlated with the degree of gastric inflammation ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The expression levels of VDR and HBD2 in gastric mucosa of children infected with Hp are increased.The expression level of VDR is correlated with the degree of gastritis and the granular degeneration of gastric mucosa.The expression level of HBD2 is correlated with the granular degeneration of gastric mucosa.But there is no correlation between the level of HBD2 expression and the degree of gastritis.

OBJECTIVETo develope a tree analysis pattern of mass spectral urine profiles to discriminate bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) from non-cancer lesions using surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technology.

METHODSUrine samples from 61 bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCCs) patients, 53 healthy volunteers and 42 patients with other urogenital diseases were analyzed using IMAC-Cu-3 ProteinChip. Proteomic spectra were generated by SELDI-TOF- MS. A preliminary "training" set of spectra derived from analysis of urine from 46 TCC patients, 32 patients with benign urogenital diseases (BUD), and 40 age-matched unaffected healthy men were used to train and develop a decision tree classification algorithm which identified a fine-protein mass pattern that discriminated cancers from non-cancers effectively. A blinded test set including 38 cases was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the classification system.

RESULTSThe algorithm identified a cluster pattern that, in the training set, segregated cancer from non-cancer with a sensitivity of 84.8% and specificity of 91.7%. The discriminatory pattern was correctly identified. A sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 87% for the blinded test were obtained when compared the TCC versus non-cancers.

CONCLUSIONSELDI-TOF-MS technology is a rapid, convenient and high-throughput analyzing method. The urine tree analysis proteomic pattern as a screening tool is effective for differential diagnosis of bladder cancer. More detailed studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical value of this pattern.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; diagnosis ; urine ; Cystitis ; diagnosis ; urine ; Decision Trees ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnosis ; urine ; Protein Array Analysis ; Proteomics ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; urine

Purpose To study the clinical and pathological features of angiomatoid fibrous histocytoma(AFH)and to ex-plore its diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis.Meth-ods The clinicopathological and follow-up data were analyzed in 14 cases of AFH,and the literatures were reviewed.Results There were 11 males and 3 females.The age ranged from 11 months to 12 years and 11 months,with average 5.9 years.3 cases were located in limbs,and 5 cases in trunk,5 cases in head and neck region,and 1 of intracranial tumor.Histological-ly,14 cases were composed of fibrous capsules and lymphocyte sheaths,and cell nucleus were vacuolar,forming fascicles with focal whirling and synteny.Intralesional pseudoangiomatous spaces were noted in 9 cases.Calcification was found in 2 ca-ses.2 cases showed high mitotic acticity(11/10 HPF).Scle-rosing and/or myxoid stroma was seen in 3 cases.Tumors were immunopositive for desmin(10/14),EMA(12/14),CD99(12/14),SMA(9/12),ALK(7/8),and the average of Ki67 index was 16％.7 cases harbored EWSR1 rearrangenent(part-ner gene not identified),2 cases had EWSR1-ATF1 fusion and 2 EWSR1-CREB1 fusion.Clinical follow-up information was a-vailable for 14 cases(average 46 months).All the 14 cases were alive without recurrence and metastasis.Conclusion AFH is a borderline or low-grade malignant tumor,often demon-strates indolent behavior in children,but rarely recurs and me-tastasizes.The diagnosis and differential diagnosis require a comprehensive analysis of clinical features,histopathologic changes,immunohistochemical finding and EWSR1 or FUS gene detection results.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and molecular genetic characteristics of congenital spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma.Methods:Sixteen cases (including 10 consultation cases) of congenital spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed at the Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China, from April 2017 to January 2022 were collected. These cases were evaluated for clinical profiles, histomorphological features, immunophenotype and molecular characteristics.Results:Among the 16 patients, 9 were male and 7 were female. Five cases were present during maternal pregnancy and 11 cases were found immediately after birth. The tumors were located in the chest wall, low back, retroperitoneum, extremities or perineum. The tumors consisted of fasciculated spindle-shaped cells with localized mesenchymal sclerosis and vitreous metaplasia. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells expressed Desmin, Myogenin, MyoD1, SMA, CD56 and ALK to varying degrees, but not other markers such as CD34, CD99, pan-TRK, S-100 and BCOR. FISH analyses with NCOA2 (8q13) and VGLL2 (6q22) gene breakage probes revealed a breakage translocation in chromosome NCOA2 (8q13) in 4 cases (4/11). In the 6 cases subject to sequencing, a mutation at the p.L122R locus of MYOD1 gene was detected in 1 case (1/6). Two cases were examined by electron microscopy, which showed bundle-arranged myofilaments with some primitive myofilament formation. Five cases were resected with simple surgery, 2 cases were biopsied and followed up with observation only, and 9 cases were treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow-up was available in 12 cases. At the end of the follow-up, 2 of the 12 patients developed local recurrences and 2 patients survived with disease.Conclusions:Congenital spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare subtype of congenital rhabdomyosarcoma. It more commonly occurs in the chest, back and lower limbs of infants than other sites. NCOA2/VGLL2 gene fusion seems to be the most common genetic change. Its prognosis is better than other subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma and those in adolescents and adults with the same subtype. Analysis and summary of its clinicopathological features can help differentiate it from other soft tissue tumors in infants and children and provide the information for appropriate treatments.

