Objective: To investigate the second-hand smoke behavior at home among smokers, so as to provide the reference for developing home tobacco control strategies. Methods: Permanent residents who were smokers and at the ages of 15 years and above were sampled from 10 streets (townships) in Xuhui District, Shanghai Municipality using the multi-stage random sampling and population-size proportional sampling methods in 2022. Demographic information, smoking status, awareness of second-hand smoke hazards and second-hand smoke behavior at home were collected by questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting second-hand smoke behavior at home were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 024 smokers were surveyed, including 769 males (75.10%) and 255 females (24.90%). The awareness of hazards of second-hand smoke was 33.59%; the awareness rate of second-hand smoke causing lung cancer in adults was the highest at 76.76%, while the awareness rate of second-hand smoke leading to premature birth and low birth weight in newborns was the lowest at 39.45%. There were 459 smokers with second-hand smoke behavior at home, accounting for 44.82%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that occupation (the retired, OR=2.320, 95%CI: 1.276-4.218), frequency of smoking (often, OR=5.722, 95%CI: 3.977-8.231), smoking duration (a year and above, OR=10.089, 95%CI: 5.508-18.480), electronic cigarette use (occasionally, OR=2.994, 95%CI: 1.283-6.986), living with pregnant women or infants (no, OR=2.171, 95%CI: 1.367-3.448), family indoor smoking restrictions (no restriction, OR=13.926, 95%CI: 7.538-25.727) and awareness of second-hand smoke hazards (unknown, OR=1.562, 95%CI: 1.067-2.287) were the influencing factors for second-hand smoke behavior at home. Conclusion There were 44.82% smokers in Xuhui District with second-hand smoke behavior at home, which was influenced by occupation, living situation, smoking status, family indoor smoking restriction and awareness of second-hand smoke hazards.

Objective We are going to establish a robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric(LC-MS/MS) method for plasma aldosterone assay.Methods 324 healthy individuals were enrolled in Zhongshan Hospital from February to April in 2016 for reference interval survey.The signallinearity,lower limits of quantitation,precision and accuracy of LC-MS/MS have been evaluated.Results from LC-MS/MS and RIA methods were compared.Software SPSS17.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The performance characteristics for the method in terms of linearity,lowerlimits of quantitation,precision and accuracy were verified.Linear range of ALD were between 25-2000 pg/ml;the LC-MS/MS assay had a limit of quantitation of 20 pg/ml for ALD;the intra-and inter-assay CV of ALD were ＜10％ and ＜6％,respectively;the recovery of ALD from serum samples ranged between 97.3 and 105.8％ The reference value of ALD in health people ranged between 21-211.6 pg/ml The regression equation by LC-MS/MS (X) and RIA (Y) was:Y =0.271X + 138.900(r=0.43;n=322).Conclusion LC-MS/MS method is robust and reliable for the analysis of aldosterone in plasma and suitable for clinical application.

Objective To investigate the knowledge and attitude of nurses on prevention and intervention of common complications among bedridden patients in Chinese hospitals and to explore the influential factors.Methods It was a cross-sectional study.A total of 3 903 nurses from 6 tertiary hospitals,11 secondary hospitals and 8 primary hospitals from 6 provinces and cities were recruited by convenience sampling and surveyed using selfdesigned questionnaires.Results Nurses' average scoring rate of knowledge and attitude were 73.46％ and 85.02％.Level of hospitals,whether in ICU or not,age,working time,educational background,job title,position,employment form were influential factors for nurses' knowledge (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,level of hospitals,educational background,position,employment form were influential factors for nurses' attitude (P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses took a positive attitude for prevention and intervention of common complications among bedridden patients,while the level of nurses' knowledge should be improved.

Objective The aim of our study was to develop a robust LC-MS/MS method for determination of MN and NMN in blood plasma.Methods A liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometric ( LC-MS/MS) method was used, with signal linearity, lower limits of quantitation, precision and accuracy being evaluated.The study recruited 126 healthy volunteers, and MN and NMN in blood plasma were determined.At the same time samples from 21 patients ( 17 pheochromocytoma, 4 ectopic pheochromocytoma) , a hypertension group of 108 persons, and a control group of 84 persons were analyzed. A paired T test was used to compare the MN and NMN levels between the different groups.Results The performance characteristics for the method in terms of linearity, lower limits of quantitation, precision and accuracy were verified.Significant differences were found between the concentration levels of MN and NMN in the diseased and healthy groups.Conclusion A robust and reliable LC-MS/MS method for the determination of MN and NMN in blood plasma has been developed and was shown to be suitable for clinical application.

