Dry eye is the most common ocular surface diseases encountered in the clinic.At present,a system for dry eye diagnosis and treatment has initially been formed in China,but there are still many clinical issues need to be resolved.It is important to improve the definition of dry eye and construct a more rational classification system;pay attention to the epidemiological investigation of dry eye;standardize diagnostic procedures for dry eye;establish the dry eye diagnostic criteria and the correct treatment concept.We propose to develop the clinical guidelines on dry eye classification,diagnostic criteria and treatment principles.

Objective To analyze the epidemiology of patients with diseases to be treated by internal medicine physicians present in the emergency department.Methods A retrospective analysis of the data of patients under observation in the emergency department of the affiliated hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University admitted from Jan.1 2014 through Jan.1 2015 was carried out.The records including patients' name,age,gender,type of diseases,time required for complete resolution of the disease and outcome of patients were kept.The data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 version software,and x2 test was used to compare the difference in incidence.Results There were a total of 13842 patients with 53％ male and (58.21 ± 17.43) years of average age.The highest proportion of patients kept in emergency room for observation was in 60-74 years old group.The number of patients paying a visit to the doctor peaked during 12-24 o'clock and there were two max-peaks at 18,and 22 o'clock.There was a significant increase in number of patients in March,April and Dec.with the highest number in March and the lowest number in July.Respiratory diseases,cardiovascular disease and neurological diseases were the major prevalence diseases in the seasonal spectrum accounting for 64.56％ of the total number.Between July and August,a large number of patients suffering from outbreak of allergic asthma were flocking to hospital after a shower of heavy rain.Conclusion A more attention should be paid to the middle-aged people of this kind.According to the prevalence features of the diseases,the appropriate and reasonable arrangements of medical workers & medical resources should be planned out so as to increase the survival rate of emergency patients.

Objective To investigate the long-term results of amniotic membrane transplantation for conjunctival surface reconstruction and analyze the involved microsurgical techniques and associated factors. Methods Fifty-one consecutive cases (55 eyes) with symblepharon at degree due to eye burns or Stevens-Johnson syndrome were accepted amniotic membrane transplantation after lysis of symblepharon. Results Observation time varied from 36 to 44 months (mean value, 38?4 months). Fifty-six point four percent(31/55) eyes got enough conjunctival fornix and resolution of eye movement restrict. About sixteen percent of them (9/55) recurred less symblepharon. Fifteen-five eyes of them(27.3%) recurred moderate symblepharon. The results of AMT for those patients with symblepharon at different degree and between those patients who were performed in different time after eye burns had significant difference statistically ( ? 2 test, P

Glottis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Vocal Cords ; physiopathology ; Voice Training

Urinary tract infections remain the most frequent infection in patients with either traumatic or nontraumatic spinal cord inju-ry. The urinary tract infections are closely related to impaired bladder storage, voiding dysfunction, and use of indwelling catheters after spi-nal cord injury. Repeated urinary tract infections can cause upper urinary tract deterioration, and related chronic or repeated exposure to the antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections increases the risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization. Therefore, it is important to de-termine appropriate urinary tract infections treatment in spinal cord injury patients who are admitted to rehabilitation hospitals. The limita-tions of the usual measures in prevention of urinary tract infections in this population have led the way to explore more innovative modali-ties and approaches. We reviewed the researches of urinary tract infections on spinal cord injury. It is presented to provide reference for clini-cal diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate types of learning disabilities in primary school children and do intervention to improve the situation.Methods:Four primary schools in Pudong district were investigated. Among the 1572 students from grade 2 to grade 4, 15.7% had learning disability. They were divided into intervention group and control group by means of cluster sampling.Comprehensive intervention lasted for 1 year, then we did the follow up in both groups.Results:Among the children with learning disabilities,one third were mix type with reading, calculation and spelling difficulties at the same time. After one-year intervention, the rate of improvement was 57%, their academic score and IQ improved significantly than before and than control group.Conclusions:Nearly 16% primary school children have learning disability, the most common type is the mix one. Comprehensive intervention can help more than half of them to improve their learning.