Oral infectious diseases include caries, periodontal disease, halitosis, candidiasis albicans and so on. Over the past few decades, probiotics have mainly been studied in the field of the gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, probiotics have begun to be used in the prevention and treatment of various oral diseases and have become a new field in the research of oral disease prevention and control technology. This paper reviews the research progress of probiotics applied in the prevention and treatment of various oral infectious diseases. A review of the literature shows that probiotics can prevent and cure dental caries by inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans and competing with them for nutrition and attachment sites. Probiotics not only inhibit periodontal pathogens and reduce the production of sulfide, they also regulate the body’s immune function to alleviate halitosis and periodontal inflammation. Probiotics can inhibit periodontal caries by inhibiting them. Probiotics can inhibit them mycelial growth of Candida albicans and interfere with its adherence, thus playing a role in the prevention and treatment of oral candidiasis. Current studies have shown that probiotics play an auxiliary role in the treatment of caries, periodontitis, halitosis and oral candidiasis. However, the mechanism of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of oral infectious diseases is still unclear, and the safety of probiotics remains to be further studied. In the future, oral probiotics should be studied with reference to intestinal probiotics to better work to prevent and treat oral diseases.

Objective:To investigate long-term auditory changes and characteristics of Alport syndrome（AS） patients with different degrees of renal injury. Methods:Retrospectively analyzing clinical data of patients diagnosed AS from January 2007 to September 2022, including renal pathology, genetic detection and hearing examination. A long-term follow-up focusing on hearing and renal function was conducted. Results:This study included 70 AS patients, of which 33（25 males, 8 females, aged 3.4-27.8 years） were followed up, resulting in a loss rate of 52.9%.The follow-up period ranged from 1.1to 15.8 years, with 16 patients followed-up for over 10 years. During the follow-up, 10 patients presenting with hearing abnormalities at the time of diagnosis of AS had progressive hearing loss, and 3 patients with new hearing abnormalities were followed up, which appeared at 5-6 years of disease course. All of which were sensorineural deafness. While only 3 patients with hearing abnormalities among 13 patients received hearing aid intervention. Of these patients,7 developed end-stage renal disease（ESRD）, predominantly males （6/7）. The rate of long-term hearing loss was significantly different between ESRD group and non-ESRD group（P=0.013）. There was no correlation between the progression of renal disease and long-term hearing level（P>0.05）. kidney biopsies from 28 patients revealed varying degrees of podocyte lesion and uneven thickness of basement membrane. The severity of podocyte lesion was correlated with the rate of long-term hearing loss（P=0.048）, and there was no correlation with the severity of hearing loss（P>0.05）. Among 11 cases, theCOL4A5mutationwas most common （8 out of 11）, but there was no significant correlation between the mutation type and hearing phenotype（P>0.05）. Conclusion:AS patients exhibit progressive hearing loss with significant heterogeneity over the long-term.. THearing loss is more likely to occur 5-6 years into the disease course. Hearing abnormalities are closely related to renal disease status, kidney tissue pathology, and gene mutations, emphasizing the need for vigilant long-term hearing follow-up and early intervention.
Male ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Nephritis, Hereditary/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Kidney ; Deafness ; Hearing Loss/genetics* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology* ; Mutation