Aldehyde oxidase (AOX), a highly conserved molybdoflavoenzyme in mammal cytoplasm, has broad substrate specificity and ability to catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes and nitrogen, oxygen-containing heterocyclic rings. AOX was found to widely distribute with the individual differences in vivo and plays an important role in phase I metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. The biological characteristics of AOX and its contributions in drug metabolism are introduced briefly in this review.

Objective To investigate and compare relative blood volume (RBV) changes in dialysis-symptomatic hypotension and dialysis-refractory hypertension during hemodialysis. Methods Fifteen patients with dialysis-symptomatic hypotension (SH group) and thirteen patients with dialysis refractory hypertension (RH group) on chronic haemodialysis were enrolled in this study. RBV, blood pressure, heart rate and ultrafiltration volume (UV) were measured before hemodialysis and at 1 hour intervals during hemodialysis. Total of 149 and 146 five-hour hemodialysis sessions were performed separately. RBV was assessed using Automatic Blood Volume Monitor. Results RBV changes were significantly higher in SH group than in RH group (P

As a vital component in an overall laboratory animal care and use program , development of a disaster plan plays a critical role for every research institution .Currently, most of domestic institutions would draw up an“emergency operation plan , EOP”, but ignoring a practicable “business continuity plan , BCP” in establishing a disaster plan.In this article, we will discusse about the definition of disaster , how to set up an EOP, and how to establish a thorough BCP , in order to show an integrated and professional disaster plan in laboratory animal care and use program .

Objective To summarize the experience of intraoperative rapid parathyroid hormone (PTH) detection by immunochromatography in thyroid surgery.Methods Patients undergoing thyroid surgery in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from Nov.2016 to Jul.2017 were collected and the clinical data including level of blood calcium,serum phosphorus and PTH,and pathological findings were analyzed.Results In this study,im munochromatographic assay was used in 45 cases (experimental group) and nano carbon method was used in 47 cases (control group).In benign cases,levels of blood calcium and PTH in experimental group were higher than those in the control group ((2.07±0.09) vs (2.04±0.06) and (3.41±1.82) vs (3.34±1.84),P＞0.05).In malignant cases,blood calcium level in experimental group was higher than that in the control group ((2.02±0.13) vs (1.99±0.38),P＞0.05) and PTH level was significantly higher than that in the control group ((2.22±1.27) vs (1.44±1.44),P＜0.05).Serum phosphorus level in experimental group group was much lower than that in the control group ((1.02±0.17) vs (1.14±0.23),P＜0.05).Conclusions Using intraoperative rapid PTH detection by immunochromatography can identify parathyroid and avoid accidental injury of parathyroid gland,which can reduce the postoperative incidence of hypocalcemia.

Antigens, Bacterial ; immunology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; immunology ; Signal Transduction ; immunology ; Vaccines, Subunit ; immunology

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of twice-weekly hemodialysis patients.Methods Data were collected from Shanghai Renal Registry.A total of 1288 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) with dialysis adequacy index and other biochemical parameters in Shanghai in January 2007 were enrolled into the cohort study with 2 years follow-up.Clinical characteristics and outcome of twice-weekly HD patients were analyzed as compared with thrice-weekly HD patients.Results Compared with patients on thrice-weekly HD,the twice-weekly HD patients were significantly younger and had significantly shorter HD vintage,smaller body surface area,longer HD session time,higher single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and serum albumin but lower weekly Kt/V (P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in ultrafiltration volume between two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that both groups had similar two-year survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age,body mass index,serum albumin and weekly Kt/V were predictors of patient mortality.Conclusion It is acceptable for some hemodialys patients with twice-weekly HD,and close monitor of dialysis adequacy and volume status is necessary for this therapy model.

