ObjectiveTo explore the drug resistance of Morganella morganii （Mm） and the risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase （ESBL） positive infection in type 2 diabetes foot （DF） patients with Mm， and to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods310 samples of DF patients with Mm infection were collected from Shanghai Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to March 2023. The patients were selected for the first time to detect Mm bacteria through cultivation， and were divided into ESBL producing group （n=45） and non ESBL producing group （n=265）. Bacterial identification and drug sensitivity experiments on Mm were conducted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors. The stepwise regression method （SRM） was used to screen the most important correlation factors for constructing risk prediction model and its evaluation. ResultsBoth ESBL producing and non ESBL producing Mm were sensitive to imipenem （IPM） and meropenem （MEM）. Compared with the non ESBL producing group， the resistance of Mm in the ESBL producing group to other tested antibiotics ［excluding ampicillin （AM）/sulbactam （SU）］ was higher （P<0.05）. Aged ≥60 years old， concomitant hypoproteinemia （HP）， combined use of antibiotics， and history of third-generation cephalosporin use were all independent risk factors for the occurrence of ESBL producing strain infection （P<0.05）. SRM screening identified age， HP， and use of third-generation cephalosporins as the most associated factors with ESBL producing strain infection， and these three factors were included in the multivariate logistic regression prediction model. After calculation， when P=0.80， the Jordan index was the highest and the prediction effect was the best. The prediction accuracy was 89.35%， the sensitivity was 86.67%， and the specificity was 89.81%. The model evaluation results showed that the predictive model has good discrimination and high accuracy. ConclusionThe Mm strain producing ESBL has strong resistance to commonly used antibiotics， and it is recommended that clinical physicians use antibiotics reasonably. Age， HP， combined use of antibiotics， and use of third-generation cephalosporins are all independent risk factors for the occurrence of ESBL producing bacterial infections. Clinical monitoring should be carried out on susceptible populations based on risk factors， and infection management should be strengthened.

The clinical features, laboratory tests, imaging findings, treatment and outcomes of 26 non-HIV infection patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) diagnosed in our hospital from January 2017 to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 males and 7 females, with an average age of 44(30, 51)years. All patients had underlying diseases of immunosuppression. The main symptoms included fever in 18 cases (69.2%), cough in 15 cases (57.7%), shortness of breath in 11 cases(42.3%). The laboratory test results showed elevated levels of CRP in 22 cases (95.7%), PCT in 18 cases (78.3%), lactate dehydrogenase in 17 cases (17/19), G test in 14 cases (14/20), and decreased CD4 +T cell count in 14 cases (14/19). Pneumocystis jirovecii pathogen was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 16 cases (61.5%), in blood samples in 10 cases (38.5%). Pneumocystis jirovecii was not detected in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using smear microscopy. Chest CT showed ground-glass opacity in 25 cases (96.1%). All patients received compound sulfamethoxazole tablet, 21 patients (80.8%) were also treated with other anti-fungal drugs. Among the 26 patients, 1 case (3.9%) received extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), 5 cases (19.2%) received non-invasive ventilation, 7 cases (27.0%) received invasive ventilation, and 13 cases (50.0%) received nasal cannula oxygen therapy. Of the 26 cases, 19 cases(73.1%)developed severe pneumonia. Finally, 21 patients (80.8%) improved and discharged, and 5 patients (19.2%) died. In conclusion, non-HIV infection patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia were mainly middle-aged or elderly people with underlying diseases of immunosuppression. The clinical symptoms are mainly fever, cough, and shortness of breath. The imaging manifestations are mainly ground-glass opacity and consolidation opacity. Laboratory tests show elevated CRP, PCT, LDH, and G tests, and decreased CD4 +T cells. Compound sulfamethoxazole-based comprehensive treatment is effective for PJP. The disease is characterized by high proportion of severe pneumonia, fast remission and high risk of mortality.