Objective To assess peritonitis rate in peritoneal dialysis. Methods The peritonitis rate from 1999 Aug. 1st to 2004 Jun 30th in Renji Peritoneal Dialysis Center was analyzed retrospectively. Various methods including cohort-specific peritonitis incidence, negative binomial distribution model, median subject-specific peritonitis incidence and peritonitis-free survival were used for the analysis. Results Cohort-specific peritonitis incidence was 1756. 14 patient-month, the mean peritonitis rate estimated using the negative binomial model was 1/49.58 patient-month, median subject-specific peritonitis rate was 0, mean peritonitis-free survival time was 39. 71 months, the peritonitis-free time was inversely correlated with subject-specific peritonitis rate(P

Objective:To investigate types of learning disabilities in primary school children and do intervention to improve the situation.Methods:Four primary schools in Pudong district were investigated. Among the 1572 students from grade 2 to grade 4, 15.7% had learning disability. They were divided into intervention group and control group by means of cluster sampling.Comprehensive intervention lasted for 1 year, then we did the follow up in both groups.Results:Among the children with learning disabilities,one third were mix type with reading, calculation and spelling difficulties at the same time. After one-year intervention, the rate of improvement was 57%, their academic score and IQ improved significantly than before and than control group.Conclusions:Nearly 16% primary school children have learning disability, the most common type is the mix one. Comprehensive intervention can help more than half of them to improve their learning.

Objective To investigate the signalling events follow the activation of RAGE in podocytes. Methods AGE and CML generated dichloroflurescin-sensitive intracellular ROS were measured by confocal microscopy. The activation of MAP kinases family were studied using Western blotting. MCP-1 mRNA expression was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results Basal ROS was located in nucleus of starvation podocytes. AGE and CML rapidly generated intracellular ROS in podocytes. NAC pre-treated podocytes suppressed basal and inducible ROS generation and antibody for RAGE suppressed the inducible ROS. Blockage of ROS induced by NAC suppressed the expression of CML and H_2O_2-induced MCP-1. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was found in CML incubated podocytes at 10 min and was prevented by NAC or AFC. PD98058 Pre-treated podocytes partially inhibited the expression of CML-induced MCP-1 mRNA. No evidence were showed that p38 MAPK, SAPK/JNK, PI3K and PKC were involved in the signal transduction. Conclusion Activation of RAGE induces MCP-1 expression in podocytes via ROS-ERK signalling pathway.

Objectives To investigate the practical application of modified peritoneal equilibration test (modified PET) employing 4.25% glucose exchange in peritoneal dialysis patients and to assess the reference values and clinical significance of the test. Methods Modified PETs were performed in 97 patients without peritonitis for at least 4 weeks. Mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) was calculated according to the Garred model. Creatinine D/P concentration ratio at 4 hr (4 h D/Pcr), sodium D/P concentration ratio at 1 hr (1 h D/PNa+) and net ultrafiltration (nUF) were also assessed. Ultrafiltration 0.05). 4 h D/Pcr and MTACcr of modified PET were significantly correlated with 4h D/Pcr of standard PET (P

BACKGROUND:It is convenient to fabricate porcelain veeners using chairside computer aided design/computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) system. However, the color of the restorations is not ideal when the veener is cemented immediately, so different surface treatments are needed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of different surface treatments on the color of chairside porcelain veneers made of CEREC Blocs and the color match between the porcelain veneers and teeth. METHODS:Five fresh extracted maxillary central incisors were selected and prepared. Twenty-five 0.6 mm porcelain veneer specimens were fabricated with Sirona CEREC Blocs by chairside CAD/CAM system, and then randomized into five groups. Untreated specimens served as control group. The other four groups were treated respectively by polishing, glazing, glazing after polishing or staining. The color parameters of specimens and the teeth were measured with ShadeEye NCC on the middle 1/3 region of labial surfaces, and color differences (ΔE) between the specimens and teeth were calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the L* value of the glazing, glazing after polishing and staining groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The L* value of the staining group was the lowest. The a* and b* values had no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the ΔE values of glazing, glazing after polishing and staining groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the ΔE value of the staining group was the lowest. The ΔL* values of glazing, glazing after polishing and staining groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the ΔL* value of the staining group was the lowest. Compared with the control group, only the Δb* value of staining group was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The Δa* values did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). These results suggest that the chairside porcelain veneers made of CEREC Blocs can obtain satisfactory aesthetic appearance by glazing and staining.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether advanced glycation end products (AGE) induce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in mouse podocytes in vitro and the role of AGE receptor (RAGE). MethodsThe effects of AGE, CML, S100 protein and neutralizing antibody against RAGE on MCP-1 gene and protein expressions were examined by RT-PCR and ELISA in mouse podocytes. ResultsRAGE was detected in undifferentiated and differentiated podocytes. AGE and CML dose-dependently stimulated MCP-1 expression in podocytes. At 8 h of incubation, AGE-and CML-treated podocytes produced more MCP-1 than that treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), the MCP-1 concentrations being (7.44?1.01 and 8.06?0.96)ng/L for AGE and CML respectively vs (3.77?0.39)ng/L for BSA (both P

