Prediabetes is an abnormal condition between normal glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is an indicator of high-risk state of prediabetes. Positive interventions of IGT, including life style changes and pharmacological intervention, can effectively postpone and reduce the development of prediabetes into type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting that IGT is a key point of diabetes prevention. Currently, pharmacological intervention for prediabetes is still at early stage. In this review, we summarizes recent clinical and preclinical studies on pharmacological intervention for prediabetes, and studies in the development of animal models with IGT and the application of new techniques. We also discuss the prospects of drugs for diabetes prevention, especially with the traditional Chinese medicine.

Urinary tract infections remain the most frequent infection in patients with either traumatic or nontraumatic spinal cord inju-ry. The urinary tract infections are closely related to impaired bladder storage, voiding dysfunction, and use of indwelling catheters after spi-nal cord injury. Repeated urinary tract infections can cause upper urinary tract deterioration, and related chronic or repeated exposure to the antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections increases the risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization. Therefore, it is important to de-termine appropriate urinary tract infections treatment in spinal cord injury patients who are admitted to rehabilitation hospitals. The limita-tions of the usual measures in prevention of urinary tract infections in this population have led the way to explore more innovative modali-ties and approaches. We reviewed the researches of urinary tract infections on spinal cord injury. It is presented to provide reference for clini-cal diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To evaluate the domestic made penile prosthesis for the management of erectile dysfunction. Methods The domestic made three piece inflatable prosthesis has been implanted to 20 ED patients from 1997 to 2001. Results The overall complication rate was 20% (4/20), nonmechanical in 4 (20%) and there has been no mechanical complication.Infection after operation occurred in 1 case (5%). The penile prosthesis penetrated out in 3(15%). Conclusions The mechanical function and concealment have been significantly improved with the domestic made three piece inflatable penile prosthesis.

Objective　To evaluate the correlation between the sound pressure and intensity output by ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and received by the embryo in the uterus.Methods　The transient sound parameter and sound field parameter inside the uterus in pregnant rats irradiated by transabdominal color Doppler we re measured with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric sensor.Results　There was a significant difference in the maximal p+(pea k-positive acoustic pressure),p-(peak-negative acoustic pressure),Ispta(inten sity spatial peak temporal peak), Ispta(intensity peak temporal average),Im(int ensity maximum) measured between inside the uterus and in water free field by va rious kinds probes(2.5 MHz,3.5 MHz,7.0 MHz).Conclusions　The irradiation received by the embryo in uterus was smaller than the output of ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.

Objective To evaluate the application effect of teaching-picture archiving and communication system (T-PACS) in training image reading ability of eight-year-program students. Methods Sixty students were divided into two groups: control group (applying traditional teaching method) and experimental group (applying traditional teaching method and T-PACS) when doing clinical medical image reading ability training. Making multimedia teaching movie, clinical image reading teaching and establishing image database by T-PACS were used in experiment group. Mean-while, reading room was set up and classroom teaching and problem-oriented assignments were in-creased. Finally objective evaluation of image recognition ability and questionnaire were used to compare the teaching effect. Measurement data were expressed as x±s. Total scores of image reading were am-alyzed by t test. Full score rates were analyzed by X2 test. Results The results showed that the score of medical image reading ability was higher in experimental group (90.08±4.52) than in control group (86.92±4.68) (P=0.010). There were differences in respiratory and orthopedic full score rate (P=0.006;P=0.035). Most students thought that application of T-PACS could effectively improve the teaching and learning quality. Conclusions Application of T-PACS can improve the medical image reading ability of eight-year-program medical students and is worth further promoting.

Objective To obtain monoclonal antibodies(McAb) against human IgE by recombinant IgE antigen.Methods BLAB/c mice were immunized with recombinant IgE.The spleen cells of immunized mice were used to prepare the McAb by hybridoma techniques.IgE-McAb was selected by indirect ELISA with culture supernatant of hybridoma cells.ELISA blocking assay were employed to identify the function of McAb.Alanine scanning mutagenesis were used to confirm the antigenic epitopes of McAb.Results A monoclonal antibody against IgE(178) was produced.The antigenic epitope of 178 was found to be spatially close to the receptor-binding site.Functional assay revealed that 178 could markedly inhibit IgE binding to receptors.Conclusion A hybridoma cell line secreting IgE-McAb stably was obtained by recombinant IgE antigen,and the IgE-McAb might block IgE binding to receptors via steric hindrance.

Dig-DNA probes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome vinus M S gene fragment were prepared by PCR and random primer labeling, The probes had speciality to HFRSV-RNA and could detect 10pg RNA by RNA-DNA dot-blot hybridization. The results of hybridization showed that positive reactions were found in 5, 10 chigger mites groups from antigenic positive rats, 10 mites group from antigenic negative rats, 10, 50 free chigger mites, and hung of antigenic positive mice 100mg, 500mg. But negative reation in 5 mites group from antigenic negative mice.

To evaluate the application of intracavitary three-dimensional ultrasonography in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). The three-dimensional volumes of ovary were measured by intracavitary ultrasonography in 40 PCOS patients and 40 normal controls. The diagnostic value of parameters derived from three-dimensional ultrasonography was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The ovarian volume, stromal volume, and the stromal/total volume ratio in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in control group (both P ＜ 0. 05 ) ; the area under ROC curve ( AUC ) of them were 0. 876, 0. 926, 0. 886 respectively. Among these parameters, stromal volume had the highest diagnostic value for PCOS, the cut-off value of which was 7.52 cm3 with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 90%. Volume parameters of ovary measured by intracavitary three-dimensional ultrasonography can offer quantitative information for the diagnosis of PCOS.

Objective To obtain information on the application value of percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration(PESA) and percutaneous testicle sperm aspiration(PTSA) in the differentiating diagnosis of obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia.Methods Sperm recovery procedures were done in infertile men with obstructive azoospermia(OA)(n=37) and nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA)(n=28) by PESA or PTSA.Cytological smears were analysed.Results Sperm was found in the 32 epididymides and 5 testicles of OA group and in the 7 epididymides and 11 testicles of NOA group.Sperm counts were significantly different in two groups.Conclusion PESA and PTSA are efficient methods in differentiating OA and NOA.

Objective To summarize the experience in treating coronary artery fistula (CAF) by using Guglielmi detachable coils. Methods During the period from July 2009 to November 2014 at the Affiliated Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, interventional treatment of CAF by using Guglielmi detachable coils was performed in 40 patients. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The feasibility, safety and effectiveness of this technique were evaluated. Results Successful transcatheter closure of CAF with Guglielmi detachable coils was achieved in all 40 patients; the average Guglielmi detachable coils used in each patient was(2.33±1.38) coils. No procedure-related complications occurred. Intra-operative angiography showed that residual shunt completely disappeared in 12 patients (30%) and blood flow was significantly decreased in 28 patients (70%). All the patients were followed up for 1-65 months, neither complications such as recurrent bleeding and ischemia nor stenosis and occlusion of related arteries, or fistula cavity rupture occurred. Conclusion The use of Guglielmi detachable coil in interventional treatment of CAF is safe and effective, although its long-term effect needs to be further verified.