Objective To observe and explore the effects of different tidal volume (VT) ventilation on right ventricular (RV) function in patients with critical respiratory failure.Methods Consecutive respiratory failure patients who were treated with invasive ventilator over 24 h in the Department of Critical Care Medicine at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June to December in 2015 were enrolled in this study.Clinical data including patients′ vital signs, ventilator parameters and RV echocardiography were collected within 6 h (D0), day1(D1), day2 (D2) and day3 (D3) after ventilation started.According to the VT, patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were assigned to low VT group [S6, ≤6 ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW)] and high VT group (L6, >6 ml/kg PBW), while non-ARDS patients were also assigned to low VT group (S8, ≤8 ml/kg PBW) and high VT group (L8, >8 ml/kg PBW).Results A total of 84 patients were enrolled in this study.44.2% ARDS patients and 58.5% non-ARDS patients were in low VT groups.After ventilation, tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion(TAPSE)decreased progressively in S6 [from 18.30(16.70,20.70) mm to 17.55(15.70,19.50) mm, P=0.001], L6 [from 19.50(17.00,21.00) mm to 16.30(15.00,18.00) mm P=0.001], S8[from 18.00(16.00,21.00) mm to 16.50(15.50,18.00) mm, P=0.001] and L8 [from 19.00(17.50,21.50) mm to 16.35(15.15,17.00) mm, P=0.001] groups.However, TAPSE decreased less in small VT groups (S6 and S8) than those of in large VT groups (S8 and L8) without significant differences.There were not statistical differences between different VT groups in terms of ventilation days, including right ventricle area/left ventricle area (RVarea/LVarea),TAPSE,peak mitral flow velocity of the early rapid filling wave (E),peak mitral flow velocity of the late rapid filling wave (A),early diastolic velocity of the tricuspid annulus (e′),pulmonary artery systolic pressure,inferior vena cava diameter (all P>0.05).Compared to L6 group, low VT (S6 group) resulted in decreased mortality at 28 days [1/19 vs 37.5%(9/24), P=0.014].There were not statistical differences between different VT groups in terms of ventilation days, length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay (all P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that VT could be the independent factor of TAPSE (OR=1.104,95%CI 0.100-1.003,P=0.049).Conclusions Positive pressure mechanical ventilation resulted in RV systolic dysfunction.Lower VT may have the protective effect on RV function.Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-POC-15007563.

Objective:To explore the effects of Nie Ji tuina combined with acupoint massage on cellular immune function in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 96 children in the hospital were enrolled as the observation objects between June 2020 and October 2021. According to random number table method, they were divided into control group (acupoint massage) and observation group (Nie Ji tuina combined with acupoint massage), 48 in each group. All were treated for 8 weeks and followed up for 8 months. TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The levels of CD4 +, CD8 + and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. The frequency of RRTI attacks during follow-up was observed, and the clinical curative effect was evaluated. Results:There was no significant difference in total response rate between observation group and control group [93.75% (45/48) vs. 81.25% (39/48); χ2=3.43, P=0.064]. After treatment, scores of TCM syndromes (cough, fatigue, shortness of breath and laziness to speak, spontaneous sweating) were significantly lower in observation group than control group ( t=3.95, 9.64, 7.68, 8.34, P<0.01). After treatment, levels of CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 + were increased ( P<0.01), while CD8 + level was decreased in both groups ( P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). During follow-up, observation group times of recurrence attacks were fewer than those in the control group ( t=10.60, P<0.01). Conclusion:Nie Ji tuina combined with acupoint massage can improve disease resistance ability and reduce RRTI frequency in children.

Objective To prepare a nano drug(PFOB@Lip-MMC)with liposome as the carrier,liquid perfluorooc-tyl bromide(PFOB)as core and mitomycin C(MMC)loading on the liposome shell and study its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human pterygium fibroblasts(HPFs).Methods The thin film dispersion-hydration ultrasonic method was used to prepare PFOB@Lip-MMC and detect its physical and chemical properties.Cell Counting Kit-8,Cam-PI cell viability staining and flow cytometry were employed to detect the impact of different concentrations of PFOB@Lip-MMC on the via-bility of HPFs.DiI fluorescence labeled PFOB@Lip-MMC was used to observe the permeability of the nano drug to HPFs under a laser confocal microscope.After establishing HPF inflammatory cell models,they were divided into the control group(with sterile phosphate-buffered saline solution added),PFOB@Lip group(with PFOB@Lip added),MMC group(with MMC added),PFOB@Lip-MMC group(with PFOB@Lip-MMC added)and normal group(with fresh culture medi-um added)according to the experimental requirements.After co-incubation for 24 h,flow cytometer was used to detect the apoptosis rate of inflammatory cells,and the gene expression levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,prostaglandin E2(PGE2),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in cells were analyzed by PCR.Results The average particle size and Zeta potential of PFOB@Lip-MMC were(103.45±2.17)nm and(27.34±1.03)mV,respec-tively,and its entrapped efficiency and drug loading rate were(72.85±3.28)％and(34.27±2.04)％,respectively.The sustained-release MMC of drug-loaded nanospheres reached(78.34±2.92)％in vitro in a 24-hour ocular surface environ-ment.The biological safety of PFOB@Lip-MMC significantly improved compared to MMC.In terms of the DiI fluorescence labeled PFOB@Lip-MMC,after co-incubation with inflammatory HPFs for 2 h,DiI fluorescence labeling was diffusely dis-tributed in the cytoplasm of inflammatory HPFs.The apoptosis rate of inflammatory HPFs in the PFOB@Lip-MMC group[(77.23±4.93)％]was significantly higher than that in the MMC group[(51.62±3.28)％].The PCR examination results showed that the gene transcription levels of IL-1 β,PGE2,TNF-α and VEGF in other groups were significantly reduced com-pared to the control group and PFOB@Lip group,with the most significant decrease in the PFOB@Lip-MMC group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion In this study,a novel nano drug(PFOB@LIP-MMC)that inhibited the proliferation of HPFs was successfully synthesized,and its cytotoxicity was significantly reduced compared to the original drugs.It has good bio-compatibility and anti-inflammatory effects,providing a new treatment approach for reducing the recurrence rate after pte-rygium surgery.

