Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the important component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, contributes to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protects the cell against bactericidal agents. LPS, also called endotoxin synonymously, is well known as a potent inducer of the innate immune system that often causes septic shock in the intensive cares. Chemically, the amphiphilic LPS is made up of three parts, i.e., hydrophobic lipid A, hydrophilic core oligosaccharide chain, and hydrophilic O-antigenic polysaccharide side chain. Specially, the lipid A is known to be responsible for a variety of biological effects during Gram-negative sepsis. LPS can elicit a strong response from innate immune system and result in local or systemic adverse reactions. LPS can trigger massive inflammatory responses and may result in immunopathology, for which the molecular basis is mediated by the signal path- way of LPS. In recent years, a tremendous progress has been made in determining the associated proteins and receptors in the LPS signaling that leads to the disease. This review gives a summary of recent progresses of research on LPS and LPS receptors.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; Drug Design ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; Lipopolysaccharides ; chemistry

Currently, all the conventional antibiotics have developed corresponding drug-resistant pathogenic strains, which have increasingly become a serious threat to people's health. Development of completely new types of antibiotics is one of effective ways to solve the drug resistance issue. Antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antimicrobial activity and wild variety become the ideal alternative to traditional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are derived from wide range of sources, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Mechanism of function of the antimicrobial peptides and the investigation approaches of different antimicrobial peptides also vary dramatically. In this paper, we give an overview of preparation, antibacterial mechanisms, and research methodology of antimicrobial peptides.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; pharmacology ; Humans

Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs) are critical component of the innate immune system of organisms, and have been demonstrated with the activity against a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, fungi, viruses and even tumor cells.Broad-spectrum activity and low propensity for resistance development make the AMPs as a kind of great potential for development of new anti-infective agents.In this paper, the origins, the action, the mechanism, the application prospects are reviewed.

The clinical manifestations of the disease include dysphagia, foreign body sensation in pharyngeal, retrosternal pain and regurgitation. Physical examination showed a sausage-shaped mass hanging outside the mouth, sometimes. CT scan demonstrated a benign placeholder in upper segment of esophagus. Surgery is the only way to achieve radical cure. Pathological examination: inflammtory fibroid polyp.
Deglutition Disorders ; Esophagus ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; pathology ; Pharynx ; Polyps ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To explore the role of expression of membrane Fas(mFas)antigen and serum soluble Fas(sFas)in acute leukemia.Methods Strept avidin-biotin complex method of immunohistochemical staining assay and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to detect the expression of mFas antigen in bone marrow cells and serum sFas in 30 patients with acute leukemia in Binzhou Medical College Affiliatd Hospital from November 2001 to September 2002,which was compared with normal control group.The relation between expression of serum sFas and chemotherapy outcome were evaluated too.Results The expression of mFas antigen in ALL(5.62?2.27)% and ANLL(8.80?4.15)% were respectively and significantly lower than that in normal control group(28.75?11.20)%(P

OBJECTIVE To explore the condition of the cellular immune function of children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) and its change after operation METHODS Eighty children diagnosed as OSAHS were included in this study. T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells of the blood were measured before operation and one month after operation respectively. Children without the related disorders or systemic disease were recruited as control group.RESULTS Before operation, CD4+T cell percentage, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cell percentage in OSAHS children were significantly lower than that in the control group[(26.19±3.38)%vs (5.10±4.09)%, (0.90±0.19)%vs (1.61±0.52)%, (11.45±4.35)%vs (13.73±3.78)%,P<0.05], CD8+T cell percentage was significantly higher than that in the control group[(30.02±5.50)%vs (22.31±3.42) %,P<0.05]. The difference, between the two groups, in CD3+T cells was not statistically significant. After operation, the CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, the percentage of NK cells and CD3+T cells showed no significance difference compared with that before operation (P>0.05). CONCLUSION OSAHS may damage the cellular immune function. The operation does not reduce the cellular immune function in the short term.