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients in China.Methods:This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 3 528 consecutive GBC patients diagnosed between January 2010 to December 2017 in 15 hospitals from 10 provinces. There were 1 345 (38.12%) males and 2 183 (61.88%) females.The age of diagnosis was (63.7±10.8) years old (range: 26 to 99 years old) .There were 213 patients (6.04%) in stage 0 to Ⅰ, whereas 1 059 (30.02%) in stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ, 1 874 (53.12%) in stage Ⅳ, and 382 (10.83%) unavailable. Surgery was performed on 2 255 patients (63.92%) . Three hundred and thirty-six patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy (9.52%; of which 172 were palliative); 1 101 (31.21%) received only supportive treatment.The patient source, treatment and surgery, pathology, concomitant gallstone, and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Among the 3 528 GBC patients, 959 (27.18%) were from East China, 603 (17.09%) from East-North China, 1 533 (43.45%) from Central China, and 433(12.27%) from West China. Among the 1 578 resectable tumor, 665 (42.14%) underwent radical surgery, 913 (57.86%) underwent surgery that failed to follow the guidelines.Eight hundred and ninety-one (56.46%) patients were diagnosed before surgery, 254 (16.10%) during surgery, and 381 (24.14%) after surgery (time point of diagnosis couldn′t be determined in 52 patients) .Among the 1 578 patients with resectable tumor, 759 (48.10%) had concomitant gallstone.Among the 665 patients underwent radical surgery, 69 (10.4%) showed positive resection margin, 510 (76.7%) showed negative resection margin, and 86 (12.9%) unreported margin status.The 5-year overall survival rate (5yOS) for the 3 528-patient cohort was 23.0%.The 5yOS for patients with resectable tumor was 39.6%, for patients with stage ⅣB tumor without surgery was 5.4%, and for patients with stage ⅣB tumor underwent palliative surgery was 4.7%.Conclusions:More than half GBC patients in China are diagnosed in stage Ⅳ.Curative intent surgery is valuable in improving prognosis of resectable GBC.The treatment of GBC needs further standardization.Effective comprehensive treatment for GBC is in urgent need.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients in China.Methods:This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 3 528 consecutive GBC patients diagnosed between January 2010 to December 2017 in 15 hospitals from 10 provinces. There were 1 345 (38.12%) males and 2 183 (61.88%) females.The age of diagnosis was (63.7±10.8) years old (range: 26 to 99 years old) .There were 213 patients (6.04%) in stage 0 to Ⅰ, whereas 1 059 (30.02%) in stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ, 1 874 (53.12%) in stage Ⅳ, and 382 (10.83%) unavailable. Surgery was performed on 2 255 patients (63.92%) . Three hundred and thirty-six patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy (9.52%; of which 172 were palliative); 1 101 (31.21%) received only supportive treatment.The patient source, treatment and surgery, pathology, concomitant gallstone, and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Among the 3 528 GBC patients, 959 (27.18%) were from East China, 603 (17.09%) from East-North China, 1 533 (43.45%) from Central China, and 433(12.27%) from West China. Among the 1 578 resectable tumor, 665 (42.14%) underwent radical surgery, 913 (57.86%) underwent surgery that failed to follow the guidelines.Eight hundred and ninety-one (56.46%) patients were diagnosed before surgery, 254 (16.10%) during surgery, and 381 (24.14%) after surgery (time point of diagnosis couldn′t be determined in 52 patients) .Among the 1 578 patients with resectable tumor, 759 (48.10%) had concomitant gallstone.Among the 665 patients underwent radical surgery, 69 (10.4%) showed positive resection margin, 510 (76.7%) showed negative resection margin, and 86 (12.9%) unreported margin status.The 5-year overall survival rate (5yOS) for the 3 528-patient cohort was 23.0%.The 5yOS for patients with resectable tumor was 39.6%, for patients with stage ⅣB tumor without surgery was 5.4%, and for patients with stage ⅣB tumor underwent palliative surgery was 4.7%.Conclusions:More than half GBC patients in China are diagnosed in stage Ⅳ.Curative intent surgery is valuable in improving prognosis of resectable GBC.The treatment of GBC needs further standardization.Effective comprehensive treatment for GBC is in urgent need.