Objective To analyze the predictive value of serum interleukin-27 (IL-27) for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from unrelated donors. Methods Serum samples were collected from 72 patients after receiving allo-HSCT from unrelated donors during January to December 2012. Serum samples collected from 70 patients received allo-HSCT in 2013 were used for confirmation. All patients received myeloablative conditioning regimen prior to allo-HSCT. Cyclosporin A (CsA)+mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)+short-term methotrexate (MTX) were used for GVHD prophylaxis. Serum IL-27 levels in patients with aGVHD were measured by ELISA. The pre-dictive value of IL-27 index,defined as the ratio of serum IL-27 level at neutrophil engraftment to that before pre-conditioning regimen, for allogeneic HSCT was retrospectively analyzed. Results Serum IL-27 index was significantly decreased in patients with gradeⅡ-ⅣaGVHD(grade 0-Ⅰ : 1.89±0.68 vs gradeⅡ-Ⅳ :1.26±0.49;P<0.000 1). IL-27 index had good value for grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD (AUC=0.782,95% CI:0.675-0.889,P<0.001). Patients with a lower serum IL-27 index (<1.33) were more likely to have a higher cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD than those with a higher serum IL-27 index (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that low IL-27 index was the most significant risk factor for gradeⅡ-Ⅳ aGVHD (HR=4.50,95% CI:2.1-9.8,P<0.01). These findings were consistent with the results found in the serum samples collected in 2013. Conclusion Low IL-27 index could be used to predict the incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute GVHD after allo-HSCT from unrelated donors.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of midazolam and dexmedetomidine/propofol for the sedation of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation， and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， Cochrane Library， Clinical trials. gov， China Journal Full Text Database， Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database， Wanfang database and China Biomedical Literature Database， the data on the efficacy and safety of midazolam and dexmetomidine/propofol for the sedation of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation were collected from the establishment of the database to March 31， 2023. After extracting data from clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria， the meta-analysis was conducted by using the RevMan 5.3 statistical software. RESULTS A total of 31 literature were included， with a total of 2 765 patients. Results of meta-analysis showed that the mechanical ventilation time [MD＝14.13， 95%CI （13.75， 14.52）， P＜0.000 01] and the length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit [MD＝0.92， 95%CI （0.54， 1.30）， P＜0.000 01] of patients in the midazolam group was longer than dexmedetomidine/ propofol group. The incidence of bradycardia in midazolam group was lower dexmedetomidine/propofol group [OR＝0.60， 95%CI （0.41， 0.90）， P＝0.01]， but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of hypotension between the two groups [OR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.47， 1.01）， P＝0.06]. The incidence of delirium [OR＝3.88， 95%CI （2.74， 5.49）， P＜0.000 01]， ventilator- associated pneumonia [OR＝2.32， 95%CI （1.19， 4.51）， P＝0.01]， and respiratory depression [OR＝5.70， 95%CI （3.09， 10.52）， P＜0.000 01] in midazolam group were higher than dexmedetomidine/propofol group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with dexmedetomidine/propofol， midazolam increases patients’ mechanical ventilation time and the length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit in terms of efficacy， and increases the risk of delirium and pulmonary complications in terms of safety， but has a smaller cardiovascular impact.

TSCI have dyskinesia and sensory disturbance that can cause various life-threaten complications. The patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Based on the epidemiology of TSCI and domestic and foreign literatures as well as expert investigations, this expert consensus reviews the definition, injury classification, rehabilitation assessment, rehabilitation strategies and rehabilitation measures of TSCI so as to provide early standardized rehabilitation treatment methods for TSCI.