Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rates globally. Current treatment methods for lung cancer primarily include surgery， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy. However， the main limitations of these treatments are their side effects， the drug resistance， and the economic burden they impose. As a critical cancer pathway， the Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway regulates tumor occurrence and development through multiple mechanisms by influencing various downstream targets. Consequently， the JAK/STAT signaling pathway offers a promising avenue for lung cancer treatment research. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a key role in the proliferation and growth of lung cancer cells， angiogenesis， epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， metabolic alterations， remodeling of the immune microenvironment， and the development of treatment resistance. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has garnered increasing attention due to its minimal side effects， low economic burden， and its potential to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity when used in conjunction with Western medicine. In addition to traditional Chinese medicine compounds， a growing number of Chinese medicine monomers have come into the spotlight because of their more targeted effects. Numerous studies investigating the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by TCM in the treatment of lung cancer have demonstrated that TCM can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells， tumor angiogenesis， and EMT， improve the inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironments， and enhance treatment sensitivity by intervening in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway， thereby impeding the progression of lung cancer. In recent years， the research on the regulation of this pathway by TCM in the treatment of lung cancer has been updated rapidly. However， the summary of these studies has not been updated in time. This review summarizes and reflects on the recent research findings regarding the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by TCM to intervene in lung cancer from three aspects， introducing the JAK/STAT pathway， elaborating the mechanism of this pathway in lung cancer， and exploring the intervention of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer through this pathway， to provide more reference for the treatment of lung cancer in the future.

Objective To investigate the role of STK4-AS1 in regulating the proliferation,invasion,and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells through the MYG1/Notch signaling pathway.Methods Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of STK4-AS1 in ESCC cells.MTS assay,wound healing and Transwell assay were conducted to explore the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities in each group in Eca109 and Kyse150 cells.mRNA sequencing(mRNA-seq)was used to detect the down-stream target genes of STK4-AS1.KEGG functional enrichment analyses were used to predict the possible biological processes and signaling pathways.qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to identify mRNA expression of MYG1 and the key downstream transcription factors HES1,HES5,and HEY1 of the Notch signaling pathway,as well as the protein expression of NICD1.Co-transfection plasmids(for over-expressing STK4-AS1 and MYG1)were used to detect the mRNA expression of HES1,HES5,and HEY1 and the protein expression of NICD1 which acted as the key downstream transcription factors in the Notch signaling pathway,as well as the effects on the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities of ESCC cells.Results The expression of STK4-AS1 was decreased in ESCC cell lines(P<0.01).Over-expression of STK4-AS1 inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion abilities in Eca109 and Kyse150 cells(P<0.05).STK4-AS1 negatively regulated the expression of MYG1(P<0.01),and the expression of MYG1 was increased in ESCC cell lines(P<0.01).Over-expression of MYG1 could partially reverse the effect of STK4-AS1 on the malignant biological behavior of Eca109 and Kyse150 cells(P<0.05),as well as the mRNA expressions of HES1,HES5,and HEY1 and the protein expression of NICD1(P<0.05).Conclusion STK4-AS1 affects the malignant biological behaviors of ESCC through the MYG1/Notch signaling pathway.

Objective Based on the"preventive treatment of disease"theory and real-world data,this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yangyin Shugan Formula in patients with ovarian dysfunction characterized by the syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression at different stages and to provide evidence for optimizing the timing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)management.Methods Ovarian dysfunction patients under 40 years old characterized by syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression,registered in the outpatient electronic medical records of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2023,were stratified into three groups:subclinical POI,POI,and premature ovarian failure(POF)groups.The therapeutic outcomes of the three groups of patients were compared,including TCM syndrome total response rates,menstrual total response rates/normalization(cured)rates,base follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)total response rate/normalization rates and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)levels.Results A total of 307 patients meeting the research criteria were included(97 cases in subclinical POI group,112 cases in POI group,and 98 cases in POF group).The TCM syndrome total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(98.97%,96/97)>POI group(95.54%,107/112)>POF group(83.67%,82/98),with the POF group was lower than that of the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.017);while the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Menstrual total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(97.22%,70/72)>POI group(72.32%,81/112)>POF group(51.02%,50/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017);normalization rates ranked as subclinical POI group(90.28%,65/72)>POI group(54.46%,61/112)>POF group(26.53%,26/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).FSH total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(89.69%,87/97)>POI group(81.25%,91/112)>POF group(60.20%,59/98),while POF group was lower than that of the other two groups(P<0.017),and the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Normalization FSH rates ranked as subclinical POI group(71.13%,69/97)>POI group(53.57%,60/112)>POF group(16.33%,16/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).Compared with before treatment,the FSH levels in all three groups decreased after treatment(P<0.01).The reduction of FSH in the POF and POI groups were better than that in the subclinical P OI group(P<0.017).No significant difference was observed in the reduction of FSH between the POI and POF groups.Post-treatment AMH elevation observed in the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Yangyin Shugan Formula improves the menstrual conditions and TCM syndromes across all the stages.It also improves elevated FSH levels across all the stages and has a specific effect on normalizing FSH and menstruation.Yangyin Shugan Formula increases the AMH levels of patients with subclinical POI and POI,highlighting the applicability of TCM in staged preventive management.