Objective To present the experience of diagnosis and treatment of 21 cases of retrocaval ureter. Methods 21 cases of retrocaval ureter were retrospectively analysed. Results The main clinical symptom was right waist pain in 20 cases,4 of them with typical renal colic.8 cases had gross hematuria and calculus in the renal pelvis.1 case was void of symptom.The diagnosis of the disease depended mainly on intravenous urography (IVU) and retrograde ureteropyelography (RGU).IVU and RGU showed a "S" shaped upper ureteral segment with dilatation. Ureteral replacement and ureteroplasty were carried out in 20 cases which have been followed up from 2 months to 28 years with an average of 13 years.The symptom disappeared in 19 cases,with hydronephrosis and hydroureter significantly reduced on IVU and ultrasonography.1 case underwent ureteral reanastomosis because of stenosis at anastomosis site. Conclusions In patients with hydronephrosis and hydroureterosis of upper segment on the right side,the possibility of retrocaval ureter should be considered.Intravenous urography and retrograde ureteropyelography are the main means of diagnosis.Ureteral replacement and ureteroplasty are the treatment of choice.

AIM: To investigate the feasibility to inhibit the expression of MHCⅡ by special siRNA targeting class Ⅱ major histocompatibility complex (MHC Ⅱ) transactivator (CⅡTA), which might regulate MHC Ⅱexpression for suppressing immune rejection. METHODS: Five different siRNA were designed, synthesized and transfected into freshly isolated rat corneal keratocytes. At 24 hours posttransfection, the changes of MHC Ⅱexpression were detected by flowcytometry, and the mRNA abundance of CⅡTA and MHC Ⅱ was measured by FQ-PCR after inducing with recombinant rat interferon-gamma (IFN-?). RESULTS: Different siRNA showed different reduction in MHC Ⅱ and CⅡTA expression compared with the control (P

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical epidemiology of intrahepatic cholelithiasis in Guangxi area. MethodsAn retrospective analysis was made on 8?585 cases of intrahepatic cholelithiasis proved by exploration in a period of 19 years. Data were collected and analyzed by computer PEMS.ResultsThe intrahepatic cholelithiasis accounted for more than one third of all biliary stone disease treated during the same period. The prevalence of intrahepatic cholelithiasis in peasants victim increased from 23.4% out of all gall stones in a period of 1981～1985 to 55.8% between 1991～1999. The constituent ratio of intrahepatic lithiasis in males was nearly the same to that in females. The peak age range of patients with intrahepatic lithiasis was 31～40, and the mortality was the highest among all biliary stone disease. ConclusionsIntrahepatic cholelithiasis is by no means a vanishing disease,especially in rural area.

Objective To evaluate the use of amniotic membrane patches for mild or moderate eye burns at the stage of acute burns and the involved microsurgical techniques.Methods Thirty-four eyes with corneal burns of Ⅱ to Ⅲ degree in which may have partial limbal necrosis were accepted amniotic membrane patching (21 eyes) or pharmaceutical treatment (13 eyes).Four amniotic patches were procured and examined by transmitting electronic microscope when the exposed corneal surface became re-epithelialization after amniotic membrane inching.Results Amniotic patches became partially melting or prolapsed 5-10 (11± 2) days after surgery.The uncovered corneal surface showed quickly re-epithehalized.There were a few thin fibrovascular membrane invaded onto corneal surface in the patients with more than a half limbal necrosis.Postoperative visual acuity increased 1 to 6 (3.3 ± 1.2) lines.The electronic findings showed that most of the infiltrated polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the anmiotic patches became apoptosis.Corneal melting presented in four of 13 eyes who received only drug treatment and lamellar keratoplasty was then performed.The other eyes manifested pseudo-pterygium or symblepharon at different extent.Conclusion Amniotic,patches may reduce the inflammation of burned cornea and corneal neovascularization,accelerate re-epithelialization of corneal surface,even improve the rehabilitation of burned limbal stem cells.