Objective To investigate the bacteria spectrum and prognosis of exit-site infection in peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Perfect exit, equivocal exit, exit-site infection (ESI) and tunnel infection (TI) were classified. Incidence of ESI, bacteria spectrum, treatment effect and prognosis were statistic. Results Sixty-nine patients' exits were examined monthly, twenty-one episodes of ESI were occurred during eighteen months. Main pathogens of exit-site infection were staphylococcus aureus (47. 6% ) and pseudomonas aeruginosa(28. 6% ) . Seventeen episodes of ESI were cured. Four episodes of ESI accompanied with tunnel infections. TI rate diagnosed by clinical observation and ultrasound was 0. 012/patient-year and 0. 036/patient-year respectively. Conclusions The outcome of catheters is associated with the regiment of bacteria. Tunnel infection often occurs in whom with a long time exit-site infection. Ultrasound examination can clarify the diagnosis simply and quickly.

Objective To study the gene and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and its inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC), and the possible role of high glucose in submesothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation during peritoneal dialysis (PD) . Methods Primary HPMC was isolated from spent peritoneal dialysis effluent collected from PD patients. After HPMC confluence, the cells were detached by trypsinization and passaged into 25 cm2 tissue-culture flasks. The effect of high glucose and hyperosmolarity on the gene expression of MMP2, TIMP1 and TIMP2 in HPMC was studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry and zymography were used to measure the protein expression of MMP/TIMP in HPMC. Results HPMC expressed MMP2, TIMP1, TIMP2 at both gene and protein levels. 4. 25% glucose significantly up-regulated TIMP1 gene expression in HPMC( P

Objective]To appreciate Professor Lin's rigorous attitude of research,discuss and analyze his research findings in Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, academic thinking and achievements. [Methods]We put in order his academic papers,articles,as well as the materials science books of half a century, followed Professor Lin's visiting and studying across the country,summed up and gave comparative analysis as well as referring to detailed quotation and abstract.[Results]Professor Lin,about the spirit of learning,concentrated on the research thoroughly,made his academic achievement gradually and improved himself step by step.He had extensive interest and wide reading,committed to inheritance and improvement.His academic thinking reflected the value of history,respected tradition and followed the code and had comprehensive and innovative advantages.In his professional field,he also showed a wonderful career ethics such as caring for the people, simple prescription, attention to compatibility of Chinese Medicinal Herbs and thought highly of the classics. His academic achievements included textbooks and monographs, medical history and the history of medicine,herbal cuisine and tea treatment, as well as studies of both prescriptions and pharmacies since ancient times till now.All his achievements involved culture both at home and abroad. [Conclusion] Professor Lin Qianliang was born of poor parentage, but he concentrated on studies. He has excellent academic attitude and rich academic achievements,a wide rang of knowledge,which is worth learning and passing on to the younger generations.

During the past few years, it was found that hemophiliacs suffered from AIDS increasingly from year to year. The first case of hemophilia with AIDS was found in the fourth quater of 1981. Eight cases of hemophilia occurred in 1982, and 12 cases of AIDS were found in the hemophiliacs in 1983. The goal of this paper was to test the titer of CMV, EBV, HTLV and EA in the blood stream of hemophiliacs. Hemophiliacs had much higher sensitivity to CMV and EBV than the healthy control. There was a significant difference between these hemophiliacs without any symptoms of AIDS and healthy man. The relationship between hemophilia and AIDS and the cause that the hemophiliac suffers from AIDS are discussed.

Objective To clarify whether the peritoneal equilibration test (PET)-determined solute transport groups defined by Twardowski fits patients in our medical center. Methods 158 initial standardized PET data since 1995 was selected and proportions of four transport groups were calculated according to Twardowski's criterion. Using the mean and standard deviations of 4-hour dialysis/plasma ratio of creatinine (D/Pcr), transport groups of our patients were re-determined. Patients were classified as follow: according to both two criteria, patients whose 4-hour D/Pcr in the range of high transport, low transport and average transport were classified as group H1, group L1 and group A, respectively; several average transport patients who changed to low transport after re-evaluation were classified as group L2; high transport patients who changed to average transport were classified as group H2. Every group was compared with clinical status in order to evaluate which criterion fit our patients. Results The 4-hour D/Pcr was 0. 70 ?0. 14 in our patients. The proportion of high, high-average, low-average and low transport were 21.5%, 44.9%, 17.8% and 5. 7% according to Twardowski's and 14. 6% , 33.5%, 33.5% and 18. 4% after re-evaluation. The ultrafiltration volume in group L2 was significantly higher than that in group A ( P