Objective:To understand the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women and influencing factors in China and provide reference for the improvement of the health status of HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns.Methods:Based on a mother-child cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women and children (PMTCT-MC-2005) established in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, this study enrolled pregnant women with or without HIV infection as study subjects from January 2017 to June 2023, a total of 1 646 pregnant women (558 HIV-infected and 1 088 HIV-uninfected) were included, and 34 cases with missing data were excluded. The χ2 test was used to analyze the difference in the incidence adverse pregnancy outcome between two groups, and used logistic regression model to identify the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women. Results:A total of 1 612 pregnant women were included in the study, in whom 541 were infected with HIV and 1 071 were not infected with HIV. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was 18.8% (303/1 612), the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was 33.1% (179/541) in the HIV-infected pregnant women and 11.6% (124/1 071) in the pregnant women without HIV infection. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcome were age <35 years at delivery (a OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.95) compared with the age ≥35 years and the duration of antiviral treatment over 10 years (a OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.23-0.79) compared with less than one year. Conclusions:The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women was high in some regions of China during 2017-2023. It is necessary for HIV-infected women to get pregnancy at appropriate time based on antiretroviral treatment effect and strengthen self-care to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome.

Objective Based on the"preventive treatment of disease"theory and real-world data,this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yangyin Shugan Formula in patients with ovarian dysfunction characterized by the syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression at different stages and to provide evidence for optimizing the timing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)management.Methods Ovarian dysfunction patients under 40 years old characterized by syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression,registered in the outpatient electronic medical records of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2023,were stratified into three groups:subclinical POI,POI,and premature ovarian failure(POF)groups.The therapeutic outcomes of the three groups of patients were compared,including TCM syndrome total response rates,menstrual total response rates/normalization(cured)rates,base follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)total response rate/normalization rates and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)levels.Results A total of 307 patients meeting the research criteria were included(97 cases in subclinical POI group,112 cases in POI group,and 98 cases in POF group).The TCM syndrome total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(98.97%,96/97)>POI group(95.54%,107/112)>POF group(83.67%,82/98),with the POF group was lower than that of the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.017);while the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Menstrual total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(97.22%,70/72)>POI group(72.32%,81/112)>POF group(51.02%,50/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017);normalization rates ranked as subclinical POI group(90.28%,65/72)>POI group(54.46%,61/112)>POF group(26.53%,26/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).FSH total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(89.69%,87/97)>POI group(81.25%,91/112)>POF group(60.20%,59/98),while POF group was lower than that of the other two groups(P<0.017),and the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Normalization FSH rates ranked as subclinical POI group(71.13%,69/97)>POI group(53.57%,60/112)>POF group(16.33%,16/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).Compared with before treatment,the FSH levels in all three groups decreased after treatment(P<0.01).The reduction of FSH in the POF and POI groups were better than that in the subclinical P OI group(P<0.017).No significant difference was observed in the reduction of FSH between the POI and POF groups.Post-treatment AMH elevation observed in the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Yangyin Shugan Formula improves the menstrual conditions and TCM syndromes across all the stages.It also improves elevated FSH levels across all the stages and has a specific effect on normalizing FSH and menstruation.Yangyin Shugan Formula increases the AMH levels of patients with subclinical POI and POI,highlighting the applicability of TCM in staged preventive management.