Objective To investigate the status of rehabilitation for schizophrenia in China. Methods Papers about schizophrenia rehabilitation were retrieved from CNKI and analyzed. Results Schizophrenia rehabilitation was mainly performed by psychiatrists and nurses,rather than rehabilitation teams. 86.91% of the papers reported general rehabilitation. The psychiatric rehabilitation mainly performed in the hospital rather than in community, especially in rural. Conclusion The rehabilitation for schizophrenia needs more team-work and will be further deepened.

Objective To observe the effects of aloe juice on skin wound healing in scalded rats and scavenging the oxygen free radical in their bodies. Methods 24 rats were divided into 3 groups,namely, aloe group, burn cream group and blank control group. And burn wounds ( Ⅱ degree deep) were created with a diameter of 2. 6cm in their backs, respectively. Smear Burn Ointment and Aloe Vera juice,were used to observe the time of the appearance of their epithelial tissues and the time of the wound healing,and the content of SOD, GSH-PX and MDA in healed skin surfaces were detected. Results The time of the appearance of epithelial tissues[(4.6 ±0. 56)d ,(16.2±2.6),(5.4±0.6)d,(18. 1 ±3.4)d,(6.8± 0. 3) d , (22. 3 ± 3.2 ) d], the wound healing and the content of SOD [( (98.07 ± 6. 22) vs(83.97 ± 6. 34), (57. 50 ± 9. 43 )], GSH-PX [(243.21 ± 20. 18)vs (208.25 ± 24. 52), ( 139. 88 ± 22. 70)] and MDA [(4. 89 ±2. 12) vs (6. 93 ± 3.05 ), (8.98 ± 2. 14)] in aloe group have significant difference compared with the blank group( P <0.01, 0.001, 0.005), but no significant difference compared with the burn cream group. Conclusion Aloe juice has the effects of promoting the skin wound healing of scalded rats ,scavenging the oxygen free radical in their bodies and protecting cells.

Objective To establish Ad-LIF-OSM transgenic feeder cells for the expansion of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell and tentatively study its effect in expansion and differentiation of cord blood hematopoietic stem cell(HSC) in vitro.Methods In the foundation of pAdTrack-CMV-LIF-polyA+promoterΔ,the OSM gene was inserted to the vector plasmid.Then we structure the transfer plasmid pAdTrack-CMV-LIF-polyA+promoterΔ-OSM.The transfer vector and backbone vector were further cotransfected for homologous recombination. The result pAdEasy-1-pAdTrack-CMV-LIF-polyA + promoterΔ-OSM homologous recombination plasmid were transfected into the human embryonic kidney 293 (QBI-293A) cells,leading to formation of the recombinant adenviruses Ad-LIF-OSM which co-expressing LIF and OSM.Infect the feeder layer cells with groups of Adenovirus,detection the expressing of LIF and OSM in WI-38 cells by RT-PCR and ELISA.Compares the stem cells differentiation and proliferation of the different experimental groups in vitro by transwell and cell counting.Results The sequencing results show that the OSM genes were anastomotic in Ad-LIF-OSM.LIF and OSM gene could be detected in feeder layer cells which infected by Ad-LIF-OSM.Exogenetic LIF and OSM have special effect in culturing HSC in vitro.Conclusion The adenoviral vector co-expressing LIF and OSM (Ad-LIF-OSM) were successfully constructed.Ad-LIF-OSM transgenic feeder cells can effectively proliferate umbilical cord blood CD34+ HSPC in vitro and delay it differentiate.

This study examined the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) toxicity to central nervous system (CNS) in treatment of patients with aortic dissection (AD). The medical records of 191 AD patients who were admitted to Tongji Hospital, China, from Jan. 1998 to Feb. 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 140 cases of hypertension (73.3%) and 13 cases of Marfan syndrome (6.8%) among the 191 AD patients. A total of 157 patients were given SNP treatment. The toxic reactions of CNS occurred in 18 subjects (11.5%). Most of the adverse reactions occurred on the fifth day following SNP injection. SNP infusion rate was significantly higher in patients who developed CNS toxicity. It was suggested that systemic hypertension is the most common predisposing factor for AD. The combination of SNP with a β-receptor blocker is a medical therapy commonly used in patients with AD. Cyanide and thiocyanate toxicity from SNP treatment is always the consequence of prolonged drug infusion or relatively high dose administration.