Objective To investigate if the mechanism of high glucose and losartan in mediating the expression of Smad in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) and the possible management of HPMC. Methods Peritoneum was obtained from patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. HPMCs were incubated in medium containing different concentrations of dextrose, mannitol (1. 5%, 2. 5% , 4. 25% ) and combination with dextrose and losartan. TGF-?1 in supernatant was detected by ELISA and HPMCs were collected to examine Smad family expression with RT-PCR and Western Blot. Results (1) High glucose up-regulated the expression of Smad 2 at both gene and protein levels, especially in 2. 5% and 4. 25% dextrose groups (P

Objective To investigate and compare relative blood volume (RBV) changes in dialysis-symptomatic hypotension and dialysis-refractory hypertension during hemodialysis. Methods Fifteen patients with dialysis-symptomatic hypotension (SH group) and thirteen patients with dialysis refractory hypertension (RH group) on chronic haemodialysis were enrolled in this study. RBV, blood pressure, heart rate and ultrafiltration volume (UV) were measured before hemodialysis and at 1 hour intervals during hemodialysis. Total of 149 and 146 five-hour hemodialysis sessions were performed separately. RBV was assessed using Automatic Blood Volume Monitor. Results RBV changes were significantly higher in SH group than in RH group (P

Objective To explore the clinical technique and curative effect of tissue expansion in repairing soft tissue defects of eyelid.Methods Repair of eyelid defects with tissue expansion was performed in 21 patients(21 eyes)from Apr.2004 to Apr.2009,in whom there were 9 males and 12 females,aged 6-48 years(mean 29),in a course of 6 months to 23 years.Twelve defects were in upper eyelid and 9 in lower eyelid.The areas of eyelid scars ranged from 5mm?20mm to 30mm?50mm,and 10 patients were with ectropion of eyelid due to cicatrical contraction.Tissue expanders sized 30-100ml were implanted beneath the normal skin adjacent to lesions of eyelids,and normal saline solution was periodically injected for 3 to 4 months to slowly expand the overlying skin.Then the expanders were removed,and different sizes of adjacent expanded skin flaps were used with rotation to repair the eyelid defects and restore normal position of palpebral margins.Results Satisfactory wound healing was obtained in all the 21 patients with no complication.Sixteen patients were followed-up for 1 to 16 months(mean 10 months),in them the expanded flap survived nicely with acceptable cosmetic result,and the postoperative scar was not conspicuous.No recurrence of ectropion occurred except one with mild ectropion due to termination of expanding treatment by the patient.Conclusion Tissue expansion technique is a reconstructive option for eyelid defects.

Objective To analysis the clinical outcomes in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods The data of 58 PD patients survived more than 3 years from January 1994 to August 2003 in our hospital were reviewed. According to their different clinical outcomes, the patients were divided into four groups:continuous PD group, transplant group,hemodialysis (HD) group and death group. The recent nutritional index, such as serum albumin, and the recent dialysis adequacy index, including fluid removal and residual renal function, were evaluated. The "predeath values" of 1/2 year and 1 year prior to death in the death group were compared. 12-month PD indices in continuous PD patients were reviewed retrospectively and the same indices over a 12-month period of time were followed up. Results The recent total Kt/V in death group was significantly lowered than that in the other three groups (P

BACKGROUND:It is convenient to fabricate porcelain veeners using chairside computer aided design/computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) system. However, the color of the restorations is not ideal when the veener is cemented immediately, so different surface treatments are needed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of different surface treatments on the color of chairside porcelain veneers made of CEREC Blocs and the color match between the porcelain veneers and teeth. METHODS:Five fresh extracted maxillary central incisors were selected and prepared. Twenty-five 0.6 mm porcelain veneer specimens were fabricated with Sirona CEREC Blocs by chairside CAD/CAM system, and then randomized into five groups. Untreated specimens served as control group. The other four groups were treated respectively by polishing, glazing, glazing after polishing or staining. The color parameters of specimens and the teeth were measured with ShadeEye NCC on the middle 1/3 region of labial surfaces, and color differences (ΔE) between the specimens and teeth were calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the L* value of the glazing, glazing after polishing and staining groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The L* value of the staining group was the lowest. The a* and b* values had no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the ΔE values of glazing, glazing after polishing and staining groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the ΔE value of the staining group was the lowest. The ΔL* values of glazing, glazing after polishing and staining groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the ΔL* value of the staining group was the lowest. Compared with the control group, only the Δb* value of staining group was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The Δa* values did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). These results suggest that the chairside porcelain veneers made of CEREC Blocs can obtain satisfactory aesthetic appearance by glazing and staining.