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and muscle strength, physical performance in the elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hangu district of Tianjin from April to June in 2013. Totally 1 131 subjects aged 60 years or older completed the survey. Every subject filled out a standard questionnaire and underwent grip strength test, timed up and go test (TUGT). Serum CRP concentrations were determined using chemiluminescent immunoassay kits. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship between CRP and muscle strength, physical performance. Results After adjustment for potential confounding factors including age, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, anemia, cancer and physical activity, the multiple linear regression analysis suggested that CRP levels were inversely related to handgrip strength (β'=-0.11, P<0.01), and the logistic regression analysis showed that compared with subjects in the lowest quintile, the odds ratios and 95%confidence interval of higher quintile of CRP were 1.09 (0.50, 2.39) and 2.70 (1.34, 5.66) (Ptrend<0.05) in males. However, the relationship between CRP and muscle strength, physical performance was not statistically significant in females. Conclusions In males, higher serum CRP levels were independently correlated with lower muscle strength and poor physical performance in older adults. These results suggested that inflammation-signaling pathways may play an important role in the progression of sarcopenia.

Objective To study a improved technique by releasing the orbicularis retaining ligament in orbicularis oculi muscle supension blepharoplasty. Release of the orbicularis retaining ligament could cut off the contact between orbitomalar skin and periosteum at inferior orbital rim, and carry the point of tightening orbitomalar skin in orbicularis oculi muscle supension blepharoplasty. Methods There were 409 patients with apparent orbitmalar fold. The methods of releasing orbicularis retaining ligament and orbital septum fixation were added to improve the orbicularis oculi muscle supension blepharoplasty. Results 409 cases were treated using this method over the past 3 years. All results were satisfactory. No complications were observed. Conclusion This improved method of orbicularis oculi muscle supension blepharoplasty is useful for orbitomalar skin rolling, especially for orbitmalar fold. The release allows effective redraping and upward mobilization of the orbicularis of the lower lid and the premalar soft tissues. This method is a simple, safe and effective procedure for the correction of tear trough deformity and well-demarcated lid/cheek junction in lower eyelid belpharoplasty. It is one of the best choices for lower eyelid blepharoplasty.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the recreational therapy on the ability of social communication in stroke patients. Methods58 cases of stroke patients were divided into recreational group (28 cases) and control group (30 cases). All of them received routine rehabilitation therapy, while the recreational group received the recreational therapy in addition. All patients were evaluated with Functional Independence Measure (FIM) before and after treatment. ResultsThe scores of FIM significantly improved after treatment (P<0.05) in both groups, and the scores in social communication improved more (P<0.01) in recreational group than in control group. ConclusionRecreational therapy may improve the ability of social communication more effectively for stroke patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of angiopoietin receptor Tie-2 in the renal tissue of diabetic rats and the effects of Astragalus. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes group and Astragalus-treated group. The expression of receptor Tie-2 in the renal tissue was assessed by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Glomerule Tie-2 protein expression was significantly elevated in the diabetes group as compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). Glomerule Tie-2 protein expression in the Astragalus-treated group was decreased as compared with the diabetes group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Tie-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the early stage diabetic renal injury. The reno-protection effect of Astragalus may be mediated by down-regulating the expression of Tie-2 in the kidney tissue of diabetic rats.