The effects of grape seed oil on serum total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were investigated in experimental hypercholesterolemic rats. The grape seed oil containing about 74% linoleic acid, multivitamins and trace elements. Each animal was given 4 ml/kg BW grape seed oil mixed in high fat ration for 40 days. The results in two experiments showed that TC concentration in the serum of rats fed grape seed oil was markedly lowered as compared to control, but serum HDL-C was less lowered. Furthermore, the ratio of HDL-C to TC in the experimental group was also significantly higher than that of control.

The composition, nutritional evaluation and clinical trials of a nutritionally complete enteral preparation were presented. It was composed of glucose oligosaccharides, emulsified fat, solubilized proteins, twelve vitamins, certain minerals and trace elements. Rats were forced to negative nitrogen balance by means of protein-free diet. Body weight and serum total protein declined accordingly. When the feed was changed to this preparation in one group, and a routine one with equal nitrogen content in another, nitrogen balance was turned to positive, body weight increased, serum total protein returned to normal in both groups. The increments of nitrogen balance and body weight were, however, higher significantly in the group fed with the preparation than that with routine diet. The biological value, net protein utilization and protein efficiency ratio of the solubilized proteins in the preparation were higher than casein in the routine feed. Twenty surgical patients having the preparation as the sole source of nutrients could take around 8.37MJ(2000 kcal)a day. Nitrogen balance turned from negative to positive in an average time of 3.6 days. Body weight, serum total protein, serum albumin were all increased. Fourty patients took this as dietary supplement and the similar results were observed too. Clinical effects were excellent in all cases, especially for healing of surgical wounds and fistula. Incidence of diarrhea was 3.3%.

The expression of microRNA (miRNA) is closely related to radio-chemosensitivity in glioma stem cells (GSCs).Moreover,the growth of glioma stem cells could be inhibited comprehensively by increasing radio-chemosensitivity and apoptosis,simultaneously with the regulation of a single miRNA,which has been confirmed by some researches.Thereby microRNA is prospective for the adoption as a specific agent in targeted therapy of glioma,so as to increase the radio-chemosensitivity in glioma stem cells.

Objective To investigate the status of rehabilitation for schizophrenia in China. Methods Papers about schizophrenia rehabilitation were retrieved from CNKI and analyzed. Results Schizophrenia rehabilitation was mainly performed by psychiatrists and nurses,rather than rehabilitation teams. 86.91% of the papers reported general rehabilitation. The psychiatric rehabilitation mainly performed in the hospital rather than in community, especially in rural. Conclusion The rehabilitation for schizophrenia needs more team-work and will be further deepened.

Eucommiae Folium(EF),a traditional Chinese medicine,has been used to treat secondary hypertension,including renal hypertension and salt-sensitive hypertension,as well as hypertension caused by thoracic aortic endothelial dysfunction,a high-fat diet,and oxidized low-density lipoprotein.The antihyperten-sive components of EF are divided into four categories:flavonoids,iridoids,lignans,and phenyl-propanoids,such as chlorogenic acid,geniposide acid and pinoresinol diglucoside.EF regulates the occurrence and development of hypertension by regulating biological processes,such as inhibiting inflammation,regulating the nitric oxide synthase pathway,reducing oxidative stress levels,regulating endothelial vasoactive factors,and lowering blood pressure.However,its molecular antihypertensive mechanisms are still unclear and require further investigation.In this review,by consulting the relevant literature on the antihypertensive effects of EF and using network pharmacology,we summarized the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of EF in the treatment of hypertension to clarify how EF is associated with secondary hypertension,the related components,and underlying mechanisms.The results of the network pharmacology analysis indicated that EF treats hypertension through a multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism.In particular,we discussed the role of EF tar-gets in the treatment of hypertension,including epithelial sodium channel,heat shock protein70,rho-associated protein kinase 1,catalase,and superoxide dismutase.The relevant signal transduction path-ways,the ras homolog family member A(RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase(ROCK)and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase/eNOS/NO/Ca2+pathways,are also discussed.

【Objective】 To explore the antidepressant effects of acupuncture at Baihui and Zusanli acupoints on mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive-like behavior and its association with changes in gut microbiota. 【Methods】 Sixty mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group (Ctrl), control+acupuncture group (Ctrl+AP), CUMS group, and CUMS+acupuncture group (CUMS+AP). The CUMS and CUMS+AP groups underwent 6-week CUMS treatment. During the last three weeks of CUMS, mice in the Ctrl+AP and CUMS+AP groups received 20 minutes of acupuncture at Baihui and Zusanli acupoints daily. Sucrose preference test and tail suspension test were used to assess the depressive-like behavior in mice. After the behavioral tests, fecal samples were collected from the mice, and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 【Results】 Acupuncture alone had no effect on sucrose preference or tail suspension test results in mice (P>0.05). CUMS induced depressive-like behavior in mice, as evidenced by decreased sucrose preference (P<0.001) and increased immobility time in the tail suspension test (P=0.003). The CUMS+AP group showed increased sucrose preference (P=0.035) and decreased immobility time in the tail suspension test (P=0.045) compared to the CUMS group. Acupuncture and CUMS did not alter the richness of gut microbiota in mice (P>0.05), but they caused significant changes in gut microbiota composition (P=0.002). CUMS increased the abundance of six bacterial genera, including Patulibacter, and decreased the abundance of 26 bacterial genera, including Faecalibacterium (P<0.05). The CUMS+AP group showed increased abundance of 10 bacterial genera, including Faecalibacterium, and decreased abundance of four bacterial genera, including Patulibacter, compared to the CUMS group (P<0.05). Each group of mice had specific gut microbiota. The CUMS group showed significant enrichment of gene functions related to retinol metabolism, ubiquitin system, N-glycan biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, apoptosis, and thermogenesis compared to the control group (P<0.05), while acupuncture reduced the enrichment of these gene functions in the CUMS+AP mice (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Acupuncture at Baihui and Zusanli acupoints has antidepressant effects and can partially restore the depression-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Acupuncture at Baihui and Zusanli acupoints may exert antidepressant effects by influencing gut microbiota composition and metabolism functions of retinol, ubiquitin, N-glycan, and steroids.