Objective To investigate the role of STK4-AS1 in regulating the proliferation,invasion,and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells through the MYG1/Notch signaling pathway.Methods Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of STK4-AS1 in ESCC cells.MTS assay,wound healing and Transwell assay were conducted to explore the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities in each group in Eca109 and Kyse150 cells.mRNA sequencing(mRNA-seq)was used to detect the down-stream target genes of STK4-AS1.KEGG functional enrichment analyses were used to predict the possible biological processes and signaling pathways.qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to identify mRNA expression of MYG1 and the key downstream transcription factors HES1,HES5,and HEY1 of the Notch signaling pathway,as well as the protein expression of NICD1.Co-transfection plasmids(for over-expressing STK4-AS1 and MYG1)were used to detect the mRNA expression of HES1,HES5,and HEY1 and the protein expression of NICD1 which acted as the key downstream transcription factors in the Notch signaling pathway,as well as the effects on the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities of ESCC cells.Results The expression of STK4-AS1 was decreased in ESCC cell lines(P<0.01).Over-expression of STK4-AS1 inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion abilities in Eca109 and Kyse150 cells(P<0.05).STK4-AS1 negatively regulated the expression of MYG1(P<0.01),and the expression of MYG1 was increased in ESCC cell lines(P<0.01).Over-expression of MYG1 could partially reverse the effect of STK4-AS1 on the malignant biological behavior of Eca109 and Kyse150 cells(P<0.05),as well as the mRNA expressions of HES1,HES5,and HEY1 and the protein expression of NICD1(P<0.05).Conclusion STK4-AS1 affects the malignant biological behaviors of ESCC through the MYG1/Notch signaling pathway.

Objective:To understand the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women and influencing factors in China and provide reference for the improvement of the health status of HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns.Methods:Based on a mother-child cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women and children (PMTCT-MC-2005) established in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, this study enrolled pregnant women with or without HIV infection as study subjects from January 2017 to June 2023, a total of 1 646 pregnant women (558 HIV-infected and 1 088 HIV-uninfected) were included, and 34 cases with missing data were excluded. The χ2 test was used to analyze the difference in the incidence adverse pregnancy outcome between two groups, and used logistic regression model to identify the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women. Results:A total of 1 612 pregnant women were included in the study, in whom 541 were infected with HIV and 1 071 were not infected with HIV. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was 18.8% (303/1 612), the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was 33.1% (179/541) in the HIV-infected pregnant women and 11.6% (124/1 071) in the pregnant women without HIV infection. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcome were age <35 years at delivery (a OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.95) compared with the age ≥35 years and the duration of antiviral treatment over 10 years (a OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.23-0.79) compared with less than one year. Conclusions:The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women was high in some regions of China during 2017-2023. It is necessary for HIV-infected women to get pregnancy at appropriate time based on antiretroviral treatment effect and strengthen self-care to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome.

Post-stroke urinary incontinence (PSUI) is a common complication in patients with stroke, affecting at least one-third of patients with stroke and seriously affecting their quality of life and rehabilitation process. This article reviews the pathogenesis, risk factors, and treatment of PSUI.

Objective:To screen genetic and epigenetic expression differences associated with pulmonary embolism through integrated bioinformatics analysis.Methods:Four patients with pulmonary embolism and healthy physical examination in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in 2019 were selected as the research objects, using high-throughput sequencing technologies and methylation chip technology to detect, screening and integrated peripheral blood difference genomes and the epigenome data to identify the pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism caused by methylation of drive and differentially expressed genes, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed.Results:Coexpression analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data between the pulmonary embolism group and the healthy control group showed that differential methylation in the upstream region of genes was negatively correlated with gene expression. Among them, 8 significantly methylated genes in the upstream region of genes were screened out, and independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were done. In the pulmonary embolism group, there were 6 significant methylated genes of TSS1500, namely TSPO2, C1QA, AQP1, TNFSF9, MIA and STAB1, and the differential expression multiple log2FC of corresponding genes was 1.298, 1.629, 1.024, 2.746, 2.539, 1.060, respectively. The correlation between gene expression and gene methylation were -0.908, -0.900, -0.824, -0.784, -0.783, -0.779, respectively, and the methylation differences between the two groups were -0.049, -0.053, -0.048, -0.057, -0.050, respectively. -0.053 ( P < 0.05). There were three significantly methylated genes in the TSS200 region, namely TSPO2, SLC9A, and SIGLEC1. The gene expression differential multiple log2FC was 1.298, -2.252, and 1.866, respectively. The correlation between gene expression and gene methylation was -0.860, -0.774, and -0.739, respectively. The methylation difference between the two groups was -0.051, 0.027, -0.048 ( P < 0.05). In the pulmonary embolism group, 7 genes, including TSPO2, C1QA, AQP1, TNFSF9, MIA, STAB1 and SIGLEC1, showed hypomethylation and high expression in the TSS region. SLC9A3 gene showed high methylation and low expression. In the analysis of GO function, significant enrichment was obtained in complement activation, immune response and activation protein cascade. In the KEGG signaling pathway, the immune system, bacterial infection, and signaling molecules and interactions are significantly enriched, thereby regulating the occurrence of pulmonary embolism. Conclusions:Based on the combined analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression, a new idea of the occurrence and development of pulmonary embolism has been found, which can be further studied in the future.

