Problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method combined with formative evalua-tion was used in the teaching practice of pediatrics education. This method was implemented by four phases: courses designing, group-preparing, problems-organizing and teaching practice. The method was evaluated by students' feedback and survey results of patients, teachers and teaching councilors. It was showed that the teaching effects of PBL combined with formative evaluation was better than tra-ditional teaching method in pediatrics teaching.

Objective To characterize the urinary microbial profile of male non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients compared to healthy controls.Methods Between March,2017 and September,2017,mid-stream urine from 26 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and 18 non-neoplastic controls were collected by the clean method,then centrifuged and processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Sequencing reads were processed for evaluating alpha diversity and beta diversity using QIIME.LEfSe algorithm was performed to identify potential bacterial genera biomarker.Results The smoking cases were more in tumor group than those in control group(21 vs.7,P ＜ 0.01).The urinary microenvironment of bladder cancer was characterized by increased bacterial richness (Observed species index,Chaol index and Ace index,125.77 ± 69.64 vs.80.38 ± 46.24;142.82 ± 76.74 vs.90.68 ± 47.62;and 147.92 ± 77.68 vs.88.19 ± 45.38,all P ＜ 0.05) and by the enrichment of some bacterial genera (e.g.,Acinetobacter and Anaerococcus).Significant difference in β diversity was found between cancer and non-cancer group (ANOSIM,P =O.009).A clear hierarchical clustering of cancer samples was observed,suggesting a common dysbiosis associated to bladder cancer.Conclusions Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer exhibit a different microbial community compared to non-neoplastic controls,suggesting a possible pathophysiological correlation between microbiome and bladder cancer.Urinary microbial community may be associated with the prognosis of NMIBC.

Purpose/Significance To address the challenge of low willingness to share scientific data among stakeholders in the tradi-tional Chinese medicine(TCM)industry,and to promote standardization,aggregation,sharing,and application of scientific data in the field of TCM.Method/Process By adhering to national standards for scientific data submission and management,integrating technologies such as blockchain and digital watermarking,the study aims to establish atrusted process for the exchange of scientific data in the field of TCM and build a TCM scientific data management platform.Result/Conclusion This platform will provide information technology support for regional TCM scientific data exchange,and effectively improve the efficiency and willingness of scientific data exchange within the region.