Objective To investigate the knowledge and attitude of nurses on prevention and intervention of common complications among bedridden patients in Chinese hospitals and to explore the influential factors.Methods It was a cross-sectional study.A total of 3 903 nurses from 6 tertiary hospitals,11 secondary hospitals and 8 primary hospitals from 6 provinces and cities were recruited by convenience sampling and surveyed using selfdesigned questionnaires.Results Nurses' average scoring rate of knowledge and attitude were 73.46％ and 85.02％.Level of hospitals,whether in ICU or not,age,working time,educational background,job title,position,employment form were influential factors for nurses' knowledge (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,level of hospitals,educational background,position,employment form were influential factors for nurses' attitude (P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses took a positive attitude for prevention and intervention of common complications among bedridden patients,while the level of nurses' knowledge should be improved.

Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines varies greatly during the different flu seasons. Although the WHO assesses and updates influenza vaccine strains every year, the effectiveness of vaccine is sometimes not good. This review explores the various factors that influencing influenza vaccine effects in order to improve the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and provide a scientific basis for influenza vaccination. The results reveal that the degree of matching between epidemic strains and vaccine strains, pre-exposure (natural infection, vaccination), age, and immune status could all affect the vaccine effectiveness.

Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines varies greatly during the different flu seasons. Although the WHO assesses and updates influenza vaccine strains every year, the effectiveness of vaccine is sometimes not good. This review explores the various factors that influencing influenza vaccine effects in order to improve the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and provide a scientific basis for influenza vaccination. The results reveal that the degree of matching between epidemic strains and vaccine strains, pre-exposure (natural infection, vaccination), age, and immune status could all affect the vaccine effectiveness.

There are many limitations in evaluating vaccine efficacy by comparing the incidence of clinical endpoint events (such as morbidity, bacterial colonization) between the vaccine group and the control group. Therefore, the researchers put forward the concept of Surrogate of protection to predict vaccine protection with immunological indicators. In 2012, WHO put forward the immunological substitution endpoint of pneumococcal vaccine, using 0. 35 μg/ml as the protective antibody level of pneumococcal vaccine. But subsequent studies have found that using this threshold to assess all vaccine serotypes may not be accurate.

There are many limitations in evaluating vaccine efficacy by comparing the incidence of clinical endpoint events (such as morbidity, bacterial colonization) between the vaccine group and the control group. Therefore, the researchers put forward the concept of Surrogate of protection to predict vaccine protection with immunological indicators. In 2012, WHO put forward the immunological substitution endpoint of pneumococcal vaccine, using 0. 35 μg/ml as the protective antibody level of pneumococcal vaccine. But subsequent studies have found that using this threshold to assess all vaccine serotypes may not be accurate.

This paper summarizes the concept of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and bundle care strategies, as well as the progress in studies on bundle care strategies in preventing CAUTI. This paper also proposes the solution to the problems found in carrying out bundle care strategies for CAUTI, which integrates studies, practice and management in an effort to prevent CAUTI and improve patients' quality of life.

Objective To investigate the status and analyze its influencing factors of nursing care satisfaction among bedridden patients and provide basis for improving nursing service strategy.Methods By means of cross-sectional survey, a total of 25 hospitals (6 ClassⅢ hospitals, 11 ClassⅡ hospitals and 8 ClassⅠ hospitals) in 6 provinces and cities of eastern, central and western China were selected according to the regional distribution. A total of 23985 patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit, Neurosurgery Department, Department of Orthopedics and other departments in the hospital from November 2015 to March 2016 were continuously investigated. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the satisfaction degree of bedridden patients. A total of 21171 patients completed the investigation. SAS 9.4 was used for statistical analysis. The single factor analysis usedt test and variance analysis, and the multiple regression model was established by entry method to identify the factors affecting nursing care satisfaction among bedridden patients.Results The overall score of nursing satisfaction was (38.04±3.40), and 98.14％ bedridden patients were satisfied with nursing care. The results of single factor analysis showed that the difference of age, gender, education degree, payment way, hospital ranking, with or without complications, bed resting duration and hospitalization duration were statistically significant (P<0.001). The results of multi factor analysis showed that the factors affecting the satisfaction of the patients were age, gender, education degree, hospitalization duration, bed resting duration and hospital ranking (P<0.001).Conclusions The nursing care satisfaction of bedridden patients is relatively good in the whole of China. Basic nursing care and health education should be further strengthened in order to meet patient's nursing needs and improve the ability of self health management.

There are many limitations in evaluating vaccine efficacy by comparing the incidence of clinical endpoint events (such as morbidity, bacterial colonization) between the vaccine group and the control group. Therefore, the researchers put forward the concept of Surrogate of protection to predict vaccine protection with immunological indicators. In 2012, WHO put forward the immunological substitution endpoint of pneumococcal vaccine, using 0. 35 μg/ml as the protective antibody level of pneumococcal vaccine. But subsequent studies have found that using this threshold to assess all vaccine serotypes may not be accurate.

TSCI have dyskinesia and sensory disturbance that can cause various life-threaten complications. The patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Based on the epidemiology of TSCI and domestic and foreign literatures as well as expert investigations, this expert consensus reviews the definition, injury classification, rehabilitation assessment, rehabilitation strategies and rehabilitation measures of TSCI so as to provide early standardized rehabilitation treatment methods for TSCI.