Objective Based on the real-world data,we aimed to study the clinical efficacy and safety of Yangyin Shugan(method of nourishing yin and soothing liver)Decoction,an empirical prescription of famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioners,in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)with pattern of kidney deficiency and liver depression.Methods A total of 618 POI patients with pattern of kidney deficiency and liver depression who registered in the outpatient electronic medical record system of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine were collected from January 2020 to December 2023.After 1:1 propensity matching,a total of 222 patients with POI who met the criteria were included and assigned to a Yangyin Shugan Decoction group(treated with Yangyin Shugan Decoction only)and a hormone control group(hormone treatment only),with 111 cases in each group.Age,age at menarche,marriage status,duration,times of pregnancy,times of miscarriage,menstrual total score,total score of TCM syndrome,basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone(bFSH),and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)were recorded and compared.After 3 to 4 months of treatment,the clinical efficacy between the two groups include TCM syndromes,menstrual,bFSH,and menstrual normalization rates during the follow-up period(3 months after discontinuation of medication)were compared.Additionally,comparisons were also made before and after treatment for the total score of TCM syndrome and scores of individual symptom,menstrual total score and scores of indicator,bFSH level,and AMH levels in both groups.Results(ⅰ)The total effective rate of the TCM syndrome in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group and hormone control group were 85.59%and 52.25%,respectively;the total effective rate of menstrual were 54.95%and 90.99%,respectively;the menstrual normalization rate during the follow-up period were 31.53%and 9.01%,respectively;and regarding bFSH efficacy,the total effective rate were 70.27%and 27.03%,respectively,and the normalization rate of bFSH were 35.14%and 9.01%,respectively.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.01).(ⅱ)The bFSH value in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group decreased after treatment compared to before treatment(P<0.01),while the bFSH value in the hormone control group showed no change before and after treatment.The AMH value increased after treatment compared to before treatment in Yangyin Shugan Decoction group(P<0.01),while the AMH value in the hormone control group showed no change before and after treatment.The difference of bFSH and AMH between the two groups after treatment was statistically significant(P<0.01).(ⅲ)After treatment,the total score of TCM syndrome and the scores of individual symptom in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01);the total score of TCM syndrome,scores of hot flushes and sweating,hyposexuality,and insomnia in the hormone control group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01).After treatment,the total score of TCM syndrome and the scores of individual symptom in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group were lower than those in the hormone control group(P<0.01).(ⅳ)After treatment,the menstrual total score,scores of menstrual cycle,period,menstrual flow,and menstrual blood color in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01);the menstrual total score,score of menstrual cycle,period,and menstrual flow in the hormone control group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01);after treatment,the menstrual total score and menstrual cycle score in the hormone control group were better than those in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group(P<0.01).(ⅴ)No adverse reactions were observed in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group and 29 cases of adverse reactions were observed in the hormone control group.Conclusion Yangyin Shugan Decoction can effectively improve TCM syndrome in POI patients with pattern of kidney deficiency and liver depression;downregulate the elevated bFSH level,increase the low AMH level,and effectively improve ovarian function,even continue to maintain menstruation after drug withdrawal.In the real world,Yangyin Shugan Decoction got satisfactory efficacy and good safety in the treatment of POI,which deserves clinical promotion and application.