A total of 104 patients with polycystic ovarian changes on ultrasound were divided into polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and polycystic ovaries (PCO) groups according to their clinical symptoms and endocrine examinations.And 40 women with normal ovulation served as the controls.Ovarian volume (OV),ovarian stroma area (SA),ovarian total area (TA) and SA/TA ratio were measured by transvaginal uhrasonography.Their endocrine hormone levels were determined.Patients with PCOS showed significantly higher OV,SA,TA and SA/TA than those of PCO and control groups.SA/TA was positively correlated with testosterone.The median serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibit B in the PCO group were intermediate between those in control and PCOS groups.AMH and inhibin B of PCOS were higher than the PCO and control groups.It indicated that the levels of AMH and inhibit B were associated with the degree of polycystic ovaries and they could be used to differentiate PCOS and PCO.SA/TA is associated with the elevated serum testosterone of PCO.And SA/TA is an important ultrasonic parameter for diagnosing PCOS.

BACKGROUND:Nowadays, growth factors are commonly used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. However, this is a high-cost method with a great amount of growth factors. In addition, the chondrogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells wil decrease significantly with increasing times of culture. OBJECTIVE:To observe the directed differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with human synovial fluid. METHODS:Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured by adherence screening method. The synovial fluid of the knee was aspirated from healthy volunteers by aseptic operation. Passage 3 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with the fol owing media:synovial fluid+complete medium;synovial fluid+bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells+complete medium;bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells+complete medium. The morphology and growth of the cells were observed under an inverted microscope every day. At days 7, 14 and 21 of induction, toluidine blue staining and immunocytochemical staining were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After co-culture with human synovial fluid, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferated slowly, and varied from fusiform to oval or polygonal;toluidine blue and col agen II staining were positive. These findings indicate that the synovial fluid has a positive role in the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The synovial fluid may contain substances that promote the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of angiopoietin receptor Tie-2 in the renal tissue of diabetic rats and the effects of Astragalus. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes group and Astragalus-treated group. The expression of receptor Tie-2 in the renal tissue was assessed by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Glomerule Tie-2 protein expression was significantly elevated in the diabetes group as compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). Glomerule Tie-2 protein expression in the Astragalus-treated group was decreased as compared with the diabetes group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Tie-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the early stage diabetic renal injury. The reno-protection effect of Astragalus may be mediated by down-regulating the expression of Tie-2 in the kidney tissue of diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the role of recombinant human interleukin 6 (rhlL-6) in calcification and osteogenic transition of cultured human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMC), and the possible cell signal transduction way. Methods HUASMCs were isolated by the explant method. HUASMCs were treated with (treatment groups) or without (control group) rhIL-6. Alizarin Red S stain was applied for calcium deposition in extracellular matrix of control ceils and the cells treated with rhIL-6 50 μg/L at day 12. Calcium concentration in cell layer of control group and treatment group (treated with rhIL-6 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L, respectively) was determined calorimetrically by the o-cresolphthalein complexone method at day 3, 6, 9 and 12, and corrected by total cell proteins. The mRNA expressions of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were estimated by real-time PCR in 12, 24 and 72 hours. OPN, BMP2 and OPG expressions were assessed by Western blotting and the BAP concentration at the same time was checked by fluorometry method . Electrophoretie mobility shift assays (EMSA) was used to detect the binding activity of transcription factor Cbfα1 with or without inhibitors of p38-MAPK (SB203580) and PKC (DHC) after 6 hours stimulation by rhIL-6 10 μg/L. Results rhIL-6 induced a positive Alizarin Red S stain and a time-dose-dependent increasing of cell layer calcium deposition.Compared with control group, rhIL-6 10 μg/L enhanced gene expression and protein levels of BAP and BMP2 at the early time (12 and 24 hours), and of OPN and OPG at later hours (24 and 72 hours). RhIL-6 still induced an increasing of binding activity of Cbfα1, which could be partially blocked by DHC but not SB203580. Conclusions rhIL-6 induces HUASMCs calcification and osteogenie transition in vitro, which may be one of the mechanism involved in IL-6 associated vascular calcification as observed in clinical studies. The role of IL-6 in HUASMCs may partially achieved through the PKC cell